Influence of Normal Load and Temperature on Tribological Properties of Jatropha Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Golshokouh ◽  
Syahrullail S. ◽  
F.N. Ani
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Flash Temperature ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Parameter Coefficient

This research investigated tribological properties of Jatropha oil (vegetable oil)to find clean, new, and renewable lubricant source of industrial applications. The study was performed utilizing a fourball tribotester, CCD camera, scanning electron microscope (SEM)and viscometer. The experiment was conducted using different normal loads (300, 400, and 500 N) and temperatures (75, 95 and 105°C). The test was followed ASTM D4172 standard. The evaluation was focused on the viscosity, flash temperature parameter, coefficient of friction, wear scar diameter and worn surface observation. All results of Jatropha oil were compared with mineral hydraulic oil to evaluate the lubricity performance of Jatropha oil. The results indicated that the Jatropha had better anti-friction and anti-wear ability than hydraulic mineral oil under various temperature and loads. In conclusion, Jatropha oil has bright possibility to be produced as commercial industrial lubricant.

scholarly journals Tribochemistry and EP Activity Assessment of Mo-S Complexes in Lithium-Base Greases

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarunendr Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Flash Temperature ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Activity Assessment ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Ball Test ◽  
Base Grease

The blends of bis(1,5-diaryl-2,4-dithiomalonamido)dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes in lithium-base grease are evaluated for their extreme pressure activity in a “four-ball test” using 12.7 mm diameter alloy steel ball specimen. The additive, bis(1,5-di-p-methoxyphenyl-2,4-dithiomalonamido)dioxomolybdenum(VI) and bis(1,5-di-p-chloro-phenyl-2,4-dithiomalonamido)dioxomolybdenum(VI) exhibited lower values of wear-scar diameter at higher load and higher values of weld load, flash temperature parameter, and pressure wear index as compared with lithium-base grease without additives. The greases fortified with the developed additives prevent rusting and corrosion of bearings while grease containing no additives did not pass these tests as per the standard tests. These greases have also better oxidation protection as compared to the grease that has no additive. The topography and tribochemistry of the wear-scar surface are carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy techniques, respectively.

scholarly journals Investigation on Speed-Load Sensitivity to Tribological Properties of Copper Metal Matrix Composites for Braking Application

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
Yelong Xiao ◽  
Pingping Yao ◽  
Haibin Zhou ◽  
Zhongyi Zhang ◽  
Taimin Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Copper Metal ◽  
Video Microscope ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Worn Surface

A sensitivity analysis of braking speed and normal load on tribological properties of copper metal matrix composites (Cu-MMCs) was investigated using a subscale dynamometer. The morphologies of the worn surface and subsurface were observed by a scanning electron microscope and 3D video microscope. The results indicated that temperatures on the Cu-MMC surface increased with increasing the braking speed and normal load. The average coefficient of friction gradually decreased as the braking speed or normal load increased, and a slight decrease in the wear rate with increasing the braking speed up to 17 m/s after which a clear increasing trend was observed. As the normal load increased from 612 N to 1836 N, the wear rate decreased firstly and then promptly decreased. The transition in wear mechanism of Cu-MMC significantly depended on braking speed and normal load.

scholarly journals Tribological Properties of ZnS(NH2CH2CH2NH2)0.5 and ZnS as Additives in Lithium Grease

Lubricants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoxiang Lu ◽  
Wenxing Niu ◽  
Yingjing Dai ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Jinxiang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Layered Compound ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Lithium Grease ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Worn Surface

The layered compound ZnS(NH2CH2CH2NH2)0.5 was evaluated as an additive in grease with different concentrations by using a four-ball tribometer. Results show that ZnS(NH2CH2CH2NH2)0.5 grease has good load bearing ability and excellent anti-wear properties. ZnS(NH2CH2CH2NH2)0.5 revealed better wear resistance than that of ZnS under all test conditions. The reason for this may be that the two-dimensional structure of ZnS(NH2CH2CH2NH2)0.5, with larger interspaces, facilitates an easier sliding process, improving the anti-wear performance. The mechanism was estimated through analysis of the worn surface with SEM, EDS, 3D, and XPS. XPS analysis results show that the tribofilm was mainly composed of FeS, ZnS, ZnO, FexOy, Feu(SO4)v, and ZnSO4. Owing to the simple synthetic method and superior tribological properties as a grease-based additive, ZnS(NH2CH2CH2NH2)0.5 holds great potential for use in demanding industrial applications in the future.

High-Speed Dry Tribological Behaviors of CrNiMo Steel in Nitrogen and Oxygen Atmospheres

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 877-885
Author(s):  
San Ming Du ◽  
Yong Zhen Zhang ◽  
Bao Shangguan
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Tribological Behaviors ◽  
Electron Dispersion ◽  
Worn Surface

Abstract: In this article, the high-speed dry sliding tribological behaviors of CrNiMo steel against brass in nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres are investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The worn surface is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and electron dispersion spectrums analysis. The wear mechanisms of CrNiMo steel are also analyzed. The results indicate that the tribological properties of CrNiMo steel are coincidental with the law of dry sliding of metal, where the friction coefficients decreases with an increase in sliding speed and with normal load. However, the atmosphere has obvious effects on the tribological properties of CrNiMo steel. In the sliding process, friction heat plays an important role on the tribological properties of materials in high-speed dry friction. The high-speed wear mechanism of CrNiMo steel varies at different atmospheres. In a nitrogen atmosphere, the wear mechanism of CrNiMo steel is mainly characterized by adhesion at a lower speed and load. When the speed and load are increased, melting trace is found in the worn surface accompanied by an abrasive wear. In an oxygen atmosphere, the mechanism is characterized by adhesion at a lower speed and load; with an increase in speed and load, it gradually transformed into oxidation wear and abrasive wear. The difference of the wear mechanisms in the different atmospheres and test parameters is primarily due to the transfer films formed on the contact surfaces of the sliding pairs. In our experimental conditions, the surface film is mainly the metal film in nitrogen, whereas, it is the oxide film in oxygen.

The Effect of Lubricant on Tribological Properties of Carbonyl Iron-Based Magnetorheological Fluids

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi De Hu ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Xue Mei Wang ◽  
Hai Zhe Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Carbonyl Iron ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Steel Surfaces ◽  
Iron Based ◽  
Friction And Wear Properties ◽  
Worn Surface

Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is a new kind of smart material, it is very necessary for us to study its tribological properties because it will be widely used in engineering application. In this paper, the tribological behavior of Carbonyl Iron-based magnetorheological fluid (MRF) was investigated on a four-ball tribological tester, the influence of lubricant on friction coefficient and wear scar diameter was discussed, the morphology of the wear steel surfaces lubricated with MRF were observed by a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the addition of MoS2can significantly improve the tribological properties of clay-based MRF. However, the friction and wear properties of silica-based MRF become bad after the addition of MoS2. The morphology of worn surface lubricated with the MRF added MoS2is similar to that without additive, but the groove of wear marks lubricated with clay-based MRF is more shallower and the area of the worn surface is smaller in the condition of adding MoS2.

Studies on Lanthanum Complexes of 1-Aryl-2,5-Dithiohydrazodicarbonamides in Paraffin Oil as Extreme Pressure Lubrication Additives

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Rastogi ◽  
J. L. Maurya ◽  
V. Jaiswal ◽  
D. Tiwary
Keyword(s):  
Wear Scar ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Extreme Pressure ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Worn Surface

Testing of lanthanum complexes of 1-aryl-2,5-dithiohydrazodicarbonamides of the formula LaL3 [LH=1-phenyl-2,5-dithiohydrazodicarbonamide(PhTHC), 1-methylphenyl-2,5-dithiohydrazodicarbon-amide(p-MePhTHC), 1-methoxyphenyl-2,5-dithiohydrazodicarbonamide(p-MeOPhTHC), 1-phenyl-2,5-dithiohydrazodicarbonamide(p-ClPhTHC)] for their application as extreme pressure lubrication (EPL) additives was performed on four ball tester using steel balls of 12.7 mm diameter and MoS2 as reference additive. The efficiency of the complexes has been evaluated using the tribological parameters, wear scar diameter, friction coefficient, initial seizure load, 2.5 s seizure delay load, weld load, mean Hertz load, flash temperature parameter and pressure wear index. The tested complexes behave as good extreme pressure additives; however, the best performance is shown by the p-methoxyphenyl derivative. The surface morphology of the wear scar on steel ball has been studied by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In presence of this complex, roughness of the worn surface is significantly reduced. The composition of wear scar has been analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The presence of lanthanum and sulfur in energy dispersive X-ray spectrum emphasizes role of additive in the tribofilm formed on the surface.

AN ASSESSMENT OF VARIOUS NANOADDITIVES AND TRIBO-CORROSION WITH WASTE COOKING BIODIESEL FUELED IN A DIESEL ENGINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogaraj D ◽  
Jaichandar S
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Flash Temperature ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Temperature Parameter

The waste cooking biodiesel's steady-state coefficient of friction rate of fuel blends are B90 (18.2%), B60 (7.2%), B20 (16.72%), B10 (30.8%), and diesel (38.77%) higher compared with B40 fuel blend and wear scar diameter of the fuel blends from B40 to B100 had a minimal range of 0.5mm. The flash temperature parameter results higher from B40 to B100 fuel blends, and the corrosion rate was minimal for B40 and B50 fuel blends. Afterward, the fuel blend B40 (40% WCO+60% Diesel fuel) was chosen as fuel, along with Cerium (25ppm), Zinc (25ppm), and Titanium nanoparticles (25ppm) were selected as fuel additives. The B40+D60+Titanium (25ppm) blend resulted in improved BTE and 3.83% lowered BSEC comparison with diesel fuel. Then the fuel blend, B40+D80+Titanium (25ppm), resulted in 2.08% reduced HC, 36.36% CO, and 16.25% smoke emissions, along with marginally 8.5% higher NOx emissions comparison with diesel fuel. Also, the fuel blend, B40+D80+Titanium (25ppm) combustions characteristics are the equivalent trend of cylinder pressure (58.82 bar) and HRR (66.65 J/deg CA) related to diesel fuel at peak load.

Experimental Analysis of Wear and Friction Characteristics of Jatropha Oil Added Lubricants

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 914-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Liaquat ◽  
H.H. Masjuki ◽  
M.A. Kalam ◽  
A. Rasyidi
Keyword(s):  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Piston Cylinder ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
The One

This study examines the experimental results of wear and friction characteristics using normal lubricant and jatropha oil (JO) added lubricants. The experiments are performed using a four-ball tribotester with standard test method ASTM D 4172. This simple test consists of a device by means of which a ball bearing is rotated in contact with three fixed ball bearings that are immersed in the sample. Different loads are applied to the balls weights on a load lever that gives a correlative pressure act similar to the one in the piston cylinder frictional zone. The data presented to evaluate friction and wear characteristics are coefficient of friction (μ), wear scar diameter (WSD), flash temperature parameter (FTP) and viscosity index (VI). Each test was conducted for two different loads (15 kg and 40 kg) to observe the variation of above parameters. All tests were carried out at 75 °C and speed 1200 rpm respectively for one hour. The normal lubricant (0% JO) was used for comparison purposes. The test results show that 5% JO added lubricant has over all good influences in reducing wear and friction coefficient. The objective of this investigation is to develop a new lubricant based on biofuel added lubricant (such as jatropha oil), which can also be used for biofuel fueled IC engines. The promising results have been presented with discussions.

Wear Resistance Characteristic of Vegetable Oil

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Samion Syahrullail ◽  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
I. Golshokouh
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Lubricant Oil ◽  
Condition Method ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
American Society

The main source for lubricant oils is mineral oils, but the source of mineral oils are depleting from day to day and it is also a major cause for environmental pollution in the world. This aim of research is to introduce vegetable oil as an alternative source of lubricant oil in industrial applications. In this study, we measured the physical properties of Jatropha, palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) and empty fruit bunches. All experiment were done according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) condition, method B and with the use of four-ball tribotester, CCD camera, microscope and viscometer to obtain results. The test oils were measured of their coefficient of friction, wear, viscosity and flash temperature parameter. To evaluate the results, the same conditions were applied for all experiments with the use of engine and hydraulic mineral oil. The results showed that the anti-friction ability of Jatropha oil and PFAD was higher than the engine and hydraulic mineral oils.

scholarly journals Preparation and Tribological Properties of Dual-Coated TiO2Nanoparticles as Water-Based Lubricant Additives

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Gu ◽  
Xiuchen Zhao ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yunxia Lv
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Lubricant Additives ◽  
Wear Scar ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Wear Scar Diameter ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Worn Surface

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) were synthesized and then dual-coated with silane coupling agent (KH-570) and OP-10 in sequence in order to be dispersed stably in water as lubricant additives. The tribological properties and the application performance in Q235 steel machining of the nanoparticles as water-based lubricant additives were investigated on an MSR-10D four-ball tribotester and on a bench drilling machine, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to analyze the worn surface. The results show that the surface-modified TiO2nanoparticles can remarkably improve the load-carrying capacity, the friction reducing, and anti wear abilities of pure water. The wear scar diameter and the coefficient of friction of the water-based lubricating fluids with TiO2nanoparticles decreased, and the thick deep furrows on the surface of wear scar also decreased obviously with the increase of TiO2concentration. The power consumption in drilling process was lower and the cutting surface was smoother using the water-based lubricating fluids added TiO2nanoparticles compared to the fluid without addition. The reason for nanoparticles improving tribological properties of water based lubricating fluid might be the formation of a dynamic deposition film during rubbing process according to analysis of the worn surface.

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