Design and Manufacture of Palm Nut/Fibre Separator

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 671-680
Author(s):  
A.C. Igboanugo ◽  
Godwin C. Ovuworie
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Fibre Mesh

Sorting of palm nuts from palm fruit cake, a byproduct obtained after palm oil has been extracted from the batch of digested palm fruit, is burdensome especially to small-scale entrepreneurs involved in palm oil processing business in Africa. This paper has triumphed over the perceived difficulties by using the knowledge of processing engineering to design pilot nut/fibre separator that can efficiently and speedily sort out nuts from nut/fibre mesh. Basic design considerations necessary to achieve reliability of the machine are discussed. Performance evaluation data from the machine obtained were related to its industrial correlate and, in particular, the van der Waerden Normal Scores test carried out inclined us to accept, at a p-value of 0.941, the null hypothesis of no significant difference in processing time between the pilot nut/fibre separator and its industrial counterpart.

Relationship of Psychological well-being with Depression and Anxiety among Heart Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3101-3102
Author(s):  
Babar Javaid ◽  
Abrar Ahmed ◽  
Gohar Ali Arshad ◽  
M Shoaib Akhtar ◽  
Shazia Taj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Heart Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The study was designed to investigate the relationship of psychological well-being with depression and anxiety among heart patients.1 For this purpose, a sample of 200 patients was taken, including 100 men and 100 women, educated uneducated, employed and unemployed volunteers. The sample was taken from Nishtar Hospital, Combined military hospital and other private hospitals in Multan. The age range from 25 to 60 (mean age 43.085).2,3 Objective: To observe the effect of demographic variables (age, education, gender and source of finance) on psychological well-being and depression, anxiety in heart patients. Methods: 1. Low psychological well-being would be positively correlated with depression and anxiety. 2. Older age (above 50) heart patients would have low sense of psychological well-being as compared to younger age (above 35) heart patients. Results: Different statistical procedures were used to determine the relationship of psychological well-being with depression and anxiety among heart patients. Correlation was computed to see the relationship among variables. It was found that there is negative correlation between psychological well-being with depression and anxiety. Since the p-value in less than α (p-value < 0.01), so we reject null hypothesis Ho, and conclude that low psychological well-being is positively correlated with depression and anxiety. Conclusion: This study also finds out important findings on the role of stresses, feeling of worthlessness in depression and anxiety disorder. It is concluded that psychological well-being, depression and anxiety are not significant correlated with each other. Source of income or job and sex of the heart patients have significant effect on psychological well being. However there is no significant difference between men and women regarding the rate of depression and anxiety. Keywords: P-Value, Correlation, Null Hypothesis , Depression

Design and Development of an Integrated Small-Scale Oil Palm Fruit Processing Mill

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 739-743
Author(s):  
C.O. Ilechie ◽  
A.O. Akii Ibhadode ◽  
B.O. Abikoye
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Fruit Processing

The oil palm (elaeis guneensis) is a very important economic crop in West Africa where it is native. The fruit bunch contains 23 to 30% oil and is the highest yielding of all vegetable oil crops. Palm oil is the second most important vegetable oil in world consumption and the first to be commercialized internationally. Africa and indeed Nigerian was the world’s highest producer of palm oil prior to 1961. Today, Nigeria is the fourth largest producer after Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. One of the main reasons given for this fall is lack of efficient mechanized processing equipment for the small-scale producers who produce over 80% of the country’s palm oil. Their methods of production are labour intensive, batch, tedious, inefficient, and produce poor quality oil, have low throughput, unable to extract palm kernel alongside palm oil and so productivity is low and products (palm oil and palm kernel) lack competitiveness. This work has developed a mechanized oil palm fruit processing mill with six fully integrated systems for extracting good quality palm oil and palm kernel, while utilizing process wastes as the main source of heat energy. Each system/unit is expected to operate at the best quoted system efficiency. Tests are ongoing to determine and confirm these efficiencies.

scholarly journals Characterization of lignocellulosic composition and residual lipids in empty fruit bunches from palm oil processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P.C. Volpi ◽  
R. G. Bastos ◽  
A. P.R. Badan ◽  
M. H.A. Santana ◽  
V. S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Palm Fruits ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Empty fruit bunches (EFBs) are an agro-industrial residue discarded in the environment when the fresh palm fruits are removed for oil extraction. EFBs are abundant in palm-oil-producing countries and cause environmental problems. Besides their content in lignocellulosic, EFBs also contain amounts of residual lipids from the separation process. Because the palm fruit has two main types of oil from the pulp (palm oil) or the seeds (kernal oil), the residual EFBs lipids may have different compositions. Thus, this work aimed at characterizing the lignocellulosic content and the residual lipids in two EFBs from different palm oil producers. The EFBs were classified as Type 1 and Type 2 according to their source. The results showed that Type 1 EFBs had higher lignocellulosic and fatty acid compositions, similar to palm and kernel oils, while Type 2 EFBs had lower lignocellulosic content and fatty acid composition, similar to palm oil.

Poverty among the small-scale plantation holders

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Khaled Saifullah ◽  
Fatimah Binti Kari ◽  
Azmah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the socio-economic condition of indigenous households involved in the production of palm oil and natural rubber in Peninsular Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Discriminant analysis is used in this study. Findings This study finds that 49.70 percent of natural rubber plantation owners and 37.3 percent of the palm oil plantation owners live under the national poverty line. Discriminant analysis shows that natural rubber plantation size has a significant difference between income below the poverty line and above the poverty line. But palm oil plantation size is not significantly different between income below and above the poverty line, mainly because small-scale palm oil farms receive help from the government and other agencies. This study also finds that the majority of indigenous people do not have ownership rights to their land. Practical implications This study suggests that small-scale plantation holders should be provided with training to upgrade their skills to increase productivity. Furthermore, finding an appropriate land ownership model helps to understand the fundamental issue of poverty among the small-scale plantation holder of indigenous people in Peninsular Malaysia. Originality/value Primary data are used in this study. The results show different scenarios than the existing studies.

scholarly journals Analysis of Geotagging Behavior: Do Geotagged Users Represent the Twitter Population?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Amir Karami ◽  
Rachana Redd Kadari ◽  
Lekha Panati ◽  
Siva Prasad Nooli ◽  
Harshini Bheemreddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Scale Data

Twitter’s APIs are now the main data source for social media researchers. A large number of studies have utilized Twitter data for diverse research interests. Twitter users can share their precise real-time location, and Twitter APIs can provide this information as longitude and latitude. These geotagged Twitter data can help to study human activities and movements for different applications. Compared to the mostly small-scale data samples in different domains, such as social science, collecting geotagged data offers large samples. There is a fundamental question whether geotagged users can represent non-geotagged users. While some studies have investigated the question from different perspectives, they did not investigate profile information and the contents of tweets of geotagged and non-geotagged users. This empirical study addresses this limitation by applying text mining, statistical analysis, and machine learning techniques on Twitter data comprising more than 88,000 users and over 170 million tweets. Our findings show that there is a significant difference (p-value < 0.001) between geotagged and non-geotagged users based on 73% of the features obtained from the users’ profiles and tweets. The features can also help to distinguish between geotagged and non-geotagged users with around 80% accuracy. This research illustrates that geotagged users do not represent the Twitter population.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Palm Oil Processing Business in Nigeria; A Feasibility Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 070-082 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ohimain Elijah ◽  
◽  
C. Izah Sylvester ◽  
A. Eretinghe Dorcas ◽  
I. Emeti Cletus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Oil Processing

scholarly journals Investigating the Potential of Radar Interferometry for Monitoring Rural Artisanal Cobalt Mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9834
Author(s):  
Chloe Brown ◽  
Anna Daniels ◽  
Doreen S. Boyd ◽  
Andrew Sowter ◽  
Giles Foody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Temporal Frequency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Impact

Greater awareness of the serious human rights abuses associated with the extraction and trade of cobalt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has applied increasing pressure for businesses to move towards more responsible and sustainable mineral sourcing. Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) activities in rural and remote locations may provide heightened opportunities to conceal the alleged human rights violations associated with mining, such as: hazardous working conditions, health impacts, child labour, child trafficking, and debt bondage. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of the Intermittent Small Baseline Subset (ISBAS) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) method, teamed with high temporal frequency Sentinel-1 imagery, for monitoring ASM activity in rural locations of the “Copperbelt”, the DRC. The results show that the ISBAS descriptive variables (mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum) were significantly different (p-value = ≤ 0.05) between mining and non-mining areas. Additionally, a significant difference was found for the ISBAS descriptive variables mean, standard deviation, and minimum between the different mine types (industrial, surface, and tunnels). As expected, a high level of subsidence (i.e., negative ISBAS pixel value) was a clear indicator of mine activity. Trial activity thresholds were set for the descriptive variables mean (-2.43 mm/yr) and minimum (-5.36 mm/yr) to explore an ISBAS approach to active mine identification. The study concluded that the ISBAS method has great potential as a monitoring tool for ASM, with the ability to separate mining and non-mining areas based on surface motion values, and further distinguish the different mine types (industrial, surface, and tunnel). Ground data collection and further development of ISBAS analysis needs to be made to fully understand the value of an ISBAS-based ASM monitoring system. In particular, surrounding the impact of seasonality relative to longer-term trends in ASM activity.

scholarly journals Infection and Expulsion Rate of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device After Post Caesarean Vs Interval Insertion

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 906-909
Author(s):  
Zille Hyder Syed ◽  
Maryam Matloob ◽  
Rubina Qasim ◽  
Wafa Najeeb
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
P Value ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Expulsion Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Aim: To compare the frequency of infection and expulsion following insertion of IUCD immediate post casarean to that of interval insertion in parturient undergoing elective caesarean section Method: This Randomized controlled trial was conducted from 21 February to 20th August 2010. Results: It was observed that in immediate post cesarean group(Group A) expulsion rate was 8.1% and infection rate 7.2% where as in interval insertion group(Group B) expulsion rate was 10.9%and infection rate was 9.0%. The difference of expulsion rate was statistically significant in two groups (p value 0.491) i.e expulsion rate was proven to be significantly higher in interval insertion group than immediate trans cesarean insertion group. The difference of infection rate was not statistically significant between two groups (p value 0.623) although infection rate was found to be higher in interval insertion group but not clinically significant difference was found. Conclusion: Null hypothesis was rejected for expulsion rate of IUCD and a statistically significant increased expulsion rate was found in interval insertion group as compared to immediate post cesarean insertion group. Null hypothesis was accepted for infection rate after IUCD placement in two groups as no statistically significant increased infection rate was found between immediate post cesarean and interval insertion groups Keywords: Expulsion rate, infection rate,immediate post cesarean insertion,interval insertion.

scholarly journals Integrasi sustainability dan MCDM untuk kelayakan teknologi sterilisasi pada pendirian pabrik CPO terintegrasi palm kernel oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Sawarni Hasibuan ◽  
Hermawan Thaheer
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches

In the palm oil processing, one of the most important stages is boiling the fresh fruit bunches or sterilization, because it greatly determines the yield and quality of the CPO produced. The purpose of this study was to analyze the selection of sterilizer technology by considering the sustainability factor. A case study was conducted at PTPN V which is planning to expand its production capacity. The data used in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires, interviews and field observations. Respondents of this study were stakeholders of the palm oil mill and PTPN V. This research combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. Qualitative analysis was conducted to describe the sterilization technology for processing fresh oil palm fruit bunches into CPO. Financial viability is evaluated based on the best sterilization technology recommendations. The results of the analysis recommend horizontal sterilized-indexer technology as a priority, followed by vertical sterilization technology and continuous sterilization technology. By paying attention to the sustainability criteria, the PKS design is integrated with PKO. This integration has implications for energy efficiency, kernel transportation, other utility facilities, and even a number of work units and personnel. The investment for the construction of PKS with a capacity of 45 tons/hour using horizontal-indexer sterilization technology requires a fund of IDR 170.8 billion were declared feasible with an IRR of 26.64%, a positive NPV, a B/C ratio of 2.23, and a PBP of 6 years and 5 months. The results of the sensitivity analysis to the assumption of an increase in production costs of 6 percent have not changed the recommendation, as well as a decrease in factory processing capacity by 6 percent.

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