Performance Studies on Solar Photovoltaic Thermal System for Crop Drying

2013 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Mahesh B. Gorawar ◽  
P.P. Revankar ◽  
Vijay Tambarallimath ◽  
K. Shekar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Photovoltaic Thermal System ◽  
Child Mortality Rate

The growing population demands adequate supply of food grains for its sustenance and supporting life activities. The agricultural produce in India has increased over the years due to improved farm practices despite of which the country is ranked 2nd in terms of the number of children suffering malnutrition. It is reported that the child mortality rate in the country due to hunger and sanitation is above 1,000 per day. The post harvest losses in India are estimated at 4 to 6 percent for food grains and 16 to 18 percent for fruits and vegetables occurring at various stages of harvesting, storage and processing. The post harvest remedies for the loss of food grains and other agricultural produce includes better post harvest storage techniques based on removal of moisture to store the produce without being perished. The crop drying techniques based on use of renewable energy offer succor to save the large agricultural produce that goes to drains without being consumed.The reported work deals with design of a solar crop dryer for drying based on solar Photovoltaic/ Thermal (SPV/T) techniqueKeywordsPost harvest losses, solar crop drying, solar PV/T systems,drying rate

Understanding the Role of Chlorine and Ozone to Control Postharvest Diseases in Fruit and Vegetables: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
Gabriela M. Baia ◽  
Otniel Freitas-Silva ◽  
Murillo F. Junior
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
By Products

Fruits and vegetables are foods that come into contact with various types of microorganisms from planting to their consumption. A lack or poor sanitation of these products after harvest can cause high losses due to deterioration and/ or pathogenic microorganisms. There are practically no post-harvest fungicides or bactericides with a broad spectrum of action that have no toxic residual effects and are safe. However, to minimize such problems, the use of sanitizers is an efficient device against these microorganisms. Chlorine is the most prevalent sanitizing agent because of its broad spectrum, low cost and well-established practices. However, the inevitable formation of disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), is considered one of the main threats to food safety. Alternative sanitizers, such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ozone, are becoming popular as a substitute for traditional post-harvest treatments. Thus, this review addresses the use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone emphasizing aspects, such as usage, safe application, spectrum of action and legislation. In order to ensure the quality and safety of final products, the adoption of well-prepared sanitation and sanitation programs for post-harvest fruits and vegetables is essential.

scholarly journals The Influence of Physical Treatments on Phytochemical Changes in Fresh Produce after Storage and Marketing

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Elazar Fallik ◽  
Zoran Ilić
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Crop Genetics ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Nutritional Qualities ◽  
Physical Treatments

More food with high nutritional content will be needed to feed the growing global human population, which is expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. Fruits and vegetables contain most of the minerals, micronutrients, and phytonutrients essential for human nutrition and health. The quantity of these phytochemicals depends on crop genetics, weather and environmental factors, growth conditions, and pre-harvest and post-harvest treatments. These phytochemicals are known to have anti-cancer properties and to regulate immunity, in addition to hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-aging, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and other pharmacological properties. Physical treatments have been reported to be effective for managing several post-harvest diseases and physiological disorders. These treatments may affect the external, internal, and nutritional qualities of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the information recently reported regarding the use of physical treatments applied either directly or in combination with other means to maximize and maintain the phytochemical content of fresh and fresh-cut or processed fruits and vegetables.

A novel way of parameter estimation of solar photovoltaic system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Bisht ◽  
Afzal Sikander
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

Purpose This paper aims to achieve accurate maximum power from solar photovoltaic (PV), its five parameters need to be estimated. This study proposes a novel optimization technique for parameter estimation of solar PV. Design/methodology/approach To extract optimal parameters of solar PV new optimization technique based on the Jellyfish search optimizer (JSO). The objective function is defined based on two unknown variables and the proposed technique is used to estimate the two unknown variables and the rest three unknown variables are estimated analytically. Findings In this paper, JSO is used to estimate the parameters of a single diode PV model. In this study, eight different PV panels are considered. In addition, various performance indices, such as PV characteristics, such as power-voltage and current-voltage curves, relative error (RE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) are determined using the proposed algorithm and existing algorithms. The results for different solar panels have been obtained under varying environmental conditions such as changing temperature and constant irradiance or changing irradiance and constant temperature. Originality/value The proposed technique is new and provides better results with minimum RE, RMSE, NMAE, MAE and converges fast, as depicted by the fitness graph presented in this paper.

Grid Parity of Residential Building Rooftop Solar PV in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-40
Author(s):  
Rakesh Dalal ◽  
Kamal Bansal ◽  
Sapan Thapar
Keyword(s):  
Residential Building ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Grid Parity ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Utility Grid ◽  
Rooftop Solar

Rooftop solar photovoltaic(PV) installation in India have increased in last decade because of the flat 40 percent subsidy extended for rooftop solar PV systems (3 kWp and below) by the Indian government under the solar rooftop scheme. From the residential building owner's perspective, solar PV is competitive when it can produce electricity at a cost less than or equal grid electricity price, a condition referred as “grid parity”. For assessing grid parity of 3 kWp and 2 kWp residential solar PV system, 15 states capital and 19 major cities were considered  for the RET screen simulation by using solar isolation, utility grid tariff, system cost and other economic parameters. 3 kWp and 2 kWp rooftop solar PV with and without subsidy scenarios were considered for simulation using RETscreen software. We estimate that without subsidy no state could achieve grid parity for 2kWp rooftop solar PV plant. However with 3 kWp rooftop solar PV plant only 5 states could achieve grid parity without subsidy and with government subsidy number of states increased to 7, yet wide spread parity for residential rooftop solar PV is still not achieved. We find that high installation costs, subsidized utility grid supply to low energy consumer and financing rates are major barriers to grid parity.

scholarly journals Ethylene induces soil microbes to delay fruit ripening

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenevere Perry ◽  
Diane Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Transportation Container ◽  
Post Harvest Loss

The consumer demand for fresh fruits and vegetables increases every year, and farmers need a low cost novel method to reduce post-harvest loss and preserve the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. This study identifies a method to induce soil bacteria to biosynthesize a nitrile compound that potentially enters the plants tissue and negatively affects climacteric ripening and delays the ripening process at 20-30˚C. This study used soil rich with soil microbes, to delay the ripening of climacteric fruit. The soil was treated with nitrogen, a heavy metal, and ethylene gas. Ethylene induced the soil to delay the ripening of organic bananas and peaches. A prototype transportation container maintained fruit fresh for up to 72 h at 20-30˚C. The fruit retained color, firmness, texture, no bruising and minimal spotting. The soil also prevented fungal infection in all samples. GC-MS analysis suggests ethylene induced the soil microbes to release an acetonitrile compound into the gaseous environment. The nitrile is released in low concentrations, but mature plants (fruits) contain very low levels of indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN) or indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The nitrile may obstruct or modify the mature plants (fruit) late stages development process, thus delay the climacteric ripening process and retarding the physiological and phenotypic effects of fruit ripening. We believe this study may have strong applications for post-harvest biotechnology.

scholarly journals Determinants of Value Chain Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Industry in Kathmandu Valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Anita Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Value Chain Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Chain Analysis ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic System

<p>The objective of this paper is to find out key factors influencing target market of solar photovoltaic industry; and identify ways on how to reduce cost of sales in solar photovoltaic industry in Nepal. It also analyzes better ways of marketing solar photovoltaic system in current market. The conceptual model taken for this study comprises of Porter’s (1985) value chain analysis theory which has identified two sequences of activities i.e. primary and support activities. Exploratory research has been used where primary data is collected through structured questionnaire distributed among 120 individual sellers of solar photovoltaic system inside Kathmandu valley. The data collected are analyzed using SPSS 16.0 which is coded and tabulated by Microsoft Excel spreadsheet application.</p><p>The result of the analysis of the data shows that factors influencing value chain of solar PV industry are infrastructure (mostly furniture, workshop, showroom, capital and human resources in less number) needed to set up a company, imported from different countries, distribution channel, subsidy claim, marketing medium and after sales service. Few companies import huge quantity of solar related products. Most of the companies targeting direct customer don't claim subsidy directly rather they claim via other pre-qualified companies. Also these companies consider radio advertisement to reach customers at large rather than any other medium of marketing. These companies value warranty and repair &amp; maintenance services as an after sales service. Although few of the solar photovoltaic systems are manufactured in Nepal, they prefer to import these items rather than promote Nepal made products. Thus, these factors have created value from import to service to the customers.</p><p>Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 153-168</p>

scholarly journals A Novel DC-DC Converter Based Closed Loop Control of BLDC Motor for SPV fed Water Pumping System

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (09) ◽  
pp. 240-247
Author(s):  
V Mounika and Tejavath Suhasini
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Bldc Motor ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Water Pumping

This Paper Presents Novel DC-DC Converter Based Closed Loop Control of BLDC Motor for SPV fed Water Pumping System Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Array fed Water pumping System Utilizing Buck-boost DC-DC Converter in order to extract the maximum available power from Solar system. Solar energy has the greatest availability compared to other energy sources. For such solar PV systems, maximum power point tracking control is preferred for efficient operation. This concept is dealing with INC method which is one of the MPPT methods. This study deals with a buck–boost converter controlled solar photovoltaic (SPV) array fed water pumping in order to achieve the maximum efficiency of an SPV array and the soft starting of a permanent magnet brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The current sensors normally used for speed control of BLDC motor are completely eliminated. The speed of BLDC motor is controlled through the variable DC-link voltage of a voltage-source inverter (VSI). The VSI is operated by fundamental frequency switching, avoiding the losses due to high-frequency switching, in order to enhance the efficiency of the proposed system.

scholarly journals Active and Intelligent Packaging with Phase Change Materials to Promote the Shelf Life Extension of Food Products

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasi Madhan ◽  
Christophe Espírito Santo ◽  
Luís P. Andrade . ◽  
Pedro D. Silva . ◽  
Pedro D. Gaspar .
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Box Dimension ◽  
Intelligent Packaging ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Shelf Life Extension

Active packaging aims to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables using active agents such as Oxygen, Carbon-di-oxide, ethylene scavengers and moisture absorber. Intelligent packaging provides information about the fruits quality inside the package to the customer and this packaging technology detects the internal changes of fruits and vegetables using sensors and indicators. Further to improve the post-harvest storage PCM such as Rubitherm can be used depending on the package box dimension to remove the field heat from the products and maintain its temperature with low variation during transport and display. Gel packs having less weight with PET and PS can also be an alternate method in the packaging. The application of these technologies may lead to a revolution in post-harvest storage, transportation, and further retail sale. This paper reviews the theoretical principles of food packaging and recent developments in packaging technologies using PCMs. Keywords: Active packaging, Intelligent packaging, Phase change materials, Shelf life extension, Fruits

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