Deconstruction of Existing Railway and Highway Bridges

2013 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Edward Petzek ◽  
Luiza Toma ◽  
Elena Meteş
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Railway Bridge ◽  
The Road ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
Remaining Fatigue Life ◽  
Made In

The paper presents the damage under time dependent actions, fatigue, creep, corrosion for a railway bridge and a highway bridge. The first one is situated on the IV Pan-European Corridor, which crosses the Romanian territory. Although recently rebuilt, in the end of 80s, the bridge’s superstructure, made of decks with twin plain web girders, was in an unsatisfactory condition - loss of load bearing capacity and missing structural parts (strong corrosion and cracks). After the stress analysis and the fatigue verifications based on the Wöhler concept which were made in relation with the prescriptions of the Romanian standard SR 1911-1998, Swiss code 161 & SBB Richtlinie 2002 and the German code DS 805-2002, a life prediction analysis based on fracture mechanics principles was performed in order to evaluate the remaining fatigue life for this structure for the new traffic UIC conditions; in conclusion, the superstructure should be replaced. The highway bridge is the only crossing possibility over the Bistriţa River, parish Frânceşti, being an important element for the road infrastructure in the area. The current bridge was meant to be a temporary structure, but due to economic difficulties it wasn’t replaced. It does assure the clearance and safety according to the standards. Based on the technical situation of the existing bridge the replacement of this structure is a necessity. Taking into consideration the need of a simple technology, the limited construction height and a very short erection time, it leads in both cases to the necessity of a modular system with low costs. In this area of application the VFT-WIB® solution with its roots in the classical WIB composite structure was developed.

scholarly journals Analisis Perhitungan Jembatan Gelagar I pada Jembatan Jalan Raya dan Jembatan Kereta Api

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Irpan Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Railway Bridge ◽  
Dead Load ◽  
Railway Bridges ◽  
Railroad Bridge ◽  
Limit Stress ◽  
Girder Bridge ◽  
Bridge Spans

The bridge is a means of connecting roads which is disconnected by barriers of the river, valley, sea, road or railway. Classified by functionality, bridges can be divided into highway bridge and railroad bridge. This study discusses whether the use of I-girder with 210 m height can be used on highway bridges and railway bridges. A comparison is done on the analysis of bridge structure calculation of 50 m spans and loads used in both the function of the bridge. For highway bridge, loads are grouped into three, which are self weight girder, additional dead load and live load. The additional dead loads for highway bridge are plate, deck slab, asphalt, and the diaphragm, while for the live load is load D which consists of a Uniform Distributed Load (UDL) and Knife Edge Load (KEL) based on "Pembebanan Untuk Jembatan RSNI T-02-2005". The load grouping for railway bridge equals to highway bridge. The analysis on the railway bridges does not use asphalt, and is replaced with a load of ballast on the track and the additional dead load. Live load on the structure of the railway bridge is the load based on Rencana Muatan 1921 (RM.1921). From the calculation of the I-girder bridge spans 50 m and girder height 210 cm for railway bridge, the stress on the lower beam is over the limit stress allowed. These results identified that the I-girder height 210 cm at the railway bridge has not been able to resist the loads on the railway bridge.

Deflection Control Method Study of Long-Span PC Continuous Rigid-Frame Highway Bridge Compared with Railway Bridge

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 933-936
Author(s):  
Xun Wu ◽  
Jian Jun Yue ◽  
Xian Zheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Railway Bridge ◽  
Railway Bridges ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Rigid Frame ◽  
Stress States

Down-deflection of long-span prestressed concrete (PC) continuous rigid-frame bridges in highway is more serious than in railway. Deflection comparison of highway bridges and railway bridges can provide a reference for the deflection control of highway bridges. Differences of highway and railway design codes about deflection were firstly analyzed. Then, the whole construction processes of a highway bridge and a similar span railway bridge were simulated by Midas/Civil. Both the stress state and long-term deformation were compared. The results show that stress states of the railway bridge will reduce the down-deflection. Finally, for highway bridges, we propose the compressive stress at upper edge of pier-top section should be slightly larger than that at lower edge during the layout of prestressed tendons.

Penerapan Konsep Kota Pintar dengan Cara Penerapan ERP (Electronic Road Price) di Jalan Ibu Kota DKI Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Arman Syah Putra
Keyword(s):  
Erp System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Price ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Made In

The problem raised in this research is the implementation of ERP (Electronic Road Price) which will be applied in several street corners of the capital of Jakarta, many pros and cons that will occur in its application, ranging from its licensing to its application in the field, socialization to users the road in the capital is very important to do because it will directly intersect with motorized motorists in the capital of Jakarta, in its application also must be considered using what tools are best placed in every corner of the capital to help smooth the system to be applied, in this research the author will provide suggestions and frameworks so that the implementation of the ERP system (Electronic Road Price) can be carried out right away, with the suggestions that have been made are expected to influence the policies that will be made in terms of ERP (Electronic Road Price) in the future.

Social Progress in Britain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Heath ◽  
Elizabeth Garratt ◽  
Ridhi Kashyap ◽  
Yaojun Li ◽  
Lindsay Richards
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Road ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Free Market Reforms ◽  
Made In

Social Progress in Britain examines how much progress has made in the years since Sir William Beveridge described the ‘five giants on the road to reconstruction’—the giants of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness. The book has chapters examining the progress which Britain has made in improving material prosperity and tackling poverty; in extending length of life and tackling disease; in raising participation in education and improving educational standards; in tackling the scourge of unemployment, especially youth unemployment; and in providing better-quality housing and tackling overcrowding. In addition to Beveridge’s five giants, the book also explores inequalities of opportunity (focussing on inequalities between social classes, men and women, and ethnic groups), and the changing nature of social divisions and social cohesion in Britain. Throughout, the chapters put British progress into perspective by drawing comparisons with progress made in other large developed democracies such as Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Sweden, and the USA. As well as looking at the average level of prosperity, life expectancy, education, and housing, the book examines the extent of inequality around the average and pays particular attention to whether the most disadvantaged sections of society have shared in progress or have fallen behind. It concludes with an assessment of the effect of policy interventions such as Margaret Thatcher’s free market reforms of the 1980s on different aspects of social progress.

scholarly journals State Aid Rules and Public Financing of Infrastructure. The Case of Autostrada Wielkopolska S.A.

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Paulina Kubera
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Public Financing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Concession Contract ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

Abstract The operation of a toll road typically involves an economic activity for which State aid rules apply. However, if the construction and operation of the road infrastructure is bundled and they are tendered out together, they usually fall outside the State aid regime. The reason for it lies in the fact that the use of competitive procurement procedures aim to increase the efficiency of public expenditure and to ensure a level playing field for private operators to compete for public contracts. Nevertheless, based on the European Commission’s decisional practice, it transpires that an economic advantage for a concession holder cannot be ruled out automatically, in particular when there are amendments made to the original agreement. On the example of the Autostrada Wielkopolska S.A. case, critical State aid issues are discussed, among others, the application of State aid rules to public financing of infrastructure, the amendments made to a concession contract in the light of the risk assignment problem, as well as the existence of State aid in the form of overcompensation for a concession holder. The considerations are carried out on the canvas of a concrete case; however, they are enriched by the analysis of relevant legal provisions as well as conclusions from the EU courts and the European Commission decisions made in similar cases.

scholarly journals CLASSICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND UAV – SELECTED ASCPECTS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 947-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mikrut
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Images ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
The Road ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Subpixel Accuracy ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
The One ◽  
Research Centres

The UAV technology seems to be highly future-oriented due to its low costs as compared to traditional aerial images taken from classical photogrammetry aircrafts. The AGH University of Science and Technology in Cracow - Department of Geoinformation, Photogrammetry and Environmental Remote Sensing focuses mainly on geometry and radiometry of recorded images. Various scientific research centres all over the world have been conducting the relevant research for years. The paper presents selected aspects of processing digital images made with the UAV technology. It provides on a practical example a comparison between a digital image taken from an airborne (classical) height, and the one made from an UAV level. In his research the author of the paper is trying to find an answer to the question: to what extent does the UAV technology diverge today from classical photogrammetry, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of both methods? The flight plan was made over the Tokarnia Village Museum (more than 0.5 km<sup>2</sup>) for two separate flights: the first was made by an UAV - System FT-03A built by FlyTech Solution Ltd. The second was made with the use of a classical photogrammetric Cesna aircraft furnished with an airborne photogrammetric camera (Ultra Cam Eagle). Both sets of photographs were taken with pixel size of about 3 cm, in order to have reliable data allowing for both systems to be compared. The project has made aerotriangulation independently for the two flights. The DTM was generated automatically, and the last step was the generation of an orthophoto. The geometry of images was checked under the process of aerotriangulation. To compare the accuracy of these two flights, control and check points were used. RMSE were calculated. The radiometry was checked by a visual method and using the author's own algorithm for feature extraction (to define edges with subpixel accuracy). After initial pre-processing of data, the images were put together, and shown side by side. Buildings and strips on the road were selected from whole data for the comparison of edges and details. The details on UAV images were not worse than those on classical photogrammetric ones. One might suppose that geometrically they also were correct. The results of aerotriangulation prove these facts, too. Final results from aerotriangulation were on the level of RMS = 1 pixel (about 3 cm). In general it can be said that photographs from UAVs are not worse than classic ones. In the author's opinion, geometric and radiometric qualities are at a similar level for this kind of area (a small village). This is a very significant result as regards mapping. It means that UAV data can be used in mapping production.

scholarly journals Effect of type of road humps on vehicular speeds on residential roads

2018 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Leksmono Suryo Putranto ◽  
Kevin Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Segments ◽  
Made In

To reduce potential pedestrian fatalities, in residential road maximum speed is 30km/hour. Apart from installing maximum speed signs, installing road humps may ensure speed reduction. This paper is intended to compare light vehicles and motorcycles speeds and speeds reductions due to road humps. Data collection was done in Modernland, Tanggerang City. Two road segments were observed, i.e. segments with standard and non-standard road humps. Observation was made in morning, noon and afternoon periods. A portable speed gun was used to measure the speed at about 50m and 25m before the road humps. Some mean difference statistical analyses were conducted for both speeds and speeds differences between different type of road humps and between pairs of observation periods. The 0.05 significant level was used. Surprisingly, mean of speeds differences (50m vs 25m) in standard road hump is significantly higher than in non-standard road hump.

Diagnosis of Myslinka Stone Railway Bridge

2016 ◽  
Vol 714 ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Tomáš Bittner ◽  
Milan Hrabánek ◽  
Šárka Nenadálova ◽  
Jiří Kolísko
Keyword(s):  
Visual Observation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Railway Bridge ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
The Road ◽  
Concrete Frame ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Second Category

Within the solution of the research project GAČR P105/12/G059 a detailed diagnosis of the stone railway bridge on the railway line Plzeň - Tachov was performed. The bridge is created by two parallel vaulted tubes made from sandstone where a frequented road of second category goes through under one of them and Myslinsky brook flows under the second. The bridge was built approximately in 1978 and in 2006 a reinforced concrete frame structure was built to the bridge portal. Length of both tubes is about 45.5 m, width about 5.7 m, height of the tube above the road is about 6.0 m and above the brook 7.8 m. The arch is made as an annular vault. On the basis of the diagnostic works the structure is evaluated from the point of view of moisture, amount of water soluble salts, strengths of sandstone and there is also a visual observation of a condition of the structure itself performed. In the end there recommendations for a consequent procedure in case of the revitalization are stated.

Recent Advances in Ordinal Analysis: Π12 — CA and Related Systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rathjen
Keyword(s):  
Proof Theory ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Ordinal Analysis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Theoretic Proof ◽  
Independence Results ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Order Arithmetic ◽  
Made In

§1. Introduction. The purpose of this paper is, in general, to report the state of the art of ordinal analysis and, in particular, the recent success in obtaining an ordinal analysis for the system of -analysis, which is the subsystem of formal second order arithmetic, Z2, with comprehension confined to -formulae. The same techniques can be used to provide ordinal analyses for theories that are reducible to iterated -comprehension, e.g., -comprehension. The details will be laid out in [28]. Ordinal-theoretic proof theory came into existence in 1936, springing forth from Gentzen's head in the course of his consistency proof of arithmetic. Gentzen fostered hopes that with sufficiently large constructive ordinals one could establish the consistency of analysis, i.e., Z2. Considerable progress has been made in proof theory since Gentzen's tragic death on August 4th, 1945, but an ordinal analysis of Z2 is still something to be sought. However, for reasons that cannot be explained here, -comprehension appears to be the main stumbling block on the road to understanding full comprehension, giving hope for an ordinal analysis of Z2 in the foreseeable future. Roughly speaking, ordinally informative proof theory attaches ordinals in a recursive representation system to proofs in a given formal system; transformations on proofs to certain canonical forms are then partially mirrored by operations on the associated ordinals. Among other things, ordinal analysis of a formal system serves to characterize its provably recursive ordinals, functions and functionals and can yield both conservation and combinatorial independence results.

Occurrence and Prevention of Changes in the Chemical Structure of Natural Rubber Tire Tread Vulcanizates during Service

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1215-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Cunneen ◽  
R. M. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rubber Tire ◽  
Before And After ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Made In

Abstract The chemical structure of the tread vulcanizate of heavy-duty tires has been investigated before and after service on the road, and after testing under conditions designed to induce tread-lift. Significant changes occurred. These included a marked reduction in the concentration of polysulfide crosslinks, and an increase in the amount of monosulfide crosslinks and main chain modification. Experiments with vulcanizates made in the laboratory indicated that the structural alterations in the tires were due to thermal anaerobic reactions caused by heat build-up, and that they resulted in a deterioration in some of the physical properties of the tread vulcanizate. The rate of desulfuration of ‘model’ polysulfides has been found to depend critically upon the nature of the vulcanization recipe. These novel findings point the way to improving the stability of vulcanizates used in the treads of tires and, consequently, tire performance.

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