The Influence of AlkaliTreatment and Compatibilizer Addition on the Tensile Properties and Water Absorption Behavior of Polypropylene/Kenaf Fiber Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razaina Mat Taib ◽  
Nurul Mujahidah Ahmad Khairuddin ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Kenaf Fiber

Composites of polypropylene (PP) and kenaf fiber (KF) were immersed in water at room temperature. The fiber was treated with alkaline solution. A compatibilizer, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was added in some composite formulations. Composite with alkali treated fibers (KFA) showed similar tensile strength but lower tensile modulus than the composite with untreated fiber, KF. Addition of MAPP was crucial to improve the tensile properties and water resistance of either PP/KF or PP/KFA composites. Alkali treatment adversely affected the water absorption behavior of PP/KF composite.

The Effect of Alkaline Treatment on Water Absorption and Tensile Properties of Non-Woven Kenaf Polyester Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakaria Mohd Nazarudin ◽  
Jamaluddin Mohd Ariff ◽  
Masitah Abu Kassim ◽  
Nur Shafiqah Othman ◽  
Othman Maizatulnisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Woven Kenaf

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of alkali treatment on water absorption and tensile properties of non-woven kenaf polyester composite. Kenaf fiber mat was treated with 2, 4 and 6% of different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration. The composite was fabricated using compression molding technique. It was found that treatment reduced the overall water uptake of composites. The 6% treated fibre composite was greater in moisture resistance as compared to untreated. The tensile strength of the composites was substantially improved after alkali treatment, and it was similar with the tensile modulus.

scholarly journals Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Cyclic Immersion on Tensile Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Haniffah ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
K. Abdan ◽  
M. Khalid ◽  
M. Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Cycles

This research studied the degradation of tensile properties of kenaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites due to cyclic immersion into two different solutions, as well as comparison of the developed composites’ tensile properties under continuous and cyclic immersion. Composites with 40% and 60% fibre loadings were immersed in tap water and bleach for 4 cycles. Each cycle consisted of 3 days of immersion and 4 days of conditioning in room temperature (28°C and 55% humidity). The tensile strength and modulus of composites were affected by fibre composition, type of liquid of immersion, and number of cycles. The number of immersion cycles and conditioning caused degradation to tensile strength and modulus of kenaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Continuous and cyclic immersion in bleach caused tensile strength of the composites to differ significantly whereas, for tensile modulus, the difference was insignificant in any immersion and fibre loadings. However, continuous immersion in the bleach reduced the tensile strength of composites more compared to cyclic immersion. These preliminary results suggest further evaluation of the suitability of kenaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites for potential bathroom application where the composites will be exposed to water/liquid in cyclic manner due to discontinuous usage of bathroom.

Tensile Properties of Clay/Polypropylene Nanocomposites at Cryogenic Temperature

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
S. Mohammad Reza Khalili ◽  
Neda Soleimani ◽  
Reza Eslami Farsani ◽  
Ziba Hedayatnasab
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Polypropylene Nanocomposites ◽  
Pp Composites ◽  
Compatibilizing Agent

In this paper, the polypropylene (PP)nanocomposites containing 1, 3 and 5 wt % of nanoclay particles are prepared via direct melt mixing in the presence of maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP-g-MA) as compatibilizing agent. PP-g-MA is known to facilitate the dispersion of clay particles in a nonpolar PP matrix and to increase the adhesion between PP and the clay particles.The effect of different nanoclay contents on the PP composites are investigated for tensile characterization at both room temperature(RT) and cryogenic temperature (CT).The results showed that the cryogenic tensile strength, Young’s modulus, percentage of displacement at break and the energy absorptionat cryogenic temperature are all enhanced ascompared to the neat PP by the addition of clay at appropriate contents

The Influence of Alkali Treatments on Tensile Strength and Surface Morphology of Cellulose Microfibrils

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Sosiati ◽  
Henny Pratiwi ◽  
Dwi Astuti Wijayanti ◽  
Soekrisno
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Cellulose microfibrils were extracted from kenaf fiber by alkali treatments under various conditions to further characterize their properties and verify the factors which induce fiber degradation. Before treatment, the surface morphologies of the base, middle and tip of the raw fiber were observed. The tensile strength of untreated and treated fibers was measured with a universal tensile machine (UTM). Changes in surface morphologies of cellulose microfibrils were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the functional group related to cellulosic and non-cellulosic phases. Surface morphology of the middle of the fiber was denser and stronger than that of the periphery and therefore used to define an initial condition of fiber specimen. Alkali treatment in 6% NaOH at room temperature for 1 h increased the tensile strength of the microfibril; 9% NaOH at 100°C for 2 h results in a marked decrease. Damage to the fiber surface and loss of crystallinity were associated with decreased tensile strength.

Alkali Treatment of Kenaf Fiber Mat and its Influence on the Performance of Unsaturated Polyester/Kenaf Fiber Mat Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razaina Mat Taib ◽  
Dody Ariawan ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Needle Punching ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Treated Fiber

Non-woven kenaf fiber mats were prepared from untreated and alkali treated fibers by using a carding machine followed by needle punching. The alkali treatment was carried out by immersing the fiber mats in 6% NaOH solution for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h at room temperature. The untreated and alkali treated fiber mats were impregnated with unsaturated polyester resin via a resin transfer molding technique to form composites. Maximum improvements of flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites were observed when the fiber mat was alkali treated for 3 h. The improved of both properties can be attributed to better fiber-matrix adhesion between the alkali treated kenaf fiber and the unsaturated polyester matrix most probably via mechanical interlocking. Water absorption tests were conducted by immersing the composite samples in distilled water at room temperature. The water absorption patterns of all the composites were found to follow Fickian behavior. The tendency of the composites to absorb water decreased when the alkali treated fiber mats were used.

Effects of Thermal Cycling and Freezing after Water Absorption on Tensile Properties of Green Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 961-964
Author(s):  
Hyojin Kim ◽  
Masataka Sakiyama ◽  
Kenichi Takemura
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Thermal Fatigue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
The Matrix

The effects of thermal cycling and freezing after water absorption on tensile properties of green composites were examined. Jute fiber and matrix were used as the reinforcement and the matrix. The thermal fatigue was conducted as a fatigue test. Heating and freezing process are performed alternately for 0.5h, 1h and 24h during 10 cycles, heating and freezing temperature were 60 and -20 . In a freezing after water absorption, the damage by an expansion of water was examined. The freezing after the water absorption during 1-5 days was performed in a day under the environment of -20 . In thermal cycling, tensile strength and modulus were significantly decreased as the time passes. In 24h-treated test, the decrease rates of tensile strength and modulus were about 50 % compared with that of room temperature. In freezing after water absorption, tensile strength and modulus were decrease compared with that of the room temperature.

The Residual Tensile Properties after Impact of CFRP with Different Porosities

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2085-2088
Author(s):  
A Ying Zhang ◽  
Dong Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Impact Tests

The effects of voids on the residual tensile strength after impact of CFRP laminates were discussed in this paper. Impact tests on the CFRP laminates with two porosity levels were conducted at five impact energy levels of 3J, 6J, 9J, 12J and 15J at the room temperature. The tensile strength and the tensile modulus of non-impacted specimens decreased 0.67% and 0.086% with the porosity increasing from 0.33% to 0.71%. Compared to non-impact specimens, the residual tensile strength after impact (TAI) and tensile modulus after impact significantly decrease with increasing impact energy. The void contents had the negative effects on the residual tensile strength after impact and tensile modulus after impact of the specimens at the same impact energy.

Water Absorption and Tensile Strength of Coconut Filter Fibers/Polypropylene Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 702 ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P.G. Suardana ◽  
I. Putu Lokantara ◽  
Y.J. Piao ◽  
J.K. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Untreated Fiber ◽  
Treated Fiber

In this study, we evaluated water absorption and tensile properties of coconut filter fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. The fibers were subjected to various immersion times for 0.5, 1, and 3 h in 0.5 % acrylic acid solution at room temperature and 0.5 h at 70 oC. The treated fibers were used as reinforcement of polypropylene composites. Water absorption of treated fiber composites was lower than those of untreated fiber composite. Boiling in water significantly affect water absorption rate of the composites. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of treated fiber are higher than untreated fiber. They show a decrease in tendency when the immersion time increased. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of composites with AA-treated at 70 oC fiber are the highest.

scholarly journals Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Single-Cellulosic Bamboo Fiber Strips after Alkali Treatment

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Adel Salih ◽  
Rozli Zulkifli ◽  
Che Husna Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Cellulosic Fiber

The study systematically explored the effect of alkali concentration and soaking time on the microstructure and tensile properties of single-cellulosic Buluh Semantan. Scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests were conducted to determine the effects of different alkali treatments on the properties of the single-cellulosic bamboo fibers. In particular, the effects of NaOH concentration and soaking time on the tensile properties of the single-cellulosic bamboo fiber were investigated. The single-cellulosic bamboo fiber was immersed in 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.% aqueous NaOH solutions for soaking times of 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. The tensile properties of the fiber increased after each alkali treatment. The alkali concentration and soaking time significantly affected the fiber properties. The ultimate tensile strength of the single-cellulosic Buluh Semantan treated with 2 wt.% NaOH for 12 h decreased to 214 MPa relative to the fibers that experienced water retting. The highest tensile strength herein was 356.8 MPa for the single-cellulosic fiber that was soaked for 12 h in 4 wt.% NaOH. Comparatively, the tensile strength of the single-cellulosic bamboo fiber that was soaked for 12 h in 8 wt.% NaOH was 234.8 MPa. The tensile modulus of the single-cellulosic fiber was 12.06 GPa after soaking in 8 wt.% NaOH for 18 h, indicating that a strong alkali treatment negatively affected the stiffness and suitability for use of the fibers in applications. The topography of the fiber surface became much rougher after the alkali treatments due to the removal of hemicellulose and other surface impurities. The alkali treatments substantially changed the morphology of the fiber surface, suggesting an increase in wettability.

Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk Biocomposites: Effect of Maleated Polypropylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koay Seong Chun ◽  
Salmah Husseinsyah ◽  
Hakimah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Matrix Interaction ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk (PP/CPH) biocomposites with different maleated polypropylene (MAPP) content were prepared via melt blending process using Brabender Plastrograph mixer. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of PP/CPH biocomposites increased with increasing of MAPP content. The PP/CPH biocomposites with 5 phr of MAPP showed the optimum improvement on tensile properties. However, the increased of MAPP content reduced the elongation at break of PP/CPH biocomposites. At 5 phr of MAPP content, PP/CPH biocomposites showed lowest elongation at break. Scanning electron microscope confirms the PP/CPH biocomposites with MAPP have better filler-matrix interaction and adhesion due to the effect of MAPP.

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