scholarly journals Tensile Properties and Microstructure of Single-Cellulosic Bamboo Fiber Strips after Alkali Treatment

Fibers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Adel Salih ◽  
Rozli Zulkifli ◽  
Che Husna Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Cellulosic Fiber

The study systematically explored the effect of alkali concentration and soaking time on the microstructure and tensile properties of single-cellulosic Buluh Semantan. Scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests were conducted to determine the effects of different alkali treatments on the properties of the single-cellulosic bamboo fibers. In particular, the effects of NaOH concentration and soaking time on the tensile properties of the single-cellulosic bamboo fiber were investigated. The single-cellulosic bamboo fiber was immersed in 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.% aqueous NaOH solutions for soaking times of 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. The tensile properties of the fiber increased after each alkali treatment. The alkali concentration and soaking time significantly affected the fiber properties. The ultimate tensile strength of the single-cellulosic Buluh Semantan treated with 2 wt.% NaOH for 12 h decreased to 214 MPa relative to the fibers that experienced water retting. The highest tensile strength herein was 356.8 MPa for the single-cellulosic fiber that was soaked for 12 h in 4 wt.% NaOH. Comparatively, the tensile strength of the single-cellulosic bamboo fiber that was soaked for 12 h in 8 wt.% NaOH was 234.8 MPa. The tensile modulus of the single-cellulosic fiber was 12.06 GPa after soaking in 8 wt.% NaOH for 18 h, indicating that a strong alkali treatment negatively affected the stiffness and suitability for use of the fibers in applications. The topography of the fiber surface became much rougher after the alkali treatments due to the removal of hemicellulose and other surface impurities. The alkali treatments substantially changed the morphology of the fiber surface, suggesting an increase in wettability.

The Influence of AlkaliTreatment and Compatibilizer Addition on the Tensile Properties and Water Absorption Behavior of Polypropylene/Kenaf Fiber Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razaina Mat Taib ◽  
Nurul Mujahidah Ahmad Khairuddin ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Kenaf Fiber

Composites of polypropylene (PP) and kenaf fiber (KF) were immersed in water at room temperature. The fiber was treated with alkaline solution. A compatibilizer, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was added in some composite formulations. Composite with alkali treated fibers (KFA) showed similar tensile strength but lower tensile modulus than the composite with untreated fiber, KF. Addition of MAPP was crucial to improve the tensile properties and water resistance of either PP/KF or PP/KFA composites. Alkali treatment adversely affected the water absorption behavior of PP/KF composite.

Effect of alkali treatment on physical and mechanical properties of bamboo short fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543
Author(s):  
Suhas Yeshwant Nayak ◽  
K. Rajath Shenoy ◽  
Rashmi Samant ◽  
Praneeth P. Sarvade ◽  
Satish Shenoy B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Short Fibers ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Naoh Solution

Bamboo (Arundinaria clarkei) short fibers were treated with 6% conc. NaoH solution for five different durations viz. 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h and 24 h. Effect on physical properties like diameter and density were studied. Fibers were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to study the effect of alkali treatment on its surface characteristics. Single fiber tensile tests were conducted to assess the tensile strength of the fibers. Comparative study of the SEM micrographs indicated removal of outer layer with the surface irregularities becoming more prominent with increasing duration. The fiber surface was scanned using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) to quantify the increase in surface roughness with alkali treatment. Tests results showed positive effect on the strength till 6 h beyond which the tensile strength was observed to reduce. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results indicated reduction in content of holocellulose along with hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose which explains the variation in tensile strength with increasing duration of treatment.

Effect of Alkali Treatment on the Tensile Behavior and Structure of Betel Nut (Areca catechu) Husk Fiber

2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
L. Yusriah ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
E.S. Zainudin ◽  
Jaafar Mustapha Mariatti
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Tensile Behavior ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Areca Catechu

The tensile properties of untreated and alkali treated betel nut husk fiber were investigated using single fiber tensile test method and the fiber structures were observed using SEM technique. The alkali treatment aids in the removal of lignin, hemicellullose and non-cellulosic components such as wax and pectin on the betel nut husk fiber surface, which yields bigger lumen size and rougher betel nut husk fiber surface. The alkali treatment enhanced the elongation at break of betel nut husk fiber but at the expense of tensile strength and Young's modulus.

scholarly journals Improvement in Mechanical Properties of Cantala Fiber and Short Cantala/Recycled High-Density Polyethylene Composite through Chemical Treatment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijang Wisnu Raharjo ◽  
Rudy Soenoko ◽  
Yudy Surya Irawan ◽  
Agus Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Polyethylene Composite ◽  
Treated Fiber

The improvement of mechanical properties of cantala fiber and its composites. Treatments including alkali, silane, and the combination of both were carried out to modify the fiber surface. The influence of chemical treatments on fiber properties such as the degree of crystallinity and tensile strength was investigated. A variety of short cantala fiber reinforced rHDPE composites were produced by hot press, and the effect of fiber treatment on the flexural strength of composites was observed. SEM observations also carried out to highlight these changes. The result shows that alkali treatment improves tensile strength and tensile modulus of alkali treated fiber (NF12) which was predicted as a result of the enhancement of the cellulose crystallinity. In contrast, the tensile strength and tensile modulus of silane (SF05) and alkali-silane treated fiber (NSF05) decreased compared to untreated fiber (UF) which is caused by the addition of amorphous material. The tensile strength of alkali-silane treated fiber (NSF05) was lower than alkali treated fiber (NF12), but the composites prepared with NSF05 showed the highest increment of flexural strength of 25.9%. This may be due the combination of alkali and silane treatment helped in the better formation of fiber-matrix interface adhesion.

A Preliminary Study: Influence of Alkali Treatment on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Agel Leaf Fiber (Corypha gebanga)

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendri Hestiawan ◽  
Jamasri ◽  
Kusmono
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Removal Of Impurities

The aim of this research is to investigate the alkali treatment influence on tensile strength physical and mechanical properties of agel leaf fibers (ALF). The presence of surface impurities and the large amount of hydroxyl groups make plant fibers less attractive for polymeric materials reinforcement. ALF were subjected to alkali treatments with 2 and 4% NaOH solutions for different soaking times of 1, 12, and 24 hours at room temperature. The tensile test of single fiber was done according to ASTM D3379-75 standard. The chemical changes and the fiber surface after alkali treatment were investigated by using Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Tensile tests showed the alkali treatment of ALF results in different tensile strength compared to untreated ALF. The highest tensile strength (1464 MPa) is found for ALF immersed in 4% NaOH for 1 hour. FTIR showed that the hemicellulose and lignin components in the ALF are removed by NaOH treatment. SEM observation of the treated ALF showed the removal of impurities and the increase of roughness on the ALF surface with alkalization. These results show that alkali treatment can increase the tensile strength of ALF.

scholarly journals Influence of Mechanical Vibration Moulding Process on the Tensile Properties of TiC Reinforced LM6 Alloy Composite Castings

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 1207-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Sayuti ◽  
Shamsuddin Sulaiman ◽  
B.T. Hang Tuah Baharudin ◽  
M.K.A.M. Arifin ◽  
T.R. Vijayaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Titanium Carbide ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Particulate Reinforced

Vibrational moulding process has a remarkable effect on the properties of castings during solidification processing of metals, alloys, and composites. This research paper discusses on the investigation of mechanical vibration mould effects on the tensile properties of titanium carbide particulate reinforced LM6 aluminium alloy composites processed with the frequencies of 10.2 Hz, 12 Hz and 14 Hz. In this experimental work, titanium carbide particulate reinforced LM6 composites were fabricated by carbon dioxide sand moulding process. The quantities of titanium carbide particulate added as reinforcement in the LM6 alloy matrix were varied from 0.2% to 2% by weight fraction. Samples taken from the castings and tensile tests were conducted to determine the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The results showed that tensile strength of the composites increased with an increase in the frequency of vibration and increasing titanium carbide particulate reinforcement in the LM6 alloy matrix.

Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk Biocomposites: Effect of Maleated Polypropylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koay Seong Chun ◽  
Salmah Husseinsyah ◽  
Hakimah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Matrix Interaction ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk (PP/CPH) biocomposites with different maleated polypropylene (MAPP) content were prepared via melt blending process using Brabender Plastrograph mixer. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of PP/CPH biocomposites increased with increasing of MAPP content. The PP/CPH biocomposites with 5 phr of MAPP showed the optimum improvement on tensile properties. However, the increased of MAPP content reduced the elongation at break of PP/CPH biocomposites. At 5 phr of MAPP content, PP/CPH biocomposites showed lowest elongation at break. Scanning electron microscope confirms the PP/CPH biocomposites with MAPP have better filler-matrix interaction and adhesion due to the effect of MAPP.

scholarly journals The effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) / chloroprene rubber (CR) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the silica-filled NR/CR blends as a non-toxic rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the silica-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength at a 1.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling measurement proved that the 1.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the silica-filled NR/CR blends.

scholarly journals Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites: Effect of Cyclic Immersion on Tensile Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Haniffah ◽  
S. M. Sapuan ◽  
K. Abdan ◽  
M. Khalid ◽  
M. Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Cycles

This research studied the degradation of tensile properties of kenaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites due to cyclic immersion into two different solutions, as well as comparison of the developed composites’ tensile properties under continuous and cyclic immersion. Composites with 40% and 60% fibre loadings were immersed in tap water and bleach for 4 cycles. Each cycle consisted of 3 days of immersion and 4 days of conditioning in room temperature (28°C and 55% humidity). The tensile strength and modulus of composites were affected by fibre composition, type of liquid of immersion, and number of cycles. The number of immersion cycles and conditioning caused degradation to tensile strength and modulus of kenaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Continuous and cyclic immersion in bleach caused tensile strength of the composites to differ significantly whereas, for tensile modulus, the difference was insignificant in any immersion and fibre loadings. However, continuous immersion in the bleach reduced the tensile strength of composites more compared to cyclic immersion. These preliminary results suggest further evaluation of the suitability of kenaf fibre reinforced polypropylene composites for potential bathroom application where the composites will be exposed to water/liquid in cyclic manner due to discontinuous usage of bathroom.

scholarly journals Effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon-black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 12006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

By using a semi-efficient sulphur vulcanisation system, the effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon black (CB)-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds were investigated. The ALK was prepared from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin and diethanolamine and added into the CB-filled SBR compounds. The ALK loadings were 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that ALK decreased the scorch and cure times of the CB-filled SBR compounds. ALK also improved the tensile modulus and tensile strength; especially up to a 5.0 phr of loading. The crosslink density measurement proved that the 5.0 phr of ALK exhibited the highest degree of crosslink density which caused the highest in tensile modulus and tensile strength. Due to its plasticity effect, ALK increased the elongation at break of the CB-filled SBR vulcanisates.

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