Pavement Subgrade Improvement by Lime

2012 ◽  
Vol 587 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Bazid Khan ◽  
Abdus Siraj ◽  
Riaz A. Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Natural Moisture Content ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Pavement Construction

The subgrade soil of western by Pass Road Mardan, Pakistan consists of silty clay belonging to A-6(14) group of the AASHTO soil classification system. The average natural moisture content of the soil is more than 18% which makes it susceptible to water logging and problematic for pavement construction. The aim of this research is to improve the supporting power of the existing subgrade material to carry the proposed traffic safely. For this purpose, lime was incorporated into the soil. Soil samples were prepared containing 0, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12% lime by weight of the soil. Laboratory tests were conducted for determining particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, optimum moisture contents and maximum dry density and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). From this study it was found that the CBR initially increased with increase in lime content, reaching to a maximum value (35.50 %) at 6% lime content and then decreased with further increase in lime content. The optimum lime content for CBR was found as 6.50% (w/w), which enhanced CBR value by 337% compared to control. A consistent decrease from 1.92 at 0 to 1.763 (g/cm3) at 12% lime was observed suggesting compaction in the material. Results suggested that liming subgrade material is a viable option for improving pavement.

Evaluation of Suitability of Red Clay from Selected Areas of Gercus Formation, Sulaimaniyah, North Iraq, for the Construction of Embankment Dams

2021 ◽  
pp. 3417-3427
Author(s):  
Amera I. Hussain Hussain ◽  
Ibraheem I. Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Embankment Dams ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
The North ◽  
Geotechnical Assessment

      In this research, a geotechnical assessment was conducted for clay of the Gercus Formation to determine its suitability for embankment dams. The selected area is located in the north of Iraq. Six samples were collected from two sites in Dokan (Sulaimaniyah) and Haibat Sultan mountain (Koysinjaq), three samples each. Various geotechnical (physical, mechanical and chemical) tests were conducted based on standard specifications.      The results of the grain size test of clay samples showed their conformity with Zone C curves and their suitability for the construction of embankment dams, according to the Iraqi standard for roads and bridges.  The results of the plasticity limits test showed that the soil is made of fine, low plasticity silt (ML), and low plasticity clay (CL), according to the unified standard soil classification. The water content and plasticity limit tests (liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index) demonstrated that these clays are conformable with the limits of the Iraqi standards. The results of the modified compaction test found a maximum dry density value of 1.962 g/cm3 with an optimum moisture content of 11.5%. The results of the permeability index (K) revealed low permeability according to the Das classification and, therefore, showed the suitability of the samples as raw filling materials in the construction of dams. Chemical tests (sulfate content, organic materials content, total dissolved salts, gypsum content, and pH value) showed compatibility with the requirements for the use in dams construction under the Iraqi standard (SoRB/ R5).

Shear Strength of BC-Soil Admixed with Lime and Bio-Enzyme

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
C. Jairaj ◽  
M.T. Prathap Kumar ◽  
H. Muralidhara
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Lime Content

This BC Soil are expansive in nature and are problematic because of low shear strength and high compressibility. Review of literatures have proven that addition of lime imparts high strength with a corresponding reduction in swell of BC soils. In addition, Bio-enzymes have also been found to play a key role as activators in improving the characteristics of clayey soils such as BC soil. Development and use of non-traditional ground improvement techniques such as bio-enzymes in combination with lime for soil stabilization helps to reduce the cost and the detrimental effects on the soil environment. In the present study lime and bio-enzymes were used as soil stabilizing agents. Compaction test results on BC soil admixed with different percent of lime indicated that 3% addition lime gives higher maximum dry density of 17kN/m3 with OMC of 21% compare to other addition of lime percentages. Keeping 3% of lime as optimum lime content(OLC), BC Soil was admixed with different dosages of Bio-enzymes 25ml/m3, 50ml/m3, 100 ml/m3,150ml/m3, and 200ml/m3 along with OLC was tested for compaction and unconfined compressive strength(UCC). Further UCC test was carried out for different curing period of 0, 7, 15, 30, and 60 Days to analyse the long term effect of BC soil admixed with bio-enzymes with and without lime content. Morphological and chemical analysis was done by using XRD and SEM analysis, from all the test results it was found that 3%OLC + 75ml/m3 of bio-enzymes for 7 day of curing gives higher UCC of 450 kPa. From the SEM it was found that better bond between particles found to develop in bio-enzyme+ lime admixed BC soil in comparison with lime alone admixed BC soil. XRD studies indicated morphological changes in crystallinity and structure of stabilized BC soil in comparison to BC soil alone.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber-Reinforced Silty Clay Using Triaxial Shear Tests

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yankai Wu ◽  
Yanbin Li ◽  
Bin Niu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Sisal Fibers

Fiber reinforcement is widely used in construction engineering to improve the mechanical properties of soil because it increases the soil’s strength and improves the soil’s mechanical properties. However, the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced soils remain controversial. The present study investigated the mechanical properties of silty clay reinforced with discrete, randomly distributed sisal fibers using triaxial shear tests. The sisal fibers were cut to different lengths, randomly mixed with silty clay in varying percentages, and compacted to the maximum dry density at the optimum moisture content. The results indicate that with a fiber length of 10 mm and content of 1.0%, sisal fiber-reinforced silty clay is 20% stronger than nonreinforced silty clay. The fiber-reinforced silty clay exhibited crack fracture and surface shear fracture failure modes, implying that sisal fiber is a good earth reinforcement material with potential applications in civil engineering, dam foundation, roadbed engineering, and ground treatment.

scholarly journals Improvement of cement stabilized structural lateritic with pulverized snail shell

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Adetayo ◽  
Olugbenga Amu ◽  
Sunday Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Cement Content ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Foundation Construction ◽  
Stabilized Soil

AbstractThis study investigated the suitability of pulverized snail shell (PSS) as partial replacement of cement stabilized soil in foundation constructions. Preliminary and engineering tests were carried out on the soil samples. The optimum cement content fixed at 11% in correlation to Unified Soil Classification System, the PSS was introduced at varying percentages of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. Results revealed that, addition of PSS and 11% cement to lateritic soil caused a reduction in both liquid limits and plasticity index and an increased in plastic limits for all samples. Engineering tests showed the maximum dry density at optimum cement increased from 1493.34 ± 103.58 kg.m−3 to 1632 ± 435.81 kg.m−3 for sample A; 1476.77 ± 367.51 kg.m−3 to 1668 ± 202.58 kg.m−3 for sample B; 1460.77 ± 623.58 kg.m−3 to 1651 ± 135.45 kg.m−3 for sample C. The CBR recorded highest value at 4%PSS optimum cement for all samples. The addition of pulverized snail shell increased the strength of cement stabilized lateritic soil for structural foundation construction.

scholarly journals Strength Improvement of Weak Subgrade Soil Using Cement and Lime

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anigilaje B Salahudeen ◽  
Ja’afar A Sadeeq
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Subgrade Soil

The study investigate the suitability of subgrade soil in Baure Local Government Area of Kastina State Nigeria for road construction. The strength properties of the  subgrade was improved using lime and cement. Several analysis including the particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio tests were performed on natural and lime/cement treated soil samples in accordance with BS 1377 (1990) and BS 1924 (1990) respectively. Soil specimens were prepared by mixing the soil with lime and cement in steps of 0, 3, 6, and 9% by weight of dry soil in several percentage combinations. The Atterberg limits of the weak subgrade soils improved having a minimum plasticity index value of 5.70 % at 3%Lime/6%Cement contents. The maximum dry density (MDD) values obtained showed a significant improvement having a peak value of 1.66 kN/m3 at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents. Similarly, a minimum value of 18.50 % was observed for optimum moisture content at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents which is a desirable reduction from a value of 25.00 % for the natural soil. The unconfined compressive test value increased from 167.30 kN/m2 for the natural soil to 446.77 kN/m2 at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents 28 days curing period. Likewise, the soaked California bearing ratio values increased from 2.90 % for the natural soil to 83.90 % at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents. Generally, there were improvements in the engineering properties of the weak subgrade soil when treated with lime and cement. However, the peak UCS value of 446.77 kN/m2 fails to meet the recommended UCS value of 1710 KN/m2 specified by TRRL (1977) as a criterion for adequate stabilization using Ordinary Portland Cement.            Keywords: Weak subgrade soil, Lime, Cement, Atterberg limits, Maximum dry density, Optimum moisture content, Unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio

Strength Enhancement Potential of Spent Calcium Carbide on Fine Grained Lateritic Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Oluremi Johnson Rotimi ◽  
Bamigboye Gideon Olukunle ◽  
Afolayan Olaniyi Diran ◽  
B. Iyanda Olayinka ◽  
A. Bello Usman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Pavement Construction

Effect of spent calcium carbide (SCC) on index and strength properties of lateritic soil at differ- ent compactive efforts was assessed in this study as potential means of improving the geotechnical properties of the subsoil as well as disposing of SCC as waste. SCC was admixed with the soil using 0 to 10 % by dry weight of soil at an incremental rate of 2%. The following tests were carried out on the samples: specific gravity, Atterberg limit, particle size distribution, compaction, and California bearing ratio (CBR). Compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests were carried out using British Standard light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS), and British Standard heavy (BSH) on both the natural and stabilized soil samples. From the investigation, atterberg limits show a reduction in the plasticity index with increasing content of SCC. The maximum dry density of the soil decreased with increasing SCC content and increased with an increase in compactive energies (BSL<WAS<BSH), while and optimum moisture content (OMC) increased correspondingly. Also, soaked and unsoaked CBR values of the stabilized lateritic soil showed an increase in strength with higher compactive effort, and SCC content up to 4% SCC addition and after that decreased in value. Based on these results, spent calcium carbide improved the geotechnical properties of this lateritic soil, and 4% SCC is recommended for its stabilization as subgrade material for pavement construction, thereby serving as an effective method of disposing SCC towards promoting a green and sustainable environment.

Assessment of Gneiss-Derived Residual Soils as Materials Used in Road Pavement Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Olaoluwa Oluwaniyi ◽  
Imoleayo Fatoyinbo ◽  
Akinola Bello ◽  
Joshua Owoseni
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Natural Moisture Content ◽  
Pavement Structures

Failure of highway pavement and collapse of building in basement complex of Nigeria is often related to the instability of the residual. This study evaluated the strength characteristics of gneiss-derived residual Soils as materials usable for road pavement structures. A total of eleven soil samples derived from granite gneiss were subjected to laboratory geotechnical analyses based on standard practices. The geotechnical analyses reveal the soils’ natural moisture content, specific gravity, grain sizes, consistency limits, shearing strengths, maximum dry density, and optimum moisture content. Based on AASHTO classification, the soil samples are classified as A-7-6, A-6, and A-7-5. The results of the laboratory analyses revealed that the natural moisture content and specific gravity ranged from 8.30 to 22.70% and 2.6 to 2.8 respectively. Particle size analysis reveals that the coarse contents of the soils ranged from 28.8% to 59.8% and amount of fines ranged from 40.2 to 71.2%. The liquid limit ranged from 31.3% to 68.3%, plastic limit ranged from 20% to 28.0%, plasticity index ranged from 4.8% to 38.90% and linear shrinkage ranged from 5.7 to 13.6%. The maximum dry density ranged from 1481 kg/m3 to 1921 kg/m3 and optimum moisture content ranged from 15.2% to 27.6%. Undrained triaxial shear strength (Cu) ranged from 43.0 Kpa to 250.3Kpa, angle of friction ranges from 11.7 to 29.30, and unconfined compressive strength ranged from 153 to 356.5Kpa. The results indicate that the residual soils are poor sub-grade and foundation materials due to their high amount of fines, linear shrinkage values, plasticity, and swelling potential, as well as low maximum dry density.

Application of Genetic Programming for Estimation of Soil Compaction Parameters

2011 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Naderi ◽  
Pedram Roshani ◽  
Masoud Zabihi Samani ◽  
Mohammad Amin Tutunchian
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Programming ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Soft Computing Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Input Variables

The aim of this study is to propose two numerical models by a well-known soft computing method, Genetic Programming (GP), for the estimation of soils compaction parameters. Genetic Programming is a pattern recognition approach that has the ability of modeling the non-linear behavior of complex engineering problems. The input variables were the soil classification properties, and the outputs were the Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and Maximum Dry Density (MDD). To provide model, a database including properties of different soils classified as CH, CI, CL, GC, GM, MH, MI, ML and SC was used. In addition, a new Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) based formula using the database, compared with the GP based model. Study results revealed that the proposed formula by GP can predict the compaction parameters of soils in a highly precise manner, and its outputs were in satisfactory conformity with real test results. Performances of the proposed models evaluated using the regression statistical analyses. The proposed formulae can be useful for the preliminary design of engineering projects and are more useful for cases with time and financial limitations.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Utilization of Fine Steel Slag on Stabilizing High Plastic Subgrade Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussien Aldeeky ◽  
Omar Al Hattamleh
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
High Plastic

The three major steel manufacturing factories in Jordan dump their byproduct, steel slag, randomly in open areas, which causes many environmental hazardous problems. This study intended to explore the effectiveness of using fine steel slag aggregate (FSSA) in improving the geotechnical properties of high plastic subgrade soil. First soil and fine steel slag mechanical and engineering properties were evaluating. Then 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% dry weight of soil of fine steel slag (FSSA) were added and mixed into the prepared soil samples. The effectiveness of the FSSA was judged by the improvement in consistency limits, compaction, free swell, unconfined compression strength, and California bearing ratio (CBR). From the test results, it is observed that 20% FSSA additives will reduce plasticity index and free swell by 26.3% and 58.3%, respectively. Furthermore, 20% FSSA additives will increase the unconfined compressive strength, maximum dry density, and CBR value by 100%, 6.9%, and 154%. By conclusion FSSA had a positive effect on the geotechnical properties of the soil and it can be used as admixture in proving geotechnical characteristics of subgrade soil, not only solving the waste disposal problem.

scholarly journals Study on the Compaction Effect Factors of Lime-treated Loess Highway Embankments

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyu Zhang ◽  
Wanjun Ye ◽  
Zuoren Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Optimum Water Content ◽  
Compaction Energy ◽  
Highway Embankments ◽  
Optimum Water

This paper presents a study to investigate the effects of water content, lime content and compaction energy on the compaction characteristics of lime-treated loess highway embankments. Laboratory compaction tests were conducted to determine the maximum dry density  and optimum water content  of loess with different lime Contents (0, 3, 5 and 8%), and to examine the effects of water content, lime content and compaction energy on the value of  and . In situ compaction tests were performed to obtain the in situ dry density  and the degree of compaction  of different lime-treated loess. Experimental embankments with different fill materials (0, 3, 5 and 8% lime treated loess) were compacted by different rollers during in situ tests. The results indicate that  increases due to the increase of water content . Once water content exceeds , dry density  decreases dramatically. The addition of lime induced the increase of  and the decrease of . A higher compaction energy results in a higher value of  and a lower value of . The value of  achieves it’s maximum value when in situ water content  was larger than the value of  (+1-2%). The degree of compaction  can hardly be achieved to 100% in the field construction of embankments. Higher water content and compaction energy is needed for optimum compaction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document