Application of Spatial Sampling to Remote Sensing Monitoring of Forest Cover Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3732-3737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Ping Zhang ◽  
Lin Bo Zhang ◽  
Bin Gong
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Spatial Sampling ◽  
Remote Sensing Monitoring ◽  
Study Results

This study combines the sampling technique, geographic information system and remote sensing technique to conduct a sampling survey on forest cover area of Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve in China on the basis of TM remote sensing image. The spatial simple random sampling, spatial stratified sampling and sandwich sampling model are respectively utilized to establish the sampling design. For the spatial simple random sampling model, the spatial autocorrelation analysis method is adopted to determine the spatial autocorrelation coefficient through calculating Moran's I index, while in the spatial stratified sampling and sandwich sampling model, the yearly maximum NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is utilized to conduct the spatial stratification. Through comparison of the sampling accuracy of three sampling models, a higher precision and more reasonable sampling method and sampling model is provided for remote sensing monitoring of forest cover area. The study results show that: sandwich sampling model is featured as the highest sampling accuracy, followed by the spatial stratified sampling and simple random sampling. Under the requirement of same precision, sandwich spatial sampling model can reduce quantity of the sampling points, and create all kinds of report units according to demands of different spatial area, so it is featured as the better suitability.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of the Type of Sampling of Representative Properties on the Results of Mass Appraisal

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-167
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gnat
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Real Estate Valuation ◽  
Simple Sampling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Square Errors

Abstract Research background: Mass valuation is a process in which many properties are valued simultaneously with a uniform approach. An example of a procedure used for mass real estate valuation is the Szczecin Algorithm of Real Estate Mass Appraisal (SAREMA), which can be developed into a multiple regression model. The algorithm is based on a set of drawn representative properties. This set determines, inter alia, the quality of obtained valuations. Purpose: The objective of the study is to verify the hypothesis whether changing the method of sampling representative properties from the originally used simple random sampling to stratified sampling improves the results of the SAREMA econometric variant. Research methodology: The article presents a study that uses two methods of representative properties sampling – simple random sampling and stratified sampling. Errors of the models of valuation created taking into account both methods of sampling and different number of representative properties are compared. A key aspect of the survey is the choice of a better sampling method. Results: The study has shown that stratified sampling improves valuation results and, more specifically, allows for lower root mean square errors. Stratified sampling yielded better results in the initial phase of the study with more observations, but reducing the percentage of strata participating in the draws, despite the increase in RMSE, guaranteed lower errors than the corresponding results based on simple sampling in all variants of the study. Novelty: The article confirms the possibility of improving the results of mass property valuation by changing the scheme of representative properties sampling. The results allowed for the conclusion that stratified sampling is a better way of creating a set of representative properties.

scholarly journals Hyperspectral remote sensing for extraction of soil salinization in the northern region of Ningxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2487-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem T. Abd El-Hamid ◽  
Guan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spectral Data ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
First Order ◽  
Remote Sensing Monitoring

Abstract Soil salinization affects negatively on agricultural productivity in the semiarid region of Ningxia. In this study, the performance of inversion model to determine soil salinization was assessed using some analysis and reflectance of wavelength. About 42 vegetation samples and 42 soil samples were collected for model extraction. Hyper-spectral data processing method was used to analyze spectral characteristics of different levels of salinization area vegetation. Spectral data were transformed in 16 different approaches, including root mean squares, logarithm, inversion logarithm, and first-order differentiation. After the transformation, the obtained soil and vegetation characteristics spectra correlate well with soil salt content, built soil index, and many vegetation indices. Nonlinear regression was employed to establish soil salinization remote sensing monitoring model. By comparing various spectral transformations, the first-order differential of soil spectral was the most sensitive to soil salinization degrees. The model of the current research was based on salinity index (SI) and improved soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI). The correlation between simulated values and measured values was 0.758. Therefore, remote sensing monitoring derived from MSAVI–SI can greatly improve the dynamic and periodical monitoring of soil salinity in the study area.

scholarly journals Metode Pembelajaran “Make A Match” Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Rina Hidayati Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Teaching Activities ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

<p>Almost of unspecifically studying methods have been applied teacher for teaching activities. That methods have effected unefficiency for knowledge transferring to student. That is the reason how we need studying methods that efficient, creative and innovative. The purpose of this study is for knowing the studying methods  “Make A Match” and how the impact to result study specifically for natural science. We use purpose sampling technics to definite research class and simple random sampling to definite part of sample of each class. The average score of experiment class are higher than control class. The different of both class is three point with normal distribution for each class and from homogeneity test showed that F hit = 1,163. Both of them have homogeneous varians. The average point of experiment class are higher than control class too. T-test showed  t hit &gt; t table (3,614 &gt; 1,69). Thus, the studying methods  “Make a Match” could raised the study results better than conventional methods. As the result, the quality of education can be more improved agree with contain and the purpose of studying in the school.</p>

scholarly journals PERMAINAN PUZZLE MEMPENGARUHI PERKEMBANGAN KECERDASAN VISUAL-SPATIAL ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN DI TK AL-FATH DESA KEBOAN ANOM GEDANGAN SIDOARJO

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Ayu Anjani ◽  
Siti Nurjanah
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Educational Games ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Spatial Intelligence ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Intelligence Development

One of the Visual-spatial intelligence development of children aged 4-5 years is a child can recognize up to 12 kinds of colours, in fact it is still found children aged 4-5 are not able to recognize colours properly. From preliminary data obtained 35.4% of children aged 4-5 years in visual-spatial intelligence development of children, they were not able to recognize colours properly. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a puzzle game on visual-spatial intelligence development of children aged 4-5 years. This study was conducted in Al-Fath kindergarten.  Study design use pre experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The population were children aged 4-5 years in kindergarten Al-Fath by 150 children with 30 respondents taken by simple random sampling. Independent variable is puzzle game and the dependent variable is the development of children's visual-spatial intelligence. Data were collected use observation sheets then analyzed by statistically test of paired sample t test with significance level a <0.05.The results showed there is an increasing (13.4%) very good and (20%) good of visual-spatial intelligence after giving intervention. Obtained r = 0.000 < a = 0.05 so  rejected, which means there is a puzzle game influence on the development of visual-spatial intelligence of children aged 4-5 years in kindergarten Al-Fath Keboan Anom village Gedangan Sidoarjo.From study results concluded that the puzzle can be used as a medium of learning to improve children's visual-spatial intelligence. It is recommended to use puzzle and parents can facilitate educational games for children and accompany them.

scholarly journals Common Lexical Errors Made by Machine Translation On Cultural Text

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
NANDA FITRI MAR'ATHUS SHOLIKHAH ◽  
Rohmani Nur Indah
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Word Selection ◽  
Lexical Errors ◽  
Different Cultures

Machine translation is one tool of Google that presents various languages to translate. As a translator machine, the results of Google Translate are not always perfectly correct. The result of translation can be called pre-translation, which is still needed to be revised. Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Arok Dedes story is one of the Javanese stories that contain elements of culture. Translating texts which contain elements of a culture is not easy because one region to another have different cultures, so that it is difficult to look for parallel words that contain cultural, religious, social, customs, social organization, procedure, sign language, and ecology elements, and Google cannot translate the term of cultural words easily. This study is aimed at two main purposes: (1) finding out the types of lexical errors made by machine translation in translating cultural text and (2) knowing the most dominant type of lexical errors made by machine translation in translating cultural text. This study was carried out in a population of 553 pages of Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Arok Dedes. A simple random sampling technique was done to select samples. The total samples taken in this study were 30% of the population. The study results are that there are only 9 types of the total 21 types of lexical errors, namely calque, misselection, consonant-based type, false friend, vowel-based type, inappropriate co-hyponym statistically weighted preferences, semantically determined word selection, and preposition partners. The most dominant error of lexical errors is calque.

Remote Sensing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank D. Eckardt
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Dynamic Topography ◽  
Forest Cover Change ◽  
Atmospheric Remote Sensing

This article on remote sensing or earth observation focuses on mapping and monitoring systems that produce global-scale data sets which are easily accessible to the wider public. It makes particular reference to low-earth-orbiting remote sensing platforms and sensors and associated image archives such as provided by the Landsat and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) programs. It also draws attention to handheld space photography, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and the high-spatial-resolution capability obtained from the commercial remote sensing sector. This entry examines applications that are of global interest and are facilitated through image and data portals. Particular emphasis is placed on products such as the normalized difference vegetation index, real-time fire mapping, forest cover change, geomorphology, and global elevation data as well as actual true- and false-color imagery. All of these can be readily imported as shape or raster files into a Geographic Information System (GIS). Key papers dealing with the global monitoring of the biosphere, dynamic topography, and gravity are being cited. Special emphasis is placed on current capabilities in monitoring recent and ongoing changes in the tropics as well as Arctic and Antarctic environment. Numerous remote sensing systems capture the state and dynamics of rainforests, ice caps, glaciers, and shelf and sea ice, some of which are available in near-real-time trend analysis. Not all sensors produce images; some measure passive microwaves, send laser pulses, or detect small fluctuations in gravitational attraction. Nevertheless, all instruments measure changes in earth’s surface state, indicative of seasonal cycles and long-term trends as well as human impact. This article also makes reference to historic developments, social benefits, and ethical considerations in remote sensing as well as the modern role of aerial photography and airborne platforms. Most people will never get to see a satellite or its instruments, they might not even get to see the available data or imagery, but these systems are directly informing the masses or indirectly shaping the perception of a changing and dynamic world. Future revisions to this article will consider oceanographic and atmospheric remote sensing capabilities.

Geographically Stratified Importance Sampling for the Calibration of Aggregated Destination Choice Models for Trip Distribution

2005 ◽  
Vol 1935 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Tang Li ◽  
Lee-Fang Chow ◽  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Shi-Chiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Importance Sampling ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Choice Models ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Selection Probabilities ◽  
Choice Probabilities ◽  
Choice Set

A key feature in estimating and applying destination choice models with aggregate alternatives is to sample a set of nonchosen traffic analysis zones (TAZs), plus the one a trip maker chose, to construct a destination choice set. Computational complexity is reduced because the choice set would be too large if all study area TAZs were included in the calibration. Commonly, two types of sampling strategies are applied to draw subsets of alternatives from the universal choice set. The first, and simplest, approach is to select randomly a subset of nonchosen alternatives with uniform selection probabilities and then add the chosen alternative if it is not otherwise included. The approach, however, is not an efficient sampling scheme because most alternatives for a given trip maker may have small choice probabilities. The second approach, stratified importance sampling, draws samples with unequal selection probabilities determined on the basis of preliminary estimates of choice probabilities for every alternative in the universal choice set. The stratified sampling method assigns different selection probabilities to alternatives in different strata. Simple random sampling is applied to draw alternatives in each stratum. However, it is unclear how to divide the study area so that destination TAZs may be sampled effectively. The process of and findings from implementing a stratified sampling strategy in selecting alternative TAZs for calibrating aggregate destination choice models in a geographic information system (GIS) environment are described. In this stratified sampling analysis, stratum regions varied by spatial location and employment size in the adjacent area were defined for each study area TAZ. The sampling strategy is more effective than simple random sampling in regard to maximum log likelihood and goodness-of-fit values.

scholarly journals Survey design and analysis considerations when utilizing misclassified sampling strata

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya A. Mitani ◽  
Nathaniel D. Mercaldo ◽  
Sebastien Haneuse ◽  
Jonathan S. Schildcrout
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
Racial And Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Complex Survey Design

Abstract Background A large multi-center survey was conducted to understand patients’ perspectives on biobank study participation with particular focus on racial and ethnic minorities. In order to enrich the study sample with racial and ethnic minorities, disproportionate stratified sampling was implemented with strata defined by electronic health records (EHR) that are known to be inaccurate. We investigate the effect of sampling strata misclassification in complex survey design. Methods Under non-differential and differential misclassification in the sampling strata, we compare the validity and precision of three simple and common analysis approaches for settings in which the primary exposure is used to define the sampling strata. We also compare the precision gains/losses observed from using a disproportionate stratified sampling scheme compared to using a simple random sample under varying degrees of strata misclassification. Results Disproportionate stratified sampling can result in more efficient parameter estimates of the rare subgroups (race/ethnic minorities) in the sampling strata compared to simple random sampling. When sampling strata misclassification is non-differential with respect to the outcome, a design-agnostic analysis was preferred over model-based and design-based analyses. All methods yielded unbiased parameter estimates but standard error estimates were lowest from the design-agnostic analysis. However, when misclassification is differential, only the design-based method produced valid parameter estimates of the variables included in the sampling strata. Conclusions In complex survey design, when the interest is in making inference on rare subgroups, we recommend implementing disproportionate stratified sampling over simple random sampling even if the sampling strata are misclassified. If the misclassification is non-differential, we recommend a design-agnostic analysis. However, if the misclassification is differential, we recommend using design-based analyses.

scholarly journals PERILAKU REMAJA DALAM HAL PERUBAHAN FISIOLOGIS PADA MASA PUBERTAS DI SMP YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN SHAFIYYATUL AMALIYYAH MEDAN TAHUN 2013

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Dina Indarsita ◽  
Mariaty S ◽  
Ravina Primursanti
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Stratified Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Latar belakang: Masa pubertas adalah terjadinya perubahan biologis yang meliputi morfologi dan fisiologi yang terjadi dengan pesat dari masa anak kemasa dewasa, terutama kapasitas reproduksi yaitu perubahan alat kelamin dari tahap anak kedewasa. berdasarkan persentase terkecil aspek fisik pada perilaku remaja mengenai keadaan fisik diperoleh 48,4%. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa masih banyak siswa yang memiliki pengetahuan, penilaian serta pengharapan yang belum baik tentang perubahan fisik. Hasil penelitian lain menunjukkan Remaja pada masa pubertas memiliki penerimaan yang positif terhadap perubahan fisik, yaitu sebanyak 78,63% dan penerimaan negatif terhadap perubahan fisik, yaitu sebanyak 21,37%. Tujuan penelitian : ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku remaja dalam hal perubahan fisiologis pada masa pubertas di SMP Yayasan Pendidikan Shafiyyatul Amaliyyah Medan Tahun 2013. Metodologi : Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 173 orang dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel adalah secara proporsi bertingkat (proportional stratified sampling) dan acak sederhana (simple random sampling). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April 2013. Hasil : Hasil penelitian diperoleh pengetahuan remaja berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 134 orang (77,5 %), berpengetahuan cukup sebanyak 36 orang (20,8 %), dan berpengetahuan kurang sebanyak 3 orang (1,7 %), sikap remaja mayoritas memiliki sikap positif sebanyak 162 orang (93,6 %) dan minoritas memiliki sikap negatif sebanyak 11 orang (6,4 %), tindakan remaja diperoleh tindakan baik sebanyak 157 orang ( 90,8 %) dan tindakan kurang sebanyak 16 orang ( 9,2 %). Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa perilaku remaja awal dalam hal perubahan fisiologis di SMP Yayasan Pendidikan Shafiyyatul Amaliyyah Medan Tahun 2013 baik.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MEDIA LKS BERBASIS MODEL TAKE AND GIVE TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS V SD NEGERI JABUNG 01 KEC.JABUNG KAB.MALANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Rizky Nadya Prabawati ◽  
Erna Yayuk ◽  
Kuncahyono Kuncahyono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: The existence of students’ Natural Science worksheets use as a media for doing exercises and being sources all at once. Uneffective tool of study for users, because of an incomplete material in students worksheets. This research aims to discover the impact of students worksheet media with take and give basis to natural science study results on fifth grade students in SD Negeri 1 Jabung, Jabung subdistrict Malang regency, and the total amount of the effect using students worksheet with take and give based model. This study used quantitative research approach and the type of this study was experimental study with true experimental design. The sample collection technique was simple random sampling. As a data population, the researcher choosen V grades students of SDN 1 Jabung , Jabung subdistrict, Malang regency with academic year of 2016/2017 amounted to 44 students. As an experimental class, the researcher choosen VB class as much as 23 students and VA class as a control class with the total students as much as 21 students. The result of the study shown that (1) in the hypothesis test which use t-test, the result is 0.032 with the significance 5%. It can be seen that the significant value (2-tailed) ˂ 0,05 means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. (2) the total amount of the effect using students worksheet with take and give based model toward the result of IPA (Natural Science) study had a significant influece as much as 47,9%.Keywords: Effect, student worksheet, Take and Give, IPA (Natural Science) study resultAbstrak: Keberadaan LKS IPA digunakan sebagai media untuk mengerjakan soal sekaligus sebagai sumber belajar. Penggunaannya masih belum efektif sebagai sarana pembelajaran, karena materi yang terdapat dalam LKS dirasa belum lengkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media LKS berbasis model take and give terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas V SD Negeri Jabung 1 Kec.Jabung Kab.Malang, dan besar pengaruh penggunaan media LKS berbasis model take and give. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian eksperimen dengan desain true experimental design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling . Sebagai populasi data, dipilih siswa kelas V SD Negeri Jabung 1 Kec.Jabung Kab.Malang tahun ajaran 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 44. Yang terpilih menjadi kelas eksperimen yaitu kelas VB dengan jumlah 23 siswa dan kelas kontrol yaitu kelas VA dengan jumlah 21 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan (1) pada uji hipotesis yang menggunakan uji t, hasilnya sebesar 0,032 dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Terlihat bahwa nilai Sig.(2-tailed) < 0,05 sehingga Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. (2) besar pengaruh penggunaan LKS berbasis model take and give terhadap hasil belajar IPA memberikan kontribusi sebesar 47,9% .Kata Kunci: Pengaruh, Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS), Take and Give, Hasil Belajar IPA

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