Effect of Dolomite on Pyrolysis of Rice Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razi Ahmad ◽  
Nasrul Hamidin ◽  
Umi Fazara Md Ali
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Oil Characterization

A study of catalytic pyrolysis on rice straw was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor. The objectives were to determine the effect of dolomite catalyst on the distribution of product yield and bio-oil characterization. The non-catalytic and catalytic process of rice straw was performed at the optimum conditions. The chemical characterization studies of uncatalysed bio-oil derived from pyrolysis of rice straw reflect a considerable amount of carbonyl and oxygenated compound, resulting in higher oxygen content in elemental composition. In the presence of the dolomite catalyst, the yield of bio-oil was markedly reduced and so was the oxygen content of the bio-oil itself. The product yields and quality of the resultant bio-oil were significantly affected by the use of dolomite catalyst.

scholarly journals Different Pyrolysis Process Conditions of South Asian Waste Coconut Shell and Characterization of Gas, Bio-Char, and Bio-Oil

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanto Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Qingyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the impact of pyrolysis temperature on the outcome yields of waste coconut shells in a fixed bed reactor under varying conditions of pyrolysis temperature, from 400 to 800 °C. The temperature was increased at a stable heating rate of about 10 °C/min, while keeping the sweeping gas (Ar) flow rate constant at about 100 mL/min. The bio-oil was described by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) investigations and demonstrated to be an exceptionally oxygenated complex mixture. The resulting bio-chars were characterized by elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The output of bio-char was diminished pointedly, from 33.6% to 28.6%, when the pyrolysis temperature ranged from 400 to 600 °C, respectively. In addition, the bio-chars were carbonized with the expansion of the pyrolysis temperature. Moreover, the remaining bio-char carbons were improved under a stable structure. Experimental results showed that the highest bio-oil yield was acquired at 600 °C, at about 48.7%. The production of gas increased from 15.4 to 18.3 wt.% as the temperature increased from 400 to 800 °C. Additionally, it was observed that temperature played a vital role on the product yield, as well as having a vital effect on the characteristics of waste coconut shell slow-pyrolysis.

scholarly journals The Effect of pyrolysis conditions to produce levoglucosan from rice straw

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 03026
Author(s):  
Aji Satria Nugraha ◽  
Setiadi ◽  
Tania Surya Utami
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Intermediate Compound ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Cellulose Component ◽  
Derivative Products

The industrial sectors that produce synthetic chemicals and and polymers rely heavily on fossil resources. Rice straw is very abundant in Indonesia and can be used as a substitute for fossil resources to produce petrochemical precursors. It is known that cellulose component is the main source for LG formation. Due to high contain of cellulose, the potential of rice straw can be transform by pyrolysis to produce bio-oils and derivative products towards levoglucosan (LG) should be developed. Levoglucosan is an important intermediate compound as it can be convert to the precursor of bio-polymer adipic acid, bio-ethanol, etc. Nowadays it’s still rarely research focused on this mechanism route producing LG through pyrolysis. LG then can run into a further reaction and produce derivative products. In order to obtain the highest yield of LG in bio-oil, a condition that may inhibit the further reaction of LG during pyrolysis takes place. The factor of biomass source and composition, temperature, and holding time (adjusted by N2 feed) most likely greatly affect the product composition formed at the end of pyrolysis. In this study, fast-pyrolysis of rice straw was performed in fixed-bed reactor (5 grams of biomass) under different temperature ranges (450 to 600 °C), N2 flow rate (1200 to 1582 ml/min) to maximize the yield of LG. The content of LG on bio-oil was measured by GC-MS instrument. The maximum yield of LG (67.78% of area) was obtained at an optimal temperature of 500°C with holding time of 1.35 s.

Catalytic Deoxygenation Derived from Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Shell

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 535-539
Author(s):  
Varin Han-U-Domlarpyos ◽  
Prapan Kuchonthara ◽  
Napida Hinchiranan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Target Point ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Catalytic Deoxygenation

This work aimed to prepare the bio-oil with low oxygen content via two-step process involving pyrolysis and catalytic deoxygenation. The raw bio-oil was produced from the pyrolysis of oil palm shell in a screw pyrolyzer with a heating rate of 25°C/min. Then, 10 ml of obtained bio-oil with 54.5 % (w/w) of oxygen content was upgraded by catalytic deoxygenation carried out in a fixed-bed reactor containing 20 g of NiMoS/-Al2O3 catalyst under nitrogen atmosphere. When the temperature in the reactor reached to the target point, the bio-oil was dropped by using a syringe pump at a constant flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. The results indicated that this process was efficient to reduce the oxygen content in the bio-oil to 11.5% (w/w) when the reaction temperature was 500°C

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of Lemon Peel Waste in a Fixed-bed Reactor and Characterization of Innovative Pyrolytic Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira ABIDI ◽  
Aïda Ben Hassen Trabelsi ◽  
Nourhène Boudhrioua Mihoubi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Ftir Characterization ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract The pyrolysis of LPW was carried out in a laboratory fixed-bed reactor at final temperature of 300°C, 400°C and 500°C with an incremental heating rate of 10°C/min, under N2 atmosphere. The maximum yields of bio-oil, biochar and gas were 16.66 wt.% (at 400°C), 66.89 wt.% (300°C) and 54.6 wt.% (500°C), respectively. The recovered biochar FTIR characterization reveals that it is a promising precursor to produce carbon materials, biofertilizer and for solid fuel applications. The bio-oil chemical characterization (GC-MS and FTIR analyzes) shows its richness with innovative compounds such as squalene, d-limonene, ß-Sitosterol and phenol, suitable for applications agriculture, biochemical and pharmaceutical industries. The pyrolytic oil presents also good properties, suitable for its use as an engine fuel or as a potential source for synthetic fuels. The recovered pyrolytic gas has a maximum calorific value around 12 MJ/kg with an average composition of CO (up to 75.87 vol.%), of CH4 (up to 5.25 vol.%) and of CnHm (up to 1.48 vol.%). The results could be applied by citrus farmers and agri-food industrials for large scale application to ensure a sustainable waste management of their citrus by-products and to guarantee economic benefits.

Review of Reactor and Catalyst in the Pyrolysis of Biomass for Liquid Fuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 552-557
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiong Zhang ◽  
Guan Yi Chen ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Due to the rapid growth of energy consumption, fossil-based fuel is at the verge of extinction. Hence, the world needs new energy to substitute for the non-renewable energy resources. Various biomass resources have been discussed by virtue of the ability of generating alternative fuels, chemicals and energy-related products. To date, the utilization of biomass is mainly thermochemical conversion which involves combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. The focus, currently, is on the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. A variety of reactors are designed and many new catalysts for the yields of liquid products and upgrading of bio-oil are investigated. Different reactors have their own unique characteristics, and fixed bed reactor is not complicated and can be controlled easily but is difficult to upsize. Fluidized bed has a good suitability for different kinds of biomass but is more complex in structure and more difficult to control. Compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis, the quality of bio-oil improves considerably in the presence of a catalyst. Different catalysts exert different effects on the upgrading of bio-oil. HZSM-5 can reduce a vast output of acid compounds and increases hydrocarbon yields. Au/Al2O3 catalyst leads to an increase of H2 yield. All the catalysts can promote the upgrading of pyrolysis products. Optimal yields and the best quality of bio-oil can be obtained by an appropriate reactor with a proper catalyst.

scholarly journals Effect of H-ZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 Proportions in Catalyst Mixtures on the Composition of Bio-Oil in Ex-Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignocellulose Biomass

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devy Kartika Ratnasari ◽  
Anton Bijl ◽  
Weihong Yang ◽  
Pär Göran Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Lignocellulose Biomass ◽  
Mcm 41

The present work is an attempt to optimize the proportion of H-ZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 in the catalyst mixtures for lignocellulose biomass catalytic pyrolysis. The H-ZSM-5 proportions of 50.0, 66.7, 75.0, and 87.5 wt.% were examined for the upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors in the fixed bed reactor. The catalyst mixture of 87.5 wt.% H-ZSM-5 and 12.5 wt.% Al-MCM-41 was found most effective in this study, giving a 65.75% deoxygenation degree. An organic-rich bio-oil was obtained with 74.90 wt.% of carbon content, 8 wt.% of hydrogen content, 15 wt.% oxygen content, a 0.39 wt.% water content, and a high heating value of 34.15 MJ/kg. The highest amount of desirable compounds among the studied catalytic experiments, which include hydrocarbons, phenols, furans, and alcohols, was obtained with a value of 95.89%. A significant improvement in the quality of bio-oil with the utilization of H-ZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 catalyst mixtures was the rise of desirable compounds in bio-oil.

Potential of Eggshell Waste for Pyrolysis Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohazriny Rohim ◽  
Razi Ahmad ◽  
Naimah Ibrahim ◽  
Nasrul Hamidin ◽  
Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Eggshell Waste

The eggshell waste which has potential mineral such as calcium oxide (CaO) was studied for biomass pyrolysis in a fixed bed reactor. The objective of this study was to characterize the CaO from waste eggshell and correlated the potential in pyrolysis process. Raw eggshells were analyzed by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Then, they were calcined at the temperature of 900oC for 1 hour with nitrogen gas. Raw and calcined eggshell were characterized by x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis were done in the optimum pyrolysis condition with eggshell as a catalyst. XRF results showed that the percentage of CaO in raw eggshell was increased in calcined eggshell. Bio-oil product yield increased by 25.98% by using eggshell waste as a catalyst. CaO from waste eggshell improved the production of bio-oil in terms of quantity.

scholarly journals Bio-Oil Characterizations of Spirulina Platensis Residue (SPR) Pyrolysis Products for Renewable Energy Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Aster Rahayu ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil

Nowadays, energy consumption has increased as a population increases with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. Therefore, it is necessary to find a replacement for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to develop is biofuels. Bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will be produced by utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR) microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material. The purpose of this study is to characterize pyrolysis products and bio-oil analysis with GC-MS. Quality fuel is good if O/C is low, H/C is high, HHV is high, and oxygenate compounds are low, but aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300-600°C with a feed of 50 grams in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35°C/min, the equipment used was a fixed-bed reactor. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield will be to an optimum temperature, then lower. The optimum temperature of pyrolysis is 550°C with a bio-oil yield of 23.99 wt%. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the H/C, the lower O/C. The optimum condition was reached at a temperature of 500°C with the values of H/C, and O/C is 1.17 and 0.47. With an increase in temperature of 300-600°C, HHV increased from 11.64 MJ/kg to 20.63 MJ/kg, the oxygenate compound decreased from 85.26 to 37.55 wt%. Aliphatics and aromatics increased, respectively, from 5.76 to 36.72 wt% and 1.67 to 6.67 wt%.

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