Metal Corrosion of Ballast Tank Caused by Electrolytically Treated Ballast Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Dang Kun ◽  
Yong Xin Song ◽  
Xu Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Metal Sample ◽  
Ballast Tank

The metal corrosion of ballast tank caused by ships ballast water that has been electrolysed has been studied in the laboratory by means of statically immersing metal sample in treated sea water. Experimental tests show that the corrosion rate in the electrolyzed seawater is larger than that in the natural seawater, but the increment of the corrosion rate is not more than 35% in the first 12 hours in the medium with a 5 mg/L initial chlorine concentration and the corrosion rate will decrease with time.

Numerical Simulation of Sloshing of Water in Ship Tanks During Sequential Ballast Water Exchange in Seaways

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Arai ◽  
Humberto S. Makiyama ◽  
Liang-Yee Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Ballast Tank ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Merchant Ship ◽  
Ballast Tanks

In recent years, ballast water has been blamed for a variety of marine pollution problems, particularly for transporting harmful aquatic organisms from one part of the world to another and damaging the ecosystem of the new areas. A relatively simple mechanism to control this problem is to exchange ballast water on the high seas between ports in order to remove invasive species before the ship reaches its destination. However, some issues regarding ballast exchange on the open sea need to be addressed before this operation is introduced. One of them is the sloshing of the sea water in the ballast tank. In this paper, ballast water exchange on the open sea by means of the Sequential exchange method is simulated. Irregular seaways are generated from the ISSC spectrum, and the sloshing response of the water in the ballast tanks of a large merchant ship is numerically computed by using a finite difference code developed by the authors. The results showed that there is little possibility that severe sloshing presents a serious problem in regard to the ballast tank’s strength, especially in the case of a bulk carrier whose tanks are generally short in length, with sloshing anticipated only at the low water level.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN SAKARIN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGENDALI KOROSI BALING-BALING KAPAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nani Mulyaningsih ◽  
Hadyan Hadyan
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Nickel Electroplating ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Electroplating Process

Corrosion is a metallic interaction with the environment that causes damage to the metal. Corrosion can also occur in fishing vessels, which are generally made of low carbon steel. This happens because the propeller works in a corrosive environment. Then the need for an alternative corrosion control so that the component is durable. The purpose of this study was to find out how much corrosion rate the ship propellers produced after the addition of saccharin on the nickel electroplating process. This study was conducted by specimen electroplating nickel with the addition of saccharin variation of (0.6 gram; 0.8 gram; and 1 gram). Then the results in corrosion test using sea water media. The corrosion rate is calculated using the weight loss method. After the calculated corrosion rate, then the effectiveness of saccharin is calculated. The results showed that nickel electroplating specimens with addition of 0.6 gram saccharin variation resulted in a corrosion rate of 75 mpy, 0.8 gram saccharin yielded a corrosion rate of 83.14 mpy, saccharin 1 gram of corrosion rate of 90.56 mpy, while raw material corrosion rate of 117.73 mpy.

Study on Corrosion Behavior of Hot Dip Coatings in Wet-Dry Cyclic Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 2545-2551
Author(s):  
Bin Xie ◽  
Shao Hua Xing ◽  
Ji Da Chen ◽  
Yong Gui Yan ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Ballast Tank ◽  
23Rd Cycle ◽  
Wet Condition ◽  
Aluminium Coating ◽  
Anticorrosion Performance ◽  
Drying Condition

The corrosion of fasteners in ballast tank is much serious, due to the wet-dry corrosive conditions. Now most fasteners are protected by zinc-aluminium coating. In order to evaluate the anticorrosion performance of hot dip Galvanized (GI), Galfan (GF) and Galvalume (GL) coated fasteners in wet-dry cyclic conditions, the corrosion behavior of these coatings in 1h wet and 7h drying condition were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology. The corrosion rate of GI coating in drying condition is much faster than that in wet condition before 23rd cycle, after that time the corrosion rate in sea water is faster than that in drying condition, however the corrosion rate of GF coatings in drying condition is much slower than that in wet condition, and for GL coating, the polarization resistance is both than 104Ω•cm2, whether it is immersed in seawater or in drying condition, which suggests it has better anticorrosion performance. The corrosion rate of the GI, GF and GL coating is 30µm per year, 1.5µm per year and 1.3µm per year respectively and corrosion resistance of GL and GF is therefore twenty two and twenty times as that of GI.

Unique Autoclave Stress Induced Failure Mechanism

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Butchko ◽  
Bruce T. Gillette
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Reliability Testing ◽  
Process Change ◽  
Transistor Reliability ◽  
Pass Through

Abstract Autoclave Stress failures were encountered at the 96 hour read during transistor reliability testing. A unique metal corrosion mechanism was found during the failure analysis, which was creating a contamination path to the drain source junction, resulting in high Idss and Igss leakage. The Al(Si) top metal was oxidizing along the grain boundaries at a faster rate than at the surface. There was subsurface blistering of the Al(Si), along with the grain boundary corrosion. This blistering was creating a contamination path from the package to the Si surface. Several variations in the metal stack were evaluated to better understand the cause of the failures and to provide a process solution. The prevention of intergranular metal corrosion and subsurface blistering during autoclave testing required a materials change from Al(Si) to Al(Si)(Cu). This change resulted in a reduced corrosion rate and consequently prevented Si contamination due to blistering. The process change resulted in a successful pass through the autoclave testing.

scholarly journals A Review of the electrochemical corrosion of metals in choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihael Bučko ◽  
Jelena Bajat
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Separate Class

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of mixtures with melting points notably lower than those of their raw constituent components. These liquids have found a tremendously wide spectrum of applications in the last two decades of their research, so their contact and interaction with technical metals and alloys are inevitable. Therefore, the corrosivity of DESs towards metals is an extremely important topic. This review summarizes research efforts collected in the last two decades related to the corrosion rate of various metals in different DESs. Since the DESs are mainly composed of organic raw compounds, and by their physicochemical properties they may be regarded as a separate class of ionic liquids, the literature data about DESs corrosivity has been compared to the data related to the corrosivity of various organic solvents and ionic liquids as well. All the results gained until now show significantly low corrosivity of DESs. This observation is discussed in relation to the chemical composition of DESs. The absence of the oxidizing agents, the inhibitory action of organic ions and molecules, high viscosity and low electrical conductivity have been recognized as the main factors contributing to the low metal corrosion rate in DESs.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF BEACH ENVIRONMENT AND SEA WATER ON NICKEL CORROSION RATE AS A COLLIMATOR MATERIAL FOR THE APPLICATION OF BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Hardi Hidayat ◽  
Budi Setyahandana ◽  
Yohannes Sardjono ◽  
Yulwido Adi
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Corrosion Testing ◽  
Neutron Capture Therapy ◽  
Boron Neutron Capture

The purpose of this study is to determine the value of corrosion rate influenced by coastal environment and seawater to nickel as a collimator base material for the application of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this research, the authors used 99.9% pure nickel as the reference material. Corrosion testing was carried out to determine the rate of corrosion of nickel as a base material for BNCT. After the specimens were formed, the test specimens were then corroded for 12 weeks, with various conditions such as indoor, outdoor environment, static seawater, and moving seawater. The results of this study indicated that in corrosion testing with indoor condition, the corrosion rate values are 0.61-1.00 mpy. For outdoor condition, the corrosion rate is 0.89-1.34 mpy. Meanwhile, at static seawater conditions, the corrosion rate is 0.97-1.24 mpy. Lastly, for moving seawater condition, the corrosion rate is 1.64-1.91 mpy. The results showed that corrosion resistance was relatively the same for all nickel exposed to corrosion in the coastal environment. Therefore, in regards to corrosion resistance, using nickel as a collimator base material for BNCT applications is considered as safe.Keywords: BNCT, Nickel, Corrosion, Coastal Environtment, Sea Water

scholarly journals Effect Use of Two Chemical Compounds Sodium Nitrate and Sodium Silicate as Corrosion Inhibitor to Steel Reinforcement

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Sarah Kareem Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Steel Sample ◽  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

Corrosion of steel reinforcement is one of the biggest problems facing all countries in the world like bridges in the beach area and marine constructions which lead to study these problems and apply some economical solutions. According to the high cost of repair for these constructions, were studied the effect of using kind of chemical compounds sodium nitrite(NaNO2) and sodium silicate(Na2SiO3) as corrosion inhibitors admixture for steel bars that immersed partially in electrolyte solution (water + sodium chloride in 3% conc.) (Approximately similar to the concentration of salt in sea water). The two inhibitors above added each one to the electrolyte solution at concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 2%) for both of them.      The results were  corrosion rate for steel sample that's immersed partially in salt solution was higher than corrosion rate of steel bar that's immersed partially in electrolyte solution with inhibitors  also the two corrosion inhibitors (sodium nitrite and sodium silicate) that added to the electrolyte solution were working successfully to prevent and inhibit the corrosion by using weight loss technique with best percent of 0.5% sodium nitrite ( efficiency 94.1% ) and best percent of 2% sodium silicate ( efficiency 92.5%).

scholarly journals Waste heat recovery from Refrigeration machine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Heat Exchanges ◽  
Refrigeration Machine ◽  
New System ◽  
Good Agreement

With the aim of saving energy and to reduce global warming effect, our work focuses on the valorization of the waste heat evacuated by the condenser of a refrigeration machine (air-conditioner) for the desalination of sea water. In this paper, the conception of a new system combining airconditioning and desalination is realized. The modelling of the heat exchanges of each part of the system is realized. To improve the performance of the system, various experimental tests are represented and discussed. Comparison between simulation and experimental results shows a good agreement and present a courageous motive for the system application.

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