Effect of the Energy and Carbon Source Limitations and Ferric Inhibition on Metabolic Parameters of Leptospirillum Ferrooxidans Growing in Chemostat

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Bastías ◽  
J.C. Gentina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Limiting Nutrient

L. ferrooxidans plays a significant role in bioleaching process of ores. Being a chemoautotrophic bacterium, its sources of carbon and energy are independent. In this study were measured separately in a chemostat, the effect of growth limited by each source (CO2 and Fe(II)), and under conditions of inhibition (Fe(III)) on metabolic parameters of the cell. The runs were carried out in a bioreactor with 1.25 liter of KJ culture medium at 33.5 °C, pH 1.8, agitation rate of 300 rpm and aeration rate of 2 VVM. Using only air as CO2 source, it was established that the cells suffer simultaneous limitation of carbon and energy. It was determined that these limitations are released separately when enriching the air with 4% CO2 in one case and when doubling concentration of Fe(II) in the feed stream in the other. Under double limitation maximum yield (YºX/S) and maintenance coefficient (m) were 6.0•10-3 gcel/gFe(II) and 2.48 gFe(III)/gcel•h respectively. Growth limited only by carbon source and only by energy source gave YºX/S 11.5•10-3 and 21.9•10-3 gcel/gFe(II), whereas m was 1.23 and 0.11 gFe(II)/gcel•h respectively. On the other hand, the lower specific Fe(III) production rate (qP) was obtained when cell growth was limited by the energy source and the higher value was observed during growth in presence of 15 g/L exogenous Fe(III). The qP values at D = 0.04 h-1 were 1.93 and 14.04 gFe(III)/gcel•h respectively. In general, the worse the culture conditions the highest the specific rate of Fe(III) production. The bacterium varied its metabolic parameters quite broadly depending on the growth limiting nutrient and presence of Fe(III).

An Inhibition Study of the Effect of Azo Dyes on Bioactivity of Biofilms

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chang Fu ◽  
Hongshen Jiang ◽  
Paul Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inhibition Study ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Primary Substrate ◽  
Stimulation Of

An inhibition study showed that toxic compounds caused two responses when present at low concentration. One is stimulation of the biomass by simply serving as an energy source; this caused an increase in the total respiration rate. The other is inhibition of the reaction. AR14 was more toxic than AO7 for biofilm from reactors fed with a primary substrate. However, AO7 demonstrated inhibition for biofilm from reactors fed with AR14 and primary substrate, and AR14 could serve as a carbon source for the same film.

scholarly journals Studies on the lipid content and phosphate requirement of glucose- and acetate-grown Escherichia coli

1968 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Damoglou ◽  
E A Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Phosphate Limitation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Phosphate

1. The phosphate requirement, i.e. the concentration of inorganic orthophosphate that just ceases to be limiting for growth, of Escherichia coli N.C.T.C. 5928 was determined for growth in ammonium–salts media containing glucose or acetate as the carbon and energy source, and compared with that of six other strains of E. coli. 2. The phosphate requirement for E. coli N.C.T.C. 5928 growing on acetate was about ten times that for growth on glucose, but this difference was not observed with any of the other strains. 3. After about 40 generations' growth on acetate with phosphate limitation in a chemostat, the phosphate requirement of the cells gradually decreased until it was equivalent to that of the glucose-grown organism; a single passage through glucose batch culture sufficed to restore the original high phosphate requirement, indicating a permeability phenomenon. 4. The lipid content of E. coli N.C.T.C. 5928 grown on glucose or acetate was measured isotopically by fractionation of cells grown on inorganic [32P]orthophosphate and gravimetrically after extraction from the cells by three different methods; change of carbon source from glucose to acetate did not affect the lipid content, which remained constant at 8–9% of the bacterial dry weight.

scholarly journals Optimization of probiotic lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 production using date powder as carbon source

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shahravy ◽  
F. Tabandeh ◽  
B. Bambai ◽  
H.R. Zamanizadeh ◽  
M. Mizani
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Agitation Rate ◽  
Powder Concentration ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Main Carbon Source ◽  
Predicted Values

This study was conducted to optimize culture conditions for economic production of a probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334, in which palm date powder was applied for the first time as a low-cost main carbon source. The effect of eleven factors on bacterial growth was investigated using the Taguchi experimental design, and three factors including palm date powder, tryptone and agitation rate were found to be the most significant parameters. The optimum conditions including date powder concentration, 38 g/L; tryptone concentration, 30 g/L; and an agitation rate of 320 rpm were determined by response surface methodology of Box-Behnken. A third-order polynomial model was suggested to predict the design space following which the predicted values were validated experimentally. The maximum log value of the viable cells in the optimized alternative medium was 9.97 at 24 h of incubation which was comparable to that obtained in the complex and expensive MRS medium (10.06).

scholarly journals Enhanced Butanol Production byClostridium acetobutylicumNCIMB 13357 Grown on Date Fruit as Carbon Source in P2 Medium

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emran I. Khamaiseh ◽  
Aidil Abdul Hamid ◽  
Peyman Abdeshahian ◽  
Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Sahaid Kalil
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Clostridium Acetobutylicum ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Butanol Production ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Acetone Butanol Ethanol

The production of biobutanol was studied by the cultivation ofClostridium acetobutylicumNCIMB 13557 in P2 medium including date fruit as the sole substrate. The effect of P2 medium and the effect of different concentrations of date fruit ranging from 10 to 100 g/L on biobutanol production were investigated. Anaerobic batch culture was carried out at 35°C incubation temperature and pH 7.0 ± 0.2 for 72 h. Experimental results showed that the lowest yield of biobutanol and acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) was 0.32 and 0.35 gram per gram of carbohydrate consumed (g/g), respectively, when an initial date fruit concentration of 10 g/L was utilized. At this fruit date concentration a biobutanol production value of 1.56 g/L was obtained. On the other hand, the maximum yield of biobutanol (0.48 g/g) and ABE (0.63 g/g) was produced at 50 g/L date fruit concentration with a biobutanol production value as high as 11 g/L. However, when a higher initial date fruit concentration was used, biobutanol and ABE production decreased to reach the yield of 0.22 g/g and 0.35 g/g, respectively, where 100 g/L date fruit was used. Similar results also revealed that 10.03 g/L biobutanol was produced using 100 g/L date fruit.

scholarly journals Aeration and Stirring in Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase Biosynthesis during Batch Cultures with Waste Fish Oil as a Carbon Source

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Paulina Snopek ◽  
Dorota Nowak ◽  
Bartłomiej Zieniuk ◽  
Agata Fabiszewska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Process Selection ◽  
Batch Cultures

Yarrowia lipolytica is one of the most studied non-conventional forms of yeast, exhibiting a high secretory capacity and producing many industrially important and valuable metabolites. The yeast conceals a great biotechnological potential to synthesize organic acids, sweeteners, microbial oil, or fragrances. The vast majority of bioprocesses are carried out in bioreactors, where suitable culture conditions are provided. In the current study, the effect of agitation speed (200–600 rpm) and air flow rate (0.0375–2.0 dm3/(dm3 × min)) on the biomass yield and lipase activity of Y. lipolytica KKP 379 is analyzed in a growth medium containing waste fish oil. The increase of aeration intensity limited the period of oxygen deficit in the medium. Simultaneously, an increase in lipolytic activity was observed from 2.09 U/cm3 to 14.21 U/cm3; however, an excessive agitation speed likely caused oxidative or shear stresses, and a reduction in lipolytic activity was observed. Moreover, it is confirmed that the synthesis of lipases is related to oxygen consumption, pH, and the yeast growth phase, and appropriate process selection may provide two advantages, namely, the maximum use of the waste carbon source and the production of lipolytic enzymes that are valuable in many industries.

Size of Animal in Relation to Productivity Nutritional aspects

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Limiting Nutrient

With our increased knowledge of genetics and our ability to control breeding populations of farm animals we are now in a position to select for optimum size if we can define it. A consideration of size in relation to nutritional efficiency therefore becomes relevant. (I confine myself to nutritional efficiency since this was my remit, but of course there are many non-nutritional aspects of productivity which also may be related to size, e.g. larger animals need less labour or housing per unit of production; smaller animals may yield more suitable carcasses for some markets, and these may indeed be more important economically than nutritional efficiency.) Nutritional efficiency will be considered in relation to energy use, since energy is normally the limiting nutrient, and the concentration of the other nutrients, proteins, minerals and vitamins can be varied by adding supplements to the diet.

scholarly journals Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in Oilseed Brassica Caused by Insect Pests

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdev Kular ◽  
Sarwan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in OilseedBrassicaCaused by Insect PestsA six year field study was conducted from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the losses in seed yield of differentBrassicaspecies (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata, B. rapaandEruca sativa) by the infestation of insect pests. The experiment was conducted in two different sets viz. protected/sprayed and unprotected, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Data on the infestation of insect pests, and seed yield were recorded at weekly intervals and at harvest, respectively. The loss in seed yield, due to mustard aphid and cabbage caterpillar, varied from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent.E. sativasuffered the least loss in seed yield and harboured the minimum population of mustard aphid (2.1 aphids/plant) and cabbage caterpillar (2.4 larvae/plant). On the other hand,B. carinatawas highly susceptible to the cabbage caterpillar (26.2 larvae/plant) and suffered the maximum yield loss (26.4%).

scholarly journals A Competitive Ratio for Quantifying Competition Between Intercrops

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Willey ◽  
M. R. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ratio ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Crop Competition

SUMMARYA simple competitive ratio (CR) is proposed as a measure of intercrop competition, to indicate the number of times by which one component crop is more competitive than the other. Intercropping data show that this CR term could be useful in (i) comparing the competitive ability of different crops, (ii) measuring competitive changes within a given combination, (iii) identifying which plant characters are associated with competitive ability, and (iv) determining what competitive balance between components is most likely to give maximum yield advantages.

The ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi to utilize fatty acids and a lipid as a carbon source for mycelial growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takefumi Hattori ◽  
Akira Ohta ◽  
Masayuki Itaya ◽  
Mikio Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ecm Fungi ◽  
Relative Utilization

We have investigated growth of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi (i.e., 55 strains of 32 species in 15 genera) on saturated (palmitate), monounsaturated (oleate), diunsaturated (linoleate), triunsaturated (linolenate) fatty acids, and the triacylglyceride of oleate (triolein) lipid to elucidate an ability to utilize the fatty acids and lipid as a carbon source for growth. Relative utilization ratios (URs, %) based on mycelial growth on glucose suggest that ECM fungi belonging to the family Thelephoraceae have an ability to utilize palmitate. On the other hand, ECM fungi in the genus Laccaria can utilize at least either palmitate or oleate. Furthermore, Hygropharus russula grows on palmitate, oleate, and slightly on triolein. Lactarius chrysorrheus grows only on palmitate. These fatty-acid- and lipid-utilizing fungi may be promising as model fungi for further elucidation of the metabolic ability to utilize the fatty acids and lipid as a carbon source. On the contrary, the fungi in the genus Suillus were shown to scarcely utilize the fatty acids and lipid. Furthermore, most ECM fungi did not grow on either linoleate or linolenate.Key words: carbon source, ectomycorrhizal fungi, fatty acid, lipid, mycelial growth.

scholarly journals Albumin Enhances Caspofungin Activity against Aspergillus Species by Facilitating Drug Delivery to Germinating Hyphae

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1226-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Ioannou ◽  
Aggeliki Andrianaki ◽  
Tonia Akoumianaki ◽  
Irene Kyrmizi ◽  
Nathaniel Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type

The modestin vitroactivity of echinocandins againstAspergillusimplies that host-related factors augment the action of these antifungal agentsin vivo. We found that, in contrast to the other antifungal agents (voriconazole, amphotericin B) tested, caspofungin exhibited a profound increase in activity against variousAspergillusspecies under conditions of cell culture growth, as evidenced by a ≥4-fold decrease in minimum effective concentrations (MECs) (P= 0. 0005). Importantly, the enhanced activity of caspofungin againstAspergillusspp. under cell culture conditions was strictly dependent on serum albumin and was not observed with the other two echinocandins, micafungin and anidulafungin. Of interest, fluorescently labeled albumin bound preferentially on the surface of germinatingAspergillushyphae, and this interaction was further enhanced upon treatment with caspofungin. In addition, supplementation of cell culture medium with albumin resulted in a significant, 5-fold increase in association of fluorescently labeled caspofungin withAspergillushyphae (P< 0.0001). Collectively, we found a novel synergistic interaction between albumin and caspofungin, with albumin acting as a potential carrier molecule to facilitate antifungal drug delivery toAspergillushyphae.

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