The Influence of Alkali Treatments on Tensile Strength and Surface Morphology of Cellulose Microfibrils

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Sosiati ◽  
Henny Pratiwi ◽  
Dwi Astuti Wijayanti ◽  
Soekrisno
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Degradation ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Cellulose microfibrils were extracted from kenaf fiber by alkali treatments under various conditions to further characterize their properties and verify the factors which induce fiber degradation. Before treatment, the surface morphologies of the base, middle and tip of the raw fiber were observed. The tensile strength of untreated and treated fibers was measured with a universal tensile machine (UTM). Changes in surface morphologies of cellulose microfibrils were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the functional group related to cellulosic and non-cellulosic phases. Surface morphology of the middle of the fiber was denser and stronger than that of the periphery and therefore used to define an initial condition of fiber specimen. Alkali treatment in 6% NaOH at room temperature for 1 h increased the tensile strength of the microfibril; 9% NaOH at 100°C for 2 h results in a marked decrease. Damage to the fiber surface and loss of crystallinity were associated with decreased tensile strength.

The Influence of AlkaliTreatment and Compatibilizer Addition on the Tensile Properties and Water Absorption Behavior of Polypropylene/Kenaf Fiber Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razaina Mat Taib ◽  
Nurul Mujahidah Ahmad Khairuddin ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Kenaf Fiber

Composites of polypropylene (PP) and kenaf fiber (KF) were immersed in water at room temperature. The fiber was treated with alkaline solution. A compatibilizer, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was added in some composite formulations. Composite with alkali treated fibers (KFA) showed similar tensile strength but lower tensile modulus than the composite with untreated fiber, KF. Addition of MAPP was crucial to improve the tensile properties and water resistance of either PP/KF or PP/KFA composites. Alkali treatment adversely affected the water absorption behavior of PP/KF composite.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perlakukan Alkali terhadap Sifat Fisik, dan Mekanik Serat Kulit Buah Pinang

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Cokorda putri Kusuma kencanawati ◽  
I Ketut Gede Sugita ◽  
NPG Suardana ◽  
I Wayan Budiasa Suyasa
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Wax Content

Makalah ini menganalisis pengaruh perlakukan alkali dan tanpa perlakukan alkali terhadap karakateristik fisik, morfologi dan sifat mekanik serat kulit buah pinang (areca Catechu L.). Selama ini pemanfaatan limbah pertanian belum dilakukan secara maksimal, sehingga dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan. Serat kulit buah pinang (Areca Husk Fiber/AHF) selama ini hanya dipergunakan sebagai bahan bakar biomassa dan media tanam sedangkan untuk pemanfaatan lain belum ada sama sekali. AHF diberi perlakukan NaOH 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan 10% dengan waktu perendaman 2 jam pada temperatur kamar, untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik AHF maka dilakukan pengukuran panjang dan diameter serat, pengujian densitas, pengujian kadar air dan moisture sedangkan untuk mengetahui karakteristik mekanik dilakukan pengujian tarik serat tunggal sesuai dengan ASTM D 3379. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa diameter AHF mengalami pengurangan diameter akibat perlakukan alkali, hal ini terkait dengan hilangnya kandungan lignin, pektin dan wax. Densitas AHF menurun dengan meningkatan prosentase NaOH bila dibandingkan dengan AHF tanpa perlakukan NaOH. Kekuatan tarik bervariasi dengan adanya perlakuan alkali.  Kekuatan tarik AHF tertinggi pada serat yang mengalami perlakukan NaOH 5% yaitu sebesar 165 Mpa dan kekuatan tarik terendah pada AHF dengan perlakuan Alkali 10% yaitu sebesar 137 MPa . This paper analyzes the effect of alkali and non-alkali treatments on the physical characteristics, morphology and mechanical properties of betel nut huks fiber (areca Catechu L.). the used of agricultural waste has not been done optimally, causing environmental pollution. Areca Husk Fiber (AHF) only used as biomass fuel and planting medium, while for the other uses it has not existed. AHF was given 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% NaOH treatment with 2 hours immersion at room temperature, to known the physical characteristics of AHF then measured the length and diameter of fiber, density test, water content and moisture test. Mechanical characteristics of single fiber tensile testing in accordance with ASTM D 3379. From this study that known the diameter of AHF has a reduction in diameter due to alkaline treatment, this is related to loss of lignin, pectin and wax content. The density of AHF decreases with the percentage increase of NaOH when compared with AHF without the treatment of NaOH. Tensile strength varies with alkaline treatment. The highest AHF tensile strength in treated fibers was 5% NaOH of 165 Mpa and lowest tensile strength in AHF with 10% Alkali treatment of 137 MPa.

scholarly journals Research on surface morphology of polyaniline film affecting NH3 gas sensor efficiency at room temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Quoc Vuong Luyen ◽  
◽  
Van Dan Bui ◽  
Trong Nghia Nguyen ◽  
Thi Hien Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Pani Film ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, the authors presented some research results on the various surface morphologies of polyaniline (PANi) film, directly synthesised on Pt/SiO2interdigitated microelectrode area by electrochemical method. Theoutcomes of surface morphology and chemical composition structure analysis of PANi film were studied by Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), respectively. The PANi film was fabricated with the nanowires (NWs) form with their diameter from 50÷100 nm. The length of several micrometers depends on aniline concentration and synthesis condition. The obtained consequences demonstrated that the PANi - NWs are fully potential objects for the detection of NH3gas at room temperature.

Impact of Alkali Treatment Conditions on Kenaf Fiber Polyester Composite Tensile Strength

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Yussni Hashim ◽  
Mohd Nazrul Roslan ◽  
Shahruddin Mahzan ◽  
Mohd Zin ◽  
Saparudin Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
The Impact

The increase of environmental issues awareness has accelerated the utilization of renewable resources like plant fiber to be used as reinforced material in polymer composite. However, there are significant problems of compatibility between the fiber and the matrix due to weakness in the interfacial adhesion of the natural fiber with the synthetic matrices. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is using chemical modification like alkali treatment. In this study, the impact of alkali treatment conditions on short randomly oriented kenaf fiber reinforced polyester matrix composite tensile strength was investigated. The experimental design setting was based on 2 level factorial experiments. Two parameters were selected during alkali treatment process which are kenaf fiber immersion duration (at 30 minute and 480 minute) and alkali solution temperature (at 40°C and 80°C). Alkali concentration was fixed at 2% (w/v) and the kenaf polyester volume fraction ratio was 10:90. The composite specimens were tested to determine the tensile properties according to ASTM D638-10 Type I. JOEL scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the microstructure of the material. The result showed that alkali treatment conditions setting do have the impact on tensile strength of short randomly oriented kenaf polyester composite. The interaction factors between immersion time and temperature was found to have prominent factors to the tensile strength of composite followed by the immersion time factor.

Alkali Treatment of Kenaf Fiber Mat and its Influence on the Performance of Unsaturated Polyester/Kenaf Fiber Mat Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razaina Mat Taib ◽  
Dody Ariawan ◽  
Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Needle Punching ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Treated Fiber

Non-woven kenaf fiber mats were prepared from untreated and alkali treated fibers by using a carding machine followed by needle punching. The alkali treatment was carried out by immersing the fiber mats in 6% NaOH solution for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h at room temperature. The untreated and alkali treated fiber mats were impregnated with unsaturated polyester resin via a resin transfer molding technique to form composites. Maximum improvements of flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites were observed when the fiber mat was alkali treated for 3 h. The improved of both properties can be attributed to better fiber-matrix adhesion between the alkali treated kenaf fiber and the unsaturated polyester matrix most probably via mechanical interlocking. Water absorption tests were conducted by immersing the composite samples in distilled water at room temperature. The water absorption patterns of all the composites were found to follow Fickian behavior. The tendency of the composites to absorb water decreased when the alkali treated fiber mats were used.

Effects of Fiber Surface Morphology on Fiber/Matrix Interfacial Tensile Strength

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (0) ◽  
pp. 107-108
Author(s):  
Masaru Yamamoto ◽  
Satoshi Kobayashi ◽  
Shuichi Wakayama
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Fiber Matrix

Mechanical Properties of 5052 Al Alloy Processed by Groove Pressing

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1831-1835
Author(s):  
Kai Huai Yang ◽  
Na Lin ◽  
Shao Feng Zeng ◽  
Wen Zhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Fracture Mode ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Fracture Surface Morphology ◽  
Annealed State

Three groups of commercial 5052 Al alloy sheets were subjected to groove pressing (GP) at room temperature using parallel GP, 180° cross GP and 90° cross GP, respectively. Mechanical properties and fracture modes of as-annealed and GPed samples were investigated. The microhardness of the samples processed by parallel GP increases by a factor of about 1.6 compared to the as-annealed state, and that of the samples processed by cross GP is higher. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increases significantly after GP, while the elongation decreases. But they are strongly dependence on the number of GP passes and the pressing modes. Besides, fracture surface morphology demonstrates that the fracture mode is ductile even after four passes. With increasing the number of GP pass, the amount of small dimples increases, and the dimples become shallow and more uniform.

Interfacial Shear, Tensile Strength and Young Modulus of Kenaf Fiber: The Effects from Different Settings of Alkali Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 791 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Mohd Yussni Hashim ◽  
Azriszul Mohd Amin ◽  
Omar Mohd Faizan Marwah ◽  
Mohd Hilmi Othman ◽  
Muhammad Akmal Johar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Treatment Settings

The project explained about what happened to fiber matrix interfacial shear strength, fiber tensile strength and fiber Young modulus when different alkali treatment settings were applied. Kenaf fiber were exposed to different alkali concentration, immersion duration and immersion temperature. To determine the interfacial shear strength (IFSS), unsaturated polyester matrix was utilised to expose the properties. The effects of alkali treatment on sample mechanical properties were successfully evaluated, whereby the treated sample's IFSS showed slightly higher value compared to untreated kenaf fiber at all settings. Meanwhile, the IFSS value was increased at low alkali concentration and decreased with the increment of alkali concentration percentage. On the other hand, untreated kenaf fiber tensile strength and Young modulus average value was 632MPa and 40.65GPa respectively. It was also established that the sample's tensile strength was keep reducing after treatment at all settings. At 30 minutes constant immersion duration, the percentage of kenaf fiber tensile strength decrement was 42.57% when other treatment settings increased. Furthermore, a decline pattern was obtained in term of sample tensile strength and Young modulus when the alkali treatment increased at all settings.

Characteristics on Treated Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muslimin Husin ◽  
Mohammad Sukri Mustapa ◽  
Md. Saidin Wahab ◽  
Ahmad Mubarak Tajul Arifin ◽  
Reventheran A.L. Ganasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Composition Ratio ◽  
Tensile Performance ◽  
Test Press

Nowadays natural fiber and polymer matrix are being extensively used as alternatives in producing furniture like ceiling, floor and etc. to fulfill society demand instead of environmental friendly and saving cost. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent for reinforcement between kenaf fiber (KF) and polypropylene (PP). The ratio of MAPP between 3% and 5% was observed to determine which composition ratio is better. The tensile strength for both 30% KF and 40% KF was treated through the alkali treatment process with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP/KF) composites were melt blended and then used hydraulic molding test press machine for characterization to observe their tensile strengths by measuring their threshold. Tensile test was carried out to determine the tensile stresses of the composite at the best composition ratio of kenaf fiber that are 30% KF and 40% KF instead of MAPP ratio. The result shows 40% KF (5% MAPP) lead to better tensile performance compared to 40% KF (3% MAPP), 30% KF (5% MAPP) and 30% KF (3% MAPP). Meanwhile, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the morphological comparison between untreated KF and treated KF as well as PP/KF. The good interfacial bonding between KF and PP was 5% MAPP rather than 3% MAPP due to the optimum strength received. Overall 5% MAPP with 40% PP/KF had shown the best result compared to others with the estimated tensile strength value of 21.38 MPa.

The Effect of Alkali Treatment Mechanical Properties of Kenaf Fiber Epoxy Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad A. Mutasher ◽  
Adrian Poh ◽  
Aaron Mark Than ◽  
Justin Law
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Kenaf Fibre ◽  
Fibre Composites ◽  
The Impact

Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is an encouraging scientific research into the development of cheaper, more environmentally friendly and sustainable construction and packaging materials. Kenaf fibre is a natural fibre which is growing in popularity due environmental issues and its properties as filler. Epoxy is a versatile thermosetting polymer which has a low curing temperature and used in making carbon fibre and glass composites. In this paper the properties of kenaf bast fibre epoxy reinforced composite have been investigated. The effects of alkali surface treatment of the fiber on the composite properties are also investigated. A hand layup method was use to fabricate the test specimens. Generally, all the treated fibre composites performed better than the untreated fibre with an improvement approximately 5% to 10%. Epoxy has the highest tensile strength and flexural strength among all specimens. The 24wt% treated kenaf fibre composites has the highest tensile strength, 27.72MPa and flexural strength, 56.91MPa. The kenaf fiber weight fraction of 40% gave the highest impact strength. The impact strength of the 40wt% kenaf fiber increased 14.3% after alkali treatment.

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