Assessment of Aquifer Salinization Beneath an Offshore Industrial Park Based on Solute Transport Calculation

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1285-1288
Author(s):  
Shu Yun Liang ◽  
Ting Nien Wu ◽  
Yu Sheng Wu ◽  
Yen Chin Chou ◽  
Cheng Haw Lee
Keyword(s):  
Solute Transport ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Island Type ◽  
Aquifer Salinization ◽  
Transport Calculation

The purpose of this study is to assess aquifer salinization in the coastal area of an Offshore Industrial Park in Taiwan. Study area belongs to the new Delta Holocene alluvium, which is composed of clay, silt, sand, gravel and their mixture. Groundwater quality measurements including electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride and sulfate were used as indicator to evaluate aquifer salinization. Regional groundwater flows from the middle of study area to the embracing beach, which is the typical island-type-like distribution of groundwater lens. Temporal variations of chloride concentrations in monitoring wells were simulated based on the calculation of solute transport. The simulation result matched with the observation that rainfall leaching could cause dilution of chloride concentration and lessen aquifer salinization. Solute exchange at the interface of fresh water and saline water strongly affected desalinization rate in groundwater, and thus desalinization rate was dependent on its distance from the seashore. According to the calculation of solute transport, it might take about 14 years for complete desalinization through continual rainfall leaching.

Effect of Salinity on Reaeration Coefficient of Receiving Waters

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Gung Wen ◽  
Jao-Fuan Kao ◽  
Lawrence K Wang ◽  
Chii Cherng Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Saline Water ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Tidal River ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Reaeration Coefficient ◽  
Receiving Waters

A practical method of determining reaeration coefficients would greatly aid design engineers in determining the degree of wastewater treatment required for a proposed effluent discharge. Many previous tidal river and estuary studies emphasized mainly the effects of flow conditions (such as velocity, water depth, turbulent intensity, hydraulic gradient, etc.) and temperature on stream aeration, and the effect of salts was not seriously considered. In this research a new mathematical model of reaeration coefficient considering the effect of salts has been developed for water quality analysis in tidal rivers and estuaries. The reaeration coefficient in saline water, k2s(day−1, base e) at any chloride concentration C(g/l) and at 20°C, can be expressed byin which k2f is the reaeration coefficient in fresh water at 20°C. The correlation coefficient of k2s/k2f and C is 0.88.

scholarly journals Natural and Human-Induced Drivers of Groundwater Sustainability: A Case Study of the Mangyeong River Basin in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Lee ◽  
Eun Kwon ◽  
Nam Woo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Groundwater Sustainability ◽  
Groundwater Drought ◽  
Drought Conditions

The sustainability of rural areas depends on the availability of water resources. The Mangyeong River Basin (MRB) in Korea faces a water supply shortage for agriculture and industry. Based on 11-year (2005–2015) precipitation and groundwater monitoring data, groundwater sustainability was evaluated in terms of natural and man-made factors and their spatio-temporal variations. A precipitation time-series revealed a declining trend, but there were different seasonal trends between wet and dry periods, with declining and rising trends, respectively. Groundwater hydrographs from five national groundwater monitoring wells showed temporal variations. Groundwater wells located in downstream areas showed both recharge from upgradient areas and local man-made impacts (e.g. from pumping), resulting in an ambiguous relationship between precipitation and water levels. However, other monitoring wells in the upstream areas displayed water level responses to precipitation events, with a declining trend. Using the standardized precipitation index at a time scale of 12 months (SPI-12) and the standardized groundwater level anomaly, meteorological and groundwater drought conditions were compared to infer the relationship between precipitation deficit and groundwater shortage in the aquifer. The SPI results indicated severely dry to extremely dry conditions during 2008–2009 and 2015. However, the standardized groundwater level anomaly showed various drought conditions for groundwater, which were dependent on the site-specific hydrogeological characteristics. Finally, groundwater sustainability was assessed using water budget modelling and water quality data. Presently, if groundwater is used above 39.2% of the recharge value in the MRB, groundwater drought conditions occur throughout the basin. Considering water quality issues, with nitrate being elevated above the natural background, this critical abstraction value becomes 28.4%. Consequently, in the MRB, sustainable groundwater management should embrace both natural and human-induced factors to regulate over-exploitation and prevent contamination.

scholarly journals Effects of Alternating Irrigation with Fresh and Saline Water on the Soil Salt, Soil Nutrients, and Yield of Tomatoes

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1693
Author(s):  
Jingang Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Zhongyi Qu ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
Pingru He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Soil Salt

Saline water irrigation has become extremely important in arid and semi-arid areas in northwestern China. To study the effect of alternating irrigation models on the soil nutrients, soil salts, and yield of tomatoes with fresh water (total dissolved solids of 0.50 g·L−1) and saline water (total dissolved solids of 3.01 g·L−1), a two-year field experiment was carried out for tomatoes in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), containing six drip irrigation models: T1 (all freshwater irrigation), T2 (saline water used in the seedling and flowering stages; fresh water in the fruit-set and breaker stages), T3 (saline water in the flowering and fruit-set stages; fresh water in the seedling and breaker stages), T4 (saline water in the fruit-set and breaker stages; fresh water in the seedling and flowering stages), T5 (saline water in the flowering and breaker stages; fresh water in the seedling and fruit-set stages), T6 (saline water in the seedling and fruit-set stages; fresh water in the flowering and breaker stages). The study found that saline water irrigation tends to have a positive effect on soil total nitrogen and a negative influence on soil total phosphorus at each growth stage of the tomato. Soil Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, and Cl− increased over the growth period, soil HCO3− decreased gradually by growth stage, and the salt ions increased with the amount of saline water applied in alternating irrigation. Though the soil salt accumulated in all experimentally designed alternating irrigation models, soil alkalization did not occur in the tomato root zone under the soil matric potential threshold of −25 kPa. The utilization of saline water resulted in about a 1.9–18.2% decline in fruit yield, but the total soluble solids, lycopene, and sugar in the tomato fruits increased. Ultimately, drip irrigation with fresh water at the seedling to flowering stages and saline water at the fruit-set to breaker stages was suggested for tomato cultivation in HID.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Temporal Variations of Geothermal Water Quality in Tangtou, Shandong, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongjun Gao ◽  
Jiutan Liu ◽  
Fuquan Li ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jianguo Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geological Conditions

Geothermal water resources are a kind of clean energy, which is a renewable resource to a certain extent and has a high value of development and utilization. To understand the hydrochemical characteristics, origins, and temporal variations of geothermal water quality in Tangtou, 13 geothermal water samples from 2007 to 2019 and geothermal geological conditions were collected. Cl− and Na+ are the major ions, which make the geothermal water belong Cl-Na type. The total dissolved solids values of geothermal waters were 1560–2512 mg/L and pH were in the range of 6.7–8.8. The development of faulted structures provides conditions for the formation of geothermal water. In addition, geothermal water is recharged by shallow underground cold water. Water-rock interaction, as well as mixing processes, in the process of long runoff path and the slower deep-water cycle is the main factor controlling the chemical composition of geothermal water. Calculated saturation index values indicated that the geothermal water was saturated with respect to silicate and carbonate minerals. Cation and silica chemical geothermometers indicated that reservoir temperatures ranged from 94.63 to 196.10 °C and from 69.13 to 123.75 °C, respectively. Based on the grey relational analysis, the main physicochemical components of geothermal water are obviously correlated with the geothermal water exploitation and precipitation. Overall, affected by exploitation and precipitation, main physicochemical components (such as the total dissolved solids, total hardness, temperature, Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, K+, and Mg2+) showed a certain stage.

scholarly journals Exploring Potable Groundwater Sources Surrounding Manchar Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 824-834
Author(s):  
Sultan Shaikh ◽  
Uzma Imran ◽  
Zamir Ahmed Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Electrical Sounding ◽  
Manchar Lake

This study was carried out to explore the groundwater quality in Manchar Lake's surroundings, (one of Asia's largest lakes in Sindh Province of Pakistan), to discover sites where potable groundwater is available. To achieve this objective, Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) was employed at 21 sites in shallow depths by adopting Schlumberger electrode array alignment. The maximum distance chosen between current electrodes (A & B) was 300 m, and 20 m was between potential electrodes (M & N). ABEM terrameter SAS 4000 and IX1D resistivity software was used for data collection and interpretation, respectively. The results revealed that except for two sites (13 and 19), all other sites do not have potable groundwater at any depth. At site 13, one out of three layers lies under a high resistivity zone, while at site 19, two out of four layers lie under a high resistivity zone, which indicates the presence of potable water. To verify VES findings, water samples from 5 trial bores made by hand percussion method were collected and analyzed for Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), which revealed saline water from all trial bores. To sum up, potable groundwater is not available in the vicinity of Manchar Lake at shallow depths.

scholarly journals Determination of Flow Characteristics of Ohashi River through 3-D Hydrodynamic Model under Simplified and Detailed Bathymetric Conditions

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3076
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Hafeez ◽  
Tetsunori Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Saline Water Intrusion ◽  
Water Intrusion

The Ohashi River is a narrow water stream that connects two brackish lakes in Japan. Intermittent saline water intrusion often occurs in Lake Shinji from Lake Nakaumi through Ohashi River. In this study, two approaches were discussed to reproduce the hydrodynamic conditions of a morphologically complex river. In the first approach, the river sinuosity was straightened. The straightening of the river resulted in a higher flow velocity and water flux coefficient due to the reduction in the flow path and the resistance, and this approach was found to be appropriate for the reproduction of the flow velocity. However, the river shape was visually quite different from the actual river morphology. In the second approach, the prime focus was given to the shape and bathymetry to quantitively reproduce the flowrate of the saline water intrusion. This approach resulted in an underestimation of the flow velocity, which was compensated by increasing the cross-sectional area of the river. A slower flow velocity causes up to a 3-h time lag for the water mass to pass through the Ohashi River, which in principle should affect the temporal variations of the water temperature and salinity. Fortunately, as the typical time scale for water temperature and salinity fluctuations in the Ohashi River is a few days, a 3-h time lag did not cause any problems.

scholarly journals Statistical approaches and hydrochemical modelling of groundwater system in a small tropical island

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Z. Aris ◽  
S. M. Praveena ◽  
M. H. Abdullah ◽  
M. Radojevic
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Groundwater System ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Hydrochemical Modelling ◽  
Aquifer Salinization ◽  
Hydrochemical Model ◽  
Statistical Approaches

The aquifer of Manukan Island of Borneo, Malaysia had been found to be affected by seawater intrusion associated with excessive groundwater exploitation. This research attempted to characterize the chemistry of an impacted zone in the island using factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis (CA) and a hydrochemical model package (PHREEQC). The factor scores were used to plot the spatial map and to group the relationships among the monitoring wells using CA. The results of FA analysis revealed that the three main processes associated with the seawater intrusion event are aquifer salinization, cation exchange process and redox sequences. Output from the PHREEQC simulation was used to support the findings from the multivariate analysis.

Assessment of hydrogeochemical processes and geogenic mercury pollution in coastal karstic aquifers in semi-arid environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Pouliaris ◽  
Alexandra Spyropoulou ◽  
Ioannis Sarris ◽  
Chrysi Laspidou ◽  
Andreas Kallioras
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Mercury Contamination ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Aquifer Salinization ◽  
Pumping Rates ◽  
The Town

<p>Water resources management in coastal where the freshwater availability is limited has often led to rising concerns about the capability of local resources to cover the increased water needs. This condition is especially amplified in areas whereextra stress is added to the water sources from overexploitation and/or quality degradation.</p><p>The present study is located in the island of Skiathos, which is one of the Greek islands that are most popular to tourists. Throughout the long touristic period the population of the island is steeply increased resulting to an increase in water demand compared to the remaining months.The island is dealing with serious water supply issues since groundwaterquality is deteriorated due to aquifer salinization and Hg contamination, making the tap water not safe for drinking and other household uses for more than a decade.</p><p>Mercury concentration in water for domestic usage is monitored systematically, with values up to 6 μg/L (maximum permitted European limit for total mercury in the drinking water is 1 μg/L).The local water utility company, in order to cover the increased water demand, intensifies the pumping from the main well resulting to sea intrusion in the aquifer. Mercury is present in the rocks of Skiathos with the form of the mineral cinnabar (HgS) and although it is practically insoluble, the increase of chloride concentration due to aquifer salinization, shifts the reaction equilibrium towards mercury solubilization by complexation with chloride. Thus, mercury is released from the rocks to the groundwater entering later on the water supply network.</p><p>In order to face the twofold problem of groundwater salinization and mercury contamination the present study aims at defining a threshold for thevolume that is abstracted from the aquifer on a daily basis. The investigation involves the development of a groundwater flow model covering an area of approximately 13.3 km<sup>2</sup> that is exploited for supplying the town of Skiathos with tap water. Information about the general hydrogeological conceptual model is derived from previous investigations in the area. The groundwater model achieves an optimizationof the groundwater pumping rates that prevent seawater from entering the aquifer and deteriorating the groundwater quality. Results show that a reduction of 27.2 % in the pumping rates, in combination with the already planned upgrade in the distribution networks, would prevent seawater from entering the aquifer and affecting groundwater reserves, while, at the same time, the need for tap water in the town of Skiathos is met.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document