Enzyme Activities of Soils during the Reversal of Desertification

2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 865-869
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Pei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Potassium Cation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Sand Land ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Desertification reversal is actually the change of shifting sand to more typical zonal soil. During the reversal process, soil properties has drastically changed, and assessment of these changes is essential for soil management and soil health. The activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase and catalase, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, cation exchange capacity (CEC) contents of soils during reversal of desertification were investigated, and multivariate analysis was used to study the relationship between soil enzymes and soil physical-chemical properties. The results showed that urease activity, alkaline phosphatise activity and invertase activity were significantly higher from fixed sand land to semi-fixed sand land to semi mobile-sand land to mobile sand land. Soil organic matter had significant positive correlation with activities of invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase. Soil organic matter, total N and available N were the major factors influencing activities of soil enzymes.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENANAMAN SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) TERHADAP KANDUNGAN C DAN N TANAH DI DESA RESAPOMBO, DOKO, BLITAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Ulyan Khalif
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Matter Input

Landuse change are suspected to be one responsible to soil fertility decline on Resapombo, Doko, Blitar. Efforts done by local farmers to deal with these problems are plantation of P. falcataria trough a reforestation program around 2011-2012. The benefits of the program are still need to be assessed so that this research was done (1) to compare the soil quality between P. falcataria-planted field and no P.falcataria field by the parameters of soil organic matter content and available N, (2) to study the relationship between organic matter input and soil organic matter content and available N, and (3) to identify factors affecting N availability post-P. falcatariaplantation. This research used randomized block design with 5 treatments (annual crop field, 3 and 6 years P. falcaria plantation field, agroforestry field with P. falcataria + coffee + talas plantation, and ex-P. falcataria-planted field. Soil were sampled compositely by 3 replication from 0-20 cm depth. Litter were sampled from a 0.5m2 sub-plot of each treatment. Results showed that P. falcataria plantations enhance soil fertility indicated by increased soil organic matter input to 10.6 times (monoculture) and 17.6 times (agroforestry) control, increased soil organic matter content by 1.5 times (monoculture) and 2.3 times(agroforestry) control, increased total N of 1.6 times (monoculture) and 2.4 times (agroforestry) control, increased ammonium by 1.7 times (monoculture) and 3.2 times (agroforestry) control, and increased nitrate by 2.4 times (monoculture) and 3.9 times(agroforestry) control.The increased soil N content of P. falcataria-planted field were caused by higher soil organic inputs compared to those with no P. falcataria plantation. Nitrogen availability affected by soil texture but have no relationship with soil pH. However, agroforestry fields showed higher pH, organic C, total N, and available N than monoculture P. falcataria fields. Measured soil chemical properties showed no significant change by the increase of P. falcataria age, moreover, they declined down towards control on ex-P. falcatariaplantation. This indicates that reforestation would only give a temporary soil quality enhancement.

Some effects of continuous use of herbicides in sultanas in the Sunraysia area

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

As an alternative to cultivation, repeated yearly applications from 1964 to 1968 of simazine plus or minus amitrole gave satisfactory weed control in sultanas at two sites in the Sunraysia area. The minimum rates needed of simazine per year were 1.3 and 3.3 lb an acre at the lighter and heavier soil sites respectively. There were no differences in residual weed control if amitrole was added to these amounts. Sultana maturity and yield, leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and soil organic matter, pH and cation exchange capacity were all unaffected by the herbicide applications.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENANAMAN SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria) TERHADAP KANDUNGAN C DAN N TANAH DI DESA RESAPOMBO, DOKO, BLITAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Ulyan Khalif
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Matter Input

Landuse change are suspected to be one responsible to soil fertility decline on Resapombo, Doko, Blitar. Efforts done by local farmers to deal with these problems are plantation of P. falcataria trough a reforestation program around 2011-2012. The benefits of the program are still need to be assessed so that this research was done (1) to compare the soil quality between P. falcataria-planted field and no P.falcataria field by the parameters of soil organic matter content and available N, (2) to study the relationship between organic matter input and soil organic matter content and available N, and (3) to identify factors affecting N availability post-P. falcatariaplantation. This research used randomized block design with 5 treatments (annual crop field, 3 and 6 years P. falcaria plantation field, agroforestry field with P. falcataria + coffee + talas plantation, and ex-P. falcataria-planted field. Soil were sampled compositely by 3 replication from 0-20 cm depth. Litter were sampled from a 0.5m2 sub-plot of each treatment. Results showed that P. falcataria plantations enhance soil fertility indicated by increased soil organic matter input to 10.6 times (monoculture) and 17.6 times (agroforestry) control, increased soil organic matter content by 1.5 times (monoculture) and 2.3 times(agroforestry) control, increased total N of 1.6 times (monoculture) and 2.4 times (agroforestry) control, increased ammonium by 1.7 times (monoculture) and 3.2 times (agroforestry) control, and increased nitrate by 2.4 times (monoculture) and 3.9 times(agroforestry) control.The increased soil N content of P. falcataria-planted field were caused by higher soil organic inputs compared to those with no P. falcataria plantation. Nitrogen availability affected by soil texture but have no relationship with soil pH. However, agroforestry fields showed higher pH, organic C, total N, and available N than monoculture P. falcataria fields. Measured soil chemical properties showed no significant change by the increase of P. falcataria age, moreover, they declined down towards control on ex-P. falcatariaplantation. This indicates that reforestation would only give a temporary soil quality enhancement.

Effects of wheat straw burning on content of soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
田国成 TIAN Guocheng ◽  
王钰 WANG Yu ◽  
孙路 SUN Lu ◽  
施明新 SHI Mingxin ◽  
吴发启 WU Faqi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Straw Burning ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Effects of sediment nutrients and depth on small-scale spatial heterogeneity of submersed macrophyte communities in Lake Pleasant, Pennsylvania

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1493-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
R K Johnson ◽  
M L Ostrofsky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Prevailing Paradigm

Sediment concentrations of total and available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and organic matter from the littoral zone of Lake Pleasant, Pennsylvania, were highly variable. Only organic matter and total N were correlated with depth, however. This result suggests the existence of more complex environmental gradients than the prevailing paradigm of monotonic changes in sediment characteristics with increasing depth. The spatial heterogeneity of submersed aquatic plant communities was significantly correlated with depth, and available N and P. Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrated that these three factors explained 38% of the variance in community structure. Other sediment characteristics (available K, organic matter, and total N, P and K) were not significant by themselves, but all variables combined explained 63% of community-structure variance. Cluster analysis identified species or groups of species typical of endpoints on the depth versus nutrient axes. Myriophyllum exalbescens was typical of deep sites with relatively nutrient-rich sediments, whereas deep nutrient-poor sites were dominated by Vallisneria americana and Megalodonta beckii. Shallow nutrient-rich sites were dominated by several species of Potamogeton and Elodea canadensis, and shallow nutrient-poor sites were dominated by Heteranthera dubia and Najas flexilis. These results demonstrate the importance of sediment characteristics in determining macrophytes' community structure within lakes.

Soil organic carbon fractions in a Vertisol under irrigated cotton production as affected by burning and incorporating cotton stubble

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Conteh ◽  
G. J. Blair ◽  
I. J. Rochester
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

The contribution of cotton stubble to the soil organic matter content of Vertisols under cotton production is not well understood. A 3-year experiment was conducted at the Australian Cotton Research Institute to study the effects of burning and incorporating cotton stubble on the recovery of fertiliser nitrogen (N), lint yield, and organic matter levels. This study reports on the changes in soil organic matter fractions as affected by burning and incorporating cotton stubble into the soil. Soil samples collected at the start and end of the 3-year experiment were analysed for total carbon (CT), total N (NT), and δ13C (a measure of 13C/12C isotopic ratios). Labile carbon (CL) was determined by ease of oxidation and non-labile carbon (CNL) was calculated as the difference between CT and CL. Based on the changes in CT, CL, and CNL, a carbon management index (CMI) was calculated. Further analyses were made for total polysaccharides (PT), labile polysaccharides (PL), and light fraction C (LF-C). Stubble management did not significantly affect the NT content of the soil. After 3 years, the stubble-incorporated plots had a significantly higher content of CT, CL, and polysaccharides. Incorporation of stubble into the soil increased the CMI by 41%, whereas burning decreased the CMI by 6%. The amount of LF-C obtained after 3 years in the stubble-incorporated soil was almost double that obtained in the stubble-burnt soil. It was concluded that for sustainable management of soil organic matter in the Vertisols used for cotton production, stubble produced in the system should be incorporated instead of burnt.

Sulfur forms in bulk soils and alkaline soil extracts of tropical mountain ecosystems in northern Thailand

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Möller ◽  
K. Kaiser ◽  
N. Kanchanakool ◽  
C. Anecksamphant ◽  
W. Jirasuktaveekul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Organic S

Sulfur, besides phosphorus, is crucial for the nutrition of plants on tropical soils. Its availability is closely related to the turnover of soil organic matter. To get a better insight into transformation of soil S forms during the decomposition of organic matter, we studied inorganic and organic S pools in bulk samples and alkaline extracts of soils under different land uses representative of the tropical highlands of northern Thailand. Samples were taken from a cabbage cultivation, a Pinus reforestation, a secondary forest, and a primary forest. Total S ranged from 483 549 mg/kg in the subsoil to 1909 376 mg/kg in the organic layers, which is relatively high for tropical soils. The major S component in soil was organic S, comprising 75–99% of total S. Organic S was significantly correlated with total S, organic C, and total N, indicating that there is a close relationship between C, N, and S cycling in soil. C-bonded S was the predominant form in the topsoils (35–99% of total S) but its presence decreased with soil depth. The maximum concentrations of ester SO4-S were found in the A horizons (128 49 mg/kg), whereas the concentrations of inorganic SO4-S were small in all horizons. Compared with the forest site, the cabbage cultivation site was strongly depleted in S. C-bonded S was more depleted than ester SO4-S. A comparison of the S forms in NaOH extracts with S forms in bulk soil and C forms as indicated by 13C-NMR spectroscopy showed (i) that the extracts were very representative of soil organic S fractions and (ii) that ester SO4-S was mainly associated with O-substituted aliphatic C. In contrast, C-bonded S seemed to be connected to more-or-less all C binding types. transformation of soil organic matter, sulfate.

Effect of density of Tephrosia candida stands on soil characteristics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Lie ◽  
Zhuomin Wang ◽  
Li Xue
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tephrosia Candida ◽  
Total P

With one-year-old Tephrosia candida trees as experimental material, influence of stand density on soil nutrient content and enzyme activity was studied. The results showed that density had little influenced on pH value in 2, 4 and 8 trees m2 stands. The contents of soil organic matter, effective nitrogen and effective phosphorus significantly increased in 2 trees m2 stands. The contents of soil organic matter and effective nitrogen significantly increased, whereas total N, total P, total K, effective N, effective P and effective K significantly decreased in 4 trees/m2 stand. Soil organic matter and nutrients except for total P significantly decreased in 8 trees m2 stand. Among the three density stands, the activities of urease, catalase and phosphatase were the lowest in 8 trees m2 stand.

Nitrogen-mineralization potential of meadow soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis R. Simard ◽  
Adrien N'dayegamiye
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Mineralization Rate ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Gompertz Equation ◽  
Mineralizable N ◽  
Mineralization Potential ◽  
Potential Mineralization

An understanding of the mineralization factors in contrasting cultivated soils is necessary for accurate predictions of plant-available N. The objective of this work was to determine the N-mineralization potential and mathematical models that can properly describe the dynamics of the mineralization process in 20 meadow soils from Quebec. The mineralization was monitored over 55.4 wk in a laboratory incubation at 20 °C with intermittent leaching. The cumulative mineralization curves in most soils were characterized by definite lags or a sigmoidal pattern and near-linear release with time after 20 wk. The data were best described by the Gompertz equation; first-order models were inadequate. The total amount of mineralizable N and the potential mineralization rate were very closely correlated with the total amounts of C or N (r > 0.73; P < 0.01). The clay content was also correlated with these mineralization parameters and significantly improved the prediction of the cumulative and potential N-mineralization rate estimated from the total N or C content of soils. The relationships with other soil characteristics such as soil pH and available nutrient contents were weak but significant. The results of this study suggest that textural classes be added in the correction for organic matter content to improve the precision in N-fertilizer recommendation and in soil-quality classifications based on potential mineralization rate. Key words: Soil quality, potentially mineralizable N, Gompertz equation, soil organic matter, soil texture, C, N

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