Laboratory Research of the Terpolymer Fracturing Fluid Gelatinizer

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 712-715
Author(s):  
Cheng Yu Zhou ◽  
Zheng Fu Jia ◽  
Xia Yang Hou ◽  
Xiao Ling Mou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Total Monomer Concentration

The terpolymer was synthesized by AM, AA and AMPS. The effects of the content of AA and AMPS, the amount of initiator, the neutralization degree, reaction temperature, reaction time and monomer concentration on terpolymer viscosities were studied. Then it draws the best conditions of this polymerization: monomer quality ratio(AM:AMPS: AA) is 10:2:1, the amount of initiator is between 0.20% and 0.25%, the neutralization degree is 90%, the reaction temperature is 30°C , the reaction time is 4 hours, the total monomer concentration is 21%. Finally, it draws a conclusion that the polymer is a kind of terpolymer which is synthesized by AM, AA and AMPS with the help of the IR spectroscopy.

Effects of Polymerization Parameters on Aqueous Deposited Copolymerization of Acrylonitrile and Itaconic Acid

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 508-511
Author(s):  
Ya Qi Zhao ◽  
Qiao Feng ◽  
Ling Zhi Du
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Total Monomer Concentration

Pure powdery high molecular weight polyacrylonitrile (HMW-PAN) copolymers were firstly synthesized by aqueous deposited polymerization (ADP) technique employing 2,2'-Azobis (isobutyramidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) as initiator and itaconic acid (IA) as comonomer. Various PAN polymers were obtained through changing different polymerization parameters. It is indicated that with the increase of total monomer concentration, initiator concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time, polymerization conversions of PAN copolymers all increased. While the molecular weights become greater with the increase of total monomer concentration. With the increase of initiator concentration and reaction temperature (under higher reaction temperature region), the molecular weights decreased. However, the molecular weights only had very little decrease at the end of long extension of reaction time.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of High-Efficiency Magnetic Heavy Metal Capture Flocculants

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yu ◽  
Yongjun Sun ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Aowen Chen ◽  
Kinjal J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Response Surface Optimization ◽  
Metal Capture ◽  
Total Monomer Concentration

In this study, a high-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA was prepared based on carboxymethyl chitosan and magnetic Fe3O4. It was characterized by SEM, FTIR, XPS, XRD and VSM, and the Cu(II) removal rate was used as the evaluation basis for the preparation process. The effects of AMPS content, total monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration and reaction time on the performance of MF@AA flocculation to remove Cu(II) were studied. The characterization results show that MF@AA has been successfully prepared and exhibits good magnetic induction characteristics. The synthesis results show that under the conditions of 10% AMPS content, 35% total monomer concentration, 0.04% photoinitiator concentration, and 1.5 h reaction time, the best yield of MF@AA is 77.69%. The best removal rate is 87.65%. In addition, the response surface optimization of the synthesis process of MF@AA was performed. The optimal synthesis ratio was finally determined as iron content 6.5%, CMFS: 29.5%, AM: 53.9%, AMPS: 10.1%. High-efficiency magnetic heavy metal flocculant MF@AA shows excellent flocculation performance in removing Cu(II). This research provides guidance and ideas for the development of efficient and low-cost flocculation technology to remove Cu(II) in wastewater.

Study on Synthesis of the High Aspect Ratios Nesquehonite Whiskers

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1118-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ke Yan ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Yu Juan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Whisker Length ◽  
Aqueous Solution Method

In this paper, nesquehonite whiskers were synthesized by low-temperature aqueous solution method, and the impacts of reaction temperature, reaction time and surfactant dosage and other factors on the maximum whisker length and high aspect ratios of nesquehonite whiskers were also investigated. Results showed that under the conditions that the reaction temperature was 40 – 50 °C the reaction time was 50 – 60min and the amount of surfactant dosage was 1% (by mass), high aspect ratios nesquehonite whisker products can be synthesized. On this basis, growth mechanism of the nesquehonite whiskers was discussed.

Grafting of Itaconic Anhydride onto Natural Rubber as Compatibilizer for Rubber Blend, Experimental Optimization of Grafting Extent

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muryanee Puteh ◽  
Pairote Klinpituksa ◽  
Azizan Kaesaman
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Graft Copolymers ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Peak Ratio ◽  
Itaconic Anhydride ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Absorbance Peak

Graft copolymers of natural rubber with itaconic anhydride (IA) were prepared in toluene using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, monomer concentration and initiator concentration on natural rubber grafting were investigated. Graft copolymers (NR-g-IA) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The grafting content of IA onto NR was estimated by means of FTIR using the absorbance peak ratio for 1783 cm-1 and 835 cm-1, corresponding to the symmetric C=O stretching and the =C-H out of plane bending in natural rubber, respectively. Titration was also used to determine the amount of IA grafted onto natural rubber. The optimal grafting conditions for preparation of NR-g-IA were found at 10 phr IA, 2.5 phr BPO, 85°C temperature, and 2.5 hr reaction time.

Preparation of A Spherical Cellulose Adsorbent as Amino Acid Sorbent

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 899-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Lin ◽  
Ming Hua Liu ◽  
Huai Yu Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Initiator Concentration ◽  
Basic Amino Acids ◽  
Cellulose Adsorbent

The spherical cellulose adsorbent was prepared by grafting acrylic acid onto the spherical cellulose beads prepared by NMMO method. The effecting factors, e.g., monomer concentration, initiator concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time were optimized by the orthogonal and signal-factor experiments and the structure of the adsorbent was characterized by FTIR and SEM. The graft mechanism was also discussed. Moreover, the spherical cellulose adsorbents were shown to behave as good sorbents for basic amino acids L-Arg, L-Lys and L-His.

Improve the Temperature Resistance of Guar Gum by Silanization

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Fracturing Fluid ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Optimized Conditions

For gelating agent in hydraulic fracturing fluid, the temperature resistance is required. To improve the temperature resistance of Guar gum (GG), it was modified by silanization. The reaction conditions were investigated, and the optimized conditions were as following: the reaction temperature of 85°C, 5: 1 molar ratio of guar gum to TMS-Cl and 4-6 h of reaction time. The viscosity of silanized guar gum (SGG) aqueous gel was greatly improved even high temperature at 80°C.

Study on the Saccharification Conditions of Fuel Ethanol from Corn Straw

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Jin Yang Li ◽  
Hai Bin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Fuel Ethanol ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Main Factors

To study the saccharification conditions of cellulase on lignocellulose material, this paper used corn straw as the material to do research on the effect of cellulase. The hydrolysis factors, including reaction temperature, reaction time and cellulase concentration, were measured in order to determine the optimal saccharification conditions for fuel ethanol production. The results showed that, when the reaction temperature was 45°C, reaction time was 72 h and cellulase concentration was 60 IU/g, the hydrolysis rate can respectively reach 6.25 %, 14.7 % and 14.4 %. By the analysis of orthogonal test, the main factors effects the saccharification was reaction time. And the optimal combination of saccharification conditions was the reaction time of 54 h, the reaction temperature of 45 °C, and the cellulase concentration of 55 IU/g.

Magnesium Recovery from Desiliconization Slag of Nickel Laterite Ores by Carbonization

2013 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Ning Mu ◽  
Shuang Zhi Shi ◽  
Yu Chun Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Nickel Laterite ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Carbonation Process ◽  
Laterite Ores ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments

This work examines the recovery of magnesium from desiliconization slag of nickel laterite ores by carbonation process. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, liquid/solid ratio and CO2 flow rate on magnesium dissolution are investigated. The optimized experimental conditions of recovering magnesium were gained by the analysis of orthogonal experiments.

Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Stabilized by 3-(Aminopropyl)Triethoxysilane through (N, N-Dimethylformamide) Reduction

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1298-1301
Author(s):  
Yan Ming Chen ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Chemical Route ◽  
Plasmon Band ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wet Chemical

gold nanoparticles were synthesized in DMF (N, N-dimethylformamide) solution by using 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane as stabilizer through wet chemical route. A characteristic surface plasmon band can be observed for the obtained gold nanoparticles from UV-vis absorption spectra, which indicate that KH-550 can serve as stabilizing agent for the formation of gold nanoparticles. The influence of reaction temperature, reaction time and precursor concentrations on the formation of gold nanoparticles is investigated through UV-vis absorption spectra. The results show that surface plasmon absorption peak could be red-shifted when reaction temperature, reaction time and precursor concentrations increase. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that the obtained gold nanoparticles with spherical morphology have a narrow size distribution.

Conversion of Glucose to Levulinic Acid Catalyzed by ZSM-5 Loading SO42-/ ZrO2

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
Xiao Yu Sui ◽  
Jun Ping Zhuang ◽  
Chun Sheng Pang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Molar Percent ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis of glucose to produce levulinic acid catalyzed by ZSM-5 loading SO42-/ ZrO2 was studied in this paper. The effects of different factors such as catalyst amount, reaction temperature, reaction time on the yields of levulinic acid and hydroxymethyl furfural were investigated. It was found that the highest yield of levulinic acid was 55.03% (molar percent) under the conditions of catalyst amount 3 g, reaction temperature 180 °C and reaction time 2.5 h. Surface structure of catalyst was analyzed by FT-IR, indicating that crystallinity of catalyst was 0.66.

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