Wear Resistance Characteristic of Vegetable Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
I. Golshokouh
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Condition Method ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
American Society

The main source for lubricant oils is mineral oils, but the source of mineral oils are depleting from day to day and it is also a major cause for environmental pollution in the world. This aim of research is to introduce vegetable oil as an alternative source of lubricant oil in industrial applications. In this study, we measured the physical properties of Jatropha, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and empty fruit bunches. All experiment were done according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) condition, method B and with the use of four-ball tribotester, CCD camera, microscope and viscometer to obtain results. The test oils were measured of their coefficient of friction, wear, viscosity and flash temperature parameter. To evaluate the results, the same conditions were applied for all experiments with the use of engine and hydraulic mineral oil. The results showed that the anti-friction ability of Jatropha oil and PFAD was higher than the engine and hydraulic mineral oils.

Investigate Jatropha Oil as New Source of Lubricant Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iman Golshokouh ◽  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Shahab Shariatmadari ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Renewable Source ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
American Society

This research investigated the physical properties of Jatropha oil to determine its viability as a clean and renewable source of lubricant oil. The study was performed using a four-ball tribotester, CCD camera, digital microscope and viscosity meter. The experiment was conducted using different temperatures (55, 75 and 105°C). The experiment was conducted of constant parameters as speed; load and time under the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), number D 4172.The data included the evaluation of anti-wear, anti-friction and viscosity of Jatropha oil. To evaluate lubricant ability all results of this research were compared to findings regarding hydraulic oil as a mineral oil-based lubricant. The results showed that, under various temperatures Jatropha oil had better lubricant ability compared to hydraulic mineral oil.

Influence of Normal Load and Temperature on Tribological Properties of Jatropha Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Golshokouh ◽  
Syahrullail S. ◽  
F.N. Ani
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Flash Temperature ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Parameter Coefficient

This research investigated tribological properties of Jatropha oil (vegetable oil)to find clean, new, and renewable lubricant source of industrial applications. The study was performed utilizing a fourball tribotester, CCD camera, scanning electron microscope (SEM)and viscometer. The experiment was conducted using different normal loads (300, 400, and 500 N) and temperatures (75, 95 and 105°C). The test was followed ASTM D4172 standard. The evaluation was focused on the viscosity, flash temperature parameter, coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter and worn surface observation. All results of Jatropha oil were compared with mineral hydraulic oil to evaluate the lubricity performance of Jatropha oil. The results indicated that the Jatropha had better anti-friction and anti-wear ability than hydraulic mineral oil under various temperature and loads. In conclusion, Jatropha oil has bright possibility to be produced as commercial industrial lubricant.

THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CACTUS AND MINERAL OIL BLENDS USING FOUR-BALL TRIBOTESTER

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (9-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan ◽  
S. Syahrullail ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Commercial Lubricant

The oil derived from vegetables has been seen as an alternative to mineral oils for lubricants because of certain inherent technical properties, renewable source and their abilities to biodegrade. Vegetable oil is known to have a high viscosity index with a higher lubricity value compared to mineral oil. Despite its potentiality as a candidate alternative, vegetable oil has several limitations. It has a low wear resistance, and it is highly sensitive to temperatures with tribological characteristics. The majority of technical solutions, including additivation, chemical alterations, and blending, are being proposed as means of overcoming the listed limitations. This study seeks to investigate the characteristics of cactus oil with respect to its use as a bio-lubricant as well as the characteristics of environmentally friendly vegetable oil when they are mixed with mineral oils as alternative oil for petroleum, using the four-ball tribotester. The volumetric blending ratio was varied (20% to 80%) and these blends were performed at 1200 rpm, for one hour, with 40 kg of load at a temperature of 75ºC (ASTM D4172-B) standard. According to the results, it was found that the lowest wear scar diameter was 431.23µm, which was identified in the blend of 20% cactus oil with 80% mineral oil which symbolized by (CC20%), compared to that of neat cactus oil at 669.16 µm and mineral oil at 546.46 µm.In addition, the result also indicates that a 80% addition of cactus oil, the coefficient of friction tends to decrease compared to the values of neat cactus oil. Finally, it is concluded, the blends of cactus oil with commercial lubricant oil have better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat cactus oil.

Empty Fruit Bunches Oil as New Lubricant

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Golshokouh Iman ◽  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Ani Farid Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Engine Oil ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, a tribological property of new oil extract from the empty fruit bunches (EFB) of palm fruit was studied as a new alternative source of lubricant oil. The experimental works were did using a fourball tribotester following the ASTM D4172 standard. The wear conditions on the balls surface were examined using CCD microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A similar experimental works were conducted using engine oil as a benchmark for the new tested lubricant. The correlation between coefficient of friction and time was calculated using statistical software. The results showed that empty fruit bunch oil has higher anti-friction and anti-wear ability compared to engine oil.

Analyses and evaluation of the main chemical components in different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. e389
Author(s):  
M. Camlica ◽  
G. Yaldiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Tobacco Seeds

The nicotine, reducing sugar and ion contents from the threshing of tobacco can re-used from the industry. The crude oil and fatty oil compositions of tobacco seeds can be considered as an alternative source of raw material for biodiesel. In this study, the nicotine, reducing sugar content, crude oil, fatty acid composition and ion content were determined in 29 genotypes and 1 cultivar of tobacco. The genetic diversity was determined among the tobacco cultivar and genotypes base on examined properties. The nicotine content varied between 0.10-0.87%, reducing sugar ranged from 9.70-21.30%, crude oil varied between 24.33-47.00% and fatty acid compositions was found in the range of 77.94-100%. Linoleic (13.92-75.04%) and butyric (0.33-64.98%) acids were the major components. Overall, the BSR-5 (52.56 mg/g) and ESR-5 (44.58 mg/g) genotypes exhibited the highest potassium contents and ESR-7 (6.54 mg/g) and ESR-8 (1.28 mg/g) genotypes had the lowest chlorine contents. As a result of this study, the highest nicotine content, reducing sugar and crude oil of tobacco were found in ESR-4, ESR-11 and BSR-5 genotypes, respectively. The dendrogram analysis divided the tobacco into two main groups and most of the same origin genotypes fell into the same group. The results indicated that the different tobacco leaves and seeds can be evaluated as an alternative source in the industry as cigarettes, biodiesel and different industrial applications such as cosmetic, oil paints and varnishes based on their chemical properties.

Polymetallic Nodules: Resource Potential and Mining Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Rahul Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
International Seabed Authority

Abstract Deep-sea minerals such as polymetallic nodules have attracted significant interest among stakeholders not only for evaluating their potential as an alternative source of critical metals that are required for various industrial applications including green energy but also in developing technology for their exploitation. There has been a steady increase in the number of contractors having exploration rights over large tracts on the seafloor in the “Area,” and the International Seabed Authority that is mandated with the responsibility of regulating such activities is in the process of preparing a code for exploitation of these deep-sea minerals. This commentary takes a look at the resource potential and mining prospects of polymetallic nodules while addressing the economic and environmental issues associated with them.

The Tribological Characteristic of the Blends of Rbd Palm Olein with Mineral Oil Using Four-ball Tribotester

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hassan Jabal ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
S. Syahrullail
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Rbd Palm Olein ◽  
Experimental Works ◽  
Mineral Lubricant ◽  
Commercial Lubricant

Vegetable oils are sustainable fluids which have been promoted to replace petroleum-based oils due to its environment friendly characteristics; it is being a very important supply of biolubricant. The excellent advantage of vegetable oil is the fact it is really which can be used environment friendly supplier. In addition, vegetable oil based lubricant clearly show the possibility to minimize carbon monoxide also hydrocarbon emissions when used in IC engines. There are basically two different ways to using vegetable oil to be a bio-lubricant, either one by directly use the pure vegetable oil with additives or use certain blending ratio of vegetable oil with mineral lubricant. In this paper, the influences of the blending ratio of mineral oil with RBD palm olein on the tribological characteristics were investigated and compared with commercial lubricant oil by using the four ball tribotester. The blending ratio was varied from neat with interval of 20% by volume. All experimental works were conforming to ASTM D4172. The results exhibited that the blend of RBD palm olein with commercial lubricant oil has lower the wear scar of ball bearings and coefficient of friction compared to commercial lubricant oil. As a conclusion, the blending of RBD palm olein with commercial lubricant oil has better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or pure RBD palm olein.

scholarly journals Bioactive Products from Endophytic Fungi of Sages (Salvia spp.)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Zimowska ◽  
Monika Bielecka ◽  
Barbara Abramczyk ◽  
Rosario Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
The World

In the aim of implementing new technologies, sustainable solutions and disruptive innovation to sustain biodiversity and reduce environmental pollution, there is a growing interest by researchers all over the world in bioprospecting endophytic microbial communities as an alternative source of bioactive compounds to be used for industrial applications. Medicinal plants represent a considerable source of endophytic fungi of outstanding importance, which highlights the opportunity of identifying and screening endophytes associated with this unique group of plants, widespread in diverse locations and biotopes, in view of assessing their biotechnological potential. As the first contribution of a series of papers dedicated to the Lamiaceae, this article reviews the occurrence and properties of endophytic fungi associated with sages (Salvia spp.).

Steam Oxidation Behaviour of Ni-Based Alloys

2009 ◽  
Vol 283-286 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Hisao Fujikawa
Keyword(s):  
Oxide Scale ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Steam Oxidation ◽  
Cr Content ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Cr2o3 Layer

The steam oxidation behavior and the oxide scale structure of Ni-based alloys containing 20 to 25 mass% Cr content were studied. The oxidation test was carried out from 550 to 700°C at 50°C intervals for 100 hours in steam. All Ni-based alloys used showed good steam oxidation resistance; higher Cr containing alloys have a little better oxidation resistance than lower Cr containing alloys. The kinetics of the oxidation rate of all Ni-based alloys used was estimated as the temperature parameter in a 100 hour test and as the temperature and time parameters, respectively. These equations could be useful for industrial applications. The oxide scale of Alloy 625 was composed of two layers. The outer layer was composed of needle-like oxides and the inner layer was composed of isometric oxides. The oxide scale was composed of Cr2O3 type. The Cr/Ni ratio in the oxide scale at 700°C was by one order larger than that at 650°C. The oxidation resistance of Ni alloys is maintained by a uniform Cr2O3 layer which is composed of high Cr content.

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