PCL and PCL/PLA Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration

2013 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Patrício ◽  
Antonio Gloria ◽  
Paulo J. Bártolo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Printing System

This paper investigates the use of PCL and PCL/PLA scaffolds, produced using a novel additive biomanufacturing system called BioCell Printing, for bone tissue engineering applications. Results show that the BioCell Printing system produces scaffolds with regular and reproducible architecture, presenting no toxicity and enhancing cell attachment and proliferation. It was also possible to observe that the addition of PLA to PCL scaffolds strongly improves the biomechanical performance of the constructs.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Polycaprolactone/Gelatin/Bacterial Cellulose/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Cakmak ◽  
Semra Unal ◽  
Ali Sahin ◽  
Faik N. Oktar ◽  
Mustafa Sengor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Degradation Rates

Three-dimensional (3D) printing application is a promising method for bone tissue engineering. For enhanced bone tissue regeneration, it is essential to have printable composite materials with appealing properties such as construct porous, mechanical strength, thermal properties, controlled degradation rates, and the presence of bioactive materials. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL), gelatin (GEL), bacterial cellulose (BC), and different hydroxyapatite (HA) concentrations were used to fabricate a novel PCL/GEL/BC/HA composite scaffold using 3D printing method for bone tissue engineering applications. Pore structure, mechanical, thermal, and chemical analyses were evaluated. 3D scaffolds with an ideal pore size (~300 µm) for use in bone tissue engineering were generated. The addition of both bacterial cellulose (BC) and hydroxyapatite (HA) into PCL/GEL scaffold increased cell proliferation and attachment. PCL/GEL/BC/HA composite scaffolds provide a potential for bone tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Bone Tissue Regeneration in the Oral and Maxillofacial Region: A Review on the Application of Stem Cells and New Strategies to Improve Vascularization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Wu ◽  
Marco N. Helder ◽  
Nathalie Bravenboer ◽  
Christiaan M. ten Bruggenkate ◽  
Jianfeng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Region ◽  
New Strategies

Bone tissue engineering techniques are a promising alternative for the use of autologous bone grafts to reconstruct bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial region. However, for successful bone regeneration, adequate vascularization is a prerequisite. This review presents and discusses the application of stem cells and new strategies to improve vascularization, which may lead to feasible clinical applications. Multiple sources of stem cells have been investigated for bone tissue engineering. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue is considered a promising single source for a heterogeneous population of essential cells with, amongst others, osteogenic and angiogenic potential. Enhanced vascularization of tissue-engineered grafts can be achieved by different mechanisms: vascular ingrowth directed from the surrounding host tissue to the implanted graft, vice versa, or concomitantly. Vascular ingrowth into the implanted graft can be enhanced by (i) optimizing the material properties of scaffolds and (ii) their bioactivation by incorporation of growth factors or cell seeding. Vascular ingrowth directed from the implanted graft towards the host tissue can be achieved by incorporating the graft with either (i) preformed microvascular networks or (ii) microvascular fragments (MF). The latter may have stimulating actions on both vascular ingrowth and outgrowth, since they contain angiogenic stem cells like SVF, as well as vascularized matrix fragments. Both adipose tissue-derived SVF and MF are cell sources with clinical feasibility due to their large quantities that can be harvested and applied in a one-step surgical procedure. During the past years, important advancements of stem cell application and vascularization in bone tissue regeneration have been made. The development of engineered in vitro 3D models mimicking the bone defect environment would facilitate new strategies in bone tissue engineering. Successful clinical application requires innovative future investigations enhancing vascularization.

Transformed Cuttlefish Bone Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

2010 ◽  
Vol 89-91 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Battistella ◽  
Silvia Mele ◽  
S. Pietronave ◽  
Ismaela Foltran ◽  
G.I. Lesci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
Surface Development

Nature is full of many interesting things to work with, but many natural resources are also protected. In this view the recycling of aquaculture and fishery residues may lead to the manufacture of new devices and the isolation of new molecules with potential application in medicine. The aim of the present study was to explore the possibility to transform the cuttlefish bone into an hydroxyapatite scaffold suitable for bone tissue engineering application. The mixture of different lamellar porous structure of cuttlefish bone from the species Sepia Officinalis was selected and characterized, according to morphology (including porosity, surface development, surface characteristics) and mechanical properties. The material was transformed into suitable scaffold for bone tissue regeneration, trying to totally or partially convert calcium carbonate (aragonite) into calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite HA) using hydrothermal transformation. The studies on cell attachment and proliferation (by MTT assay at different experimental times), cell morphology with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) activities and expressions by mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells on HA were investigated at different experimental times in cultures, in comparison with those observed on titanium specimens used as a control (ET and ST). Cell proliferation was less in HA transformed cuttlefish bone scaffolds than in ET and ST specimens. In contrast, good performance for osteoblasts differentiation was observed on HA transformed cuttlefish bone scaffolds, similar to those observed onto titanium scaffolds.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanostructures in Bone Tissue Engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 877-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Lee Perkins ◽  
Naghmeh Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanostructure ◽  
Natural Bone ◽  
Wide Range

Background:Recent advances in developing biocompatible materials for treating bone loss or defects have dramatically changed clinicians’ reconstructive armory. Current clinically available reconstructive options have certain advantages, but also several drawbacks that prevent them from gaining universal acceptance. A wide range of synthetic and natural biomaterials is being used to develop tissue-engineered bone. Many of these materials are currently in the clinical trial stage.Methods:A selective literature review was performed for carbon nanostructure composites in bone tissue engineering.Results:Incorporation of carbon nanostructures significantly improves the mechanical properties of various biomaterials to mimic that of natural bone. Recently, carbon-modified biomaterials for bone tissue engineering have been extensively investigated to potentially revolutionize biomaterials for bone regeneration.Conclusion:This review summarizes the chemical and biophysical properties of carbon nanostructures and discusses their functionality in bone tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Mesoporous Silica Based Nanostructures for Bone Tissue Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sougata Ghosh ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Porous nano-scaffolds provide for better opportunities to restore, maintain, and improve functions of damaged tissues and organs by facilitating tissue regeneration. Various nanohybrids composed of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are being widely explored for tissue engineering. Since biological activity is enhanced by several orders of magnitude in multicomponent scaffolds, remarkable progress has been observed in this field, which has aimed to develop the controlled synthesis of multifunctional MSNs with tuneable pore size, efficient delivering capacity of bioactive factors, as well as enhanced biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this review, we aim to provide a broad survey of the synthesis of multifunctional MSN based nanostructures with exotic shapes and sizes. Further, their promise as a novel nanomedicine is also elaborated with respect to their role in bone tissue engineering. Also, recent progress in surface modification and functionalization with various polymers like poly (l-lactic acid)/poly (ε-caprolactone), polylysine-modified polyethylenimine, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), and poly (citrate-siloxane) and biological polymers like alginate, chitosan, and gelatine are also covered. Several attempts for conjugating drugs like dexamethasone and β–estradiol, antibiotics like vancomycin and levofloxaci, and imaging agents like fluorescein isothiocyanate and gadolinium, on the surface modified MSNs are also covered. Finally, the scope of developing orthopaedic implants and potential trends in 3D bioprinting applications of MSNs are also discussed. Hence, MSNs based nanomaterials may serve as improved candidate biotemplates or scaffolds for numerous bone tissue engineering, drug delivery and imaging applications deserving our full attention now.

Fabrication of 3D plotted scaffold with microporous strands for bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Min Seok ◽  
Thanavel Rajangam ◽  
Jae Eun Jeong ◽  
Sinyoung Cheong ◽  
Sang Min Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
New Bone Formation

Scaffold porosity has played a key role in bone tissue engineering aimed at effective tissue regeneration, by promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation for new bone formation.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Scaffolds for Bone-Tissue Regeneration

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Chocholata ◽  
Vlastimil Kulda ◽  
Vaclav Babuska
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Regenerative Therapies ◽  
Suitable Environment

The present article describes the state of the art in the rapidly developing field of bone tissue engineering, where many disciplines, such as material science, mechanical engineering, clinical medicine and genetics, are interconnected. The main objective is to restore and improve the function of bone tissue by scaffolds, providing a suitable environment for tissue regeneration and repair. Strategies and materials used in oral regenerative therapies correspond to techniques generally used in bone tissue engineering. Researchers are focusing on developing and improving new materials to imitate the native biological neighborhood as authentically as possible. The most promising is a combination of cells and matrices (scaffolds) that can be fabricated from different kinds of materials. This review summarizes currently available materials and manufacturing technologies of scaffolds for bone-tissue regeneration.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Survey on Nanobiomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Meenu Saini ◽  
Brijnandan S. Dehiya ◽  
Anil Sindhu ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
New Treatment

One of the most important ideas ever produced by the application of materials science to the medical field is the notion of biomaterials. The nanostructured biomaterials play a crucial role in the development of new treatment strategies including not only the replacement of tissues and organs, but also repair and regeneration. They are designed to interact with damaged or injured tissues to induce regeneration, or as a forest for the production of laboratory tissues, so they must be micro-environmentally sensitive. The existing materials have many limitations, including impaired cell attachment, proliferation, and toxicity. Nanotechnology may open new avenues to bone tissue engineering by forming new assemblies similar in size and shape to the existing hierarchical bone structure. Organic and inorganic nanobiomaterials are increasingly used for bone tissue engineering applications because they may allow to overcome some of the current restrictions entailed by bone regeneration methods. This review covers the applications of different organic and inorganic nanobiomaterials in the field of hard tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Is There a Governing Role of Osteocytes in Bone Tissue Regeneration?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-550
Author(s):  
Wei Cao ◽  
Marco N. Helder ◽  
Nathalie Bravenboer ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Jianfeng Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Osteoblast Activity

Abstract Purpose of Review Bone regeneration plays an important role in contemporary clinical treatment. Bone tissue engineering should result in successful bone regeneration to restore congenital or acquired bone defects in the human skeleton. Osteocytes are thought to have a governing role in bone remodeling by regulating osteoclast and osteoblast activity, and thus bone loss and formation. In this review, we address the so far largely unknown role osteocytes may play in bone tissue regeneration. Recent Findings Osteocytes release biochemical signaling molecules involved in bone remodeling such as prostaglandins, nitric oxide, Wnts, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Treatment of mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering with prostaglandins (e.g., PGE2, PGI2, PGF2α), nitric oxide, IGF-1, or Wnts (e.g., Wnt3a) improves osteogenesis. Summary This review provides an overview of the functions of osteocytes in bone tissue, their interaction with other bone cells, and their role in bone remodeling. We postulate that osteocytes may have a pivotal role in bone regeneration as well, and consequently that the bone regeneration process may be improved effectively and rapidly if osteocytes are optimally used and stimulated.

scholarly journals Synthetic Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nanohydroxyapatite and/or Graphene Oxide for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchao Li ◽  
Chengzhu Liao ◽  
Sie Chin Tjong
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Aliphatic Polyester ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Aliphatic Polyesters ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffolds

This paper provides review updates on the current development of bionanocomposites with polymeric matrices consisting of synthetic biodegradable aliphatic polyesters reinforced with nanohydroxyaptite (nHA) and/or graphene oxide (GO) nanofillers for bone tissue engineering applications. Biodegradable aliphatic polyesters include poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and copolymers of PLA-PGA (PLGA). Those bionanocomposites have been explored for making 3D porous scaffolds for the repair of bone defects since nHA and GO enhance their bioactivity and biocompatibility by promoting biomineralization, bone cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, thus facilitating new bone tissue formation upon implantation. The incorporation of nHA or GO into aliphatic polyester scaffolds also improves their mechanical strength greatly, especially hybrid GO/nHA nanofilllers. Those mechanically strong nanocomposite scaffolds can support and promote cell attachment for tissue growth. Porous scaffolds fabricated from conventional porogen leaching, and thermally induced phase separation have many drawbacks inducing the use of organic solvents, poor control of pore shape and pore interconnectivity, while electrospinning mats exhibit small pores that limit cell infiltration and tissue ingrowth. Recent advancement of 3D additive manufacturing allows the production of aliphatic polyester nanocomposite scaffolds with precisely controlled pore geometries and large pores for the cell attachment, growth, and differentiation in vitro, and the new bone formation in vivo.

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