Immobilization of New Isolated Iron Oxidizing Bacteria on Natural Carriers

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 388-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arevik K. Vardanyan ◽  
L.S. Markosyan ◽  
Narine S. Vardanyan
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Ferrous Ion ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Iron Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Glass Column ◽  
Shake Flasks ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Sulfide Ions

The bioleaching of sulfide minerals by iron oxidizing bacteria are implemented by direct and indirect mechanisms. The direct dissolution of minerals is caused by the attack of sulfide ions by enzymatic system of bacteria. In the indirect mechanism the ferric ion from oxidation of ferrous iron serves as a leaching agent that reacts chemically with the minerals. The increase of ferrous ion oxidation contributes to the intensification of bioleaching process. On this purpose the immobilization of iron oxidizing bacteria on different organic and inorganic carriers (calcium alginate, carragiran, ceramic support, activated carbon, porous glass, etc.) has been implemented which allows to increase cell concentration. In the present work for the first time the native shungit, zeolit and their chemically modified forms have been used for immobilization of new isolated iron oxidizing bacteria of the genera Leptospirillum and Sulfobacillus. Efficient physico-chemical conditions for immobilization on the mentioned carriers have been developed. The ferrous ion oxidation by immobilized cells has been studied both in shake-flasks experiments and in the glass column using air-lift process. It has been shown that in both cases the rate of iron oxidation considerably enhances in comparison with free cells.

Viability of nematode eggs in high rate algal ponds: the effect of physico-chemical conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Araki ◽  
J. M. González ◽  
E. de Luis ◽  
E. Bécares
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Chemical Conditions

The viability of Parascaris equorum eggs was studied in two experimental pilot-scale high-rate algal ponds (HRAPs) working in parallel with 4 and 10 days hydraulic retention time respectively. Semi-permeable bags of cellulose (15000 daltons pore size) were used to study the effect of physico-chemical conditions on the survival of these helminth eggs. Three thousand eggs were used in each bag. Replicates of these bags were submerged for 4 and 10 days in the HRAPs and egg viability was compared with that in control bags submerged in sterile water. After 4 days exposure, 60% reduction in viability was achieved, reaching 90% after 10 days, much higher than the 16% and 25% found in the control bags for 4 and 10 days respectively. Ionic conditions of the HRAP may have been responsible for up to 50–60% of the egg mortality, suggesting that mortality due to the ionic environment could be more important than physical retention and other potential removal factors.

scholarly journals Compartmentalization of bacterial and fungal microbiomes in the gut of adult honeybees

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Callegari ◽  
Elena Crotti ◽  
Marco Fusi ◽  
Ramona Marasco ◽  
Elena Gonella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Phylotypes ◽  
Specific Variable ◽  
The Core ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe core gut microbiome of adult honeybee comprises a set of recurring bacterial phylotypes, accompanied by lineage-specific, variable, and less abundant environmental bacterial phylotypes. Several mutual interactions and functional services to the host, including the support provided for growth, hormonal signaling, and behavior, are attributed to the core and lineage-specific taxa. By contrast, the diversity and distribution of the minor environmental phylotypes and fungal members in the gut remain overlooked. In the present study, we hypothesized that the microbial components of forager honeybees (i.e., core bacteria, minor environmental phylotypes, and fungal members) are compartmentalized along the gut portions. The diversity and distribution of such three microbial components were investigated in the context of the physico-chemical conditions of different gut compartments. We observed that changes in the distribution and abundance of microbial components in the gut are consistently compartment-specific for all the three microbial components, indicating that the ecological and physiological interactions among the host and microbiome vary with changing physico-chemical and metabolic conditions of the gut.

scholarly journals Dissolved organic nutrients at the interface of fresh and marine waters: flow regime changes, biogeochemical cascades and picocyanobacterial blooms—the example of Florida Bay, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Glibert ◽  
Cynthia A. Heil ◽  
Christopher J. Madden ◽  
Stephen P. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Florida Bay ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Organic Nutrients ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Favorable Conditions

AbstractThe availability of dissolved inorganic and organic nutrients and their transformations along the fresh to marine continuum are being modified by various natural and anthropogenic activities and climate-related changes. Subtropical central and eastern Florida Bay, located at the southern end of the Florida peninsula, is classically considered to have inorganic nutrient conditions that are in higher-than-Redfield ratio proportions, and high levels of organic and chemically-reduced forms of nitrogen. However, salinity, pH and nutrients, both organic and inorganic, change with changes in freshwater flows to the bay. Here, using a time series of water quality and physico-chemical conditions from 2009 to 2019, the impacts of distinct changes in managed flow, drought, El Niño-related increases in precipitation, and intensive storms and hurricanes are explored with respect to changes in water quality and resulting ecosystem effects, with a focus on understanding why picocyanobacterial blooms formed when they did. Drought produced hyper-salinity conditions that were associated with a seagrass die-off. Years later, increases in precipitation resulting from intensive storms and a hurricane were associated with high loads of organic nutrients, and declines in pH, likely due to high organic acid input and decaying organic matter, collectively leading to physiologically favorable conditions for growth of the picocyanobacterium, Synechococcus spp. These conditions, including very high concentrations of NH4+, were likely inhibiting for seagrass recovery and for growth of competing phytoplankton or their grazers. Given projected future climate conditions, and anticipated cycles of drought and intensive storms, the likelihood of future seagrass die-offs and picocyanobacterial blooms is high.

scholarly journals Croonian lecture.—Observations on isolated nerve. Electrical changes a measure of physico-chemical change

1896 ◽  
Vol 59 (353-358) ◽  
pp. 308-312
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Change ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Conditions

The present investigation arises from experiments undertaken to determine autographically the varying relations between the magnitude of electrical change and the magnitude of stimulation in nerve under various chemical conditions.

SECONDARY CHANGES IN CARBONATE ROCKS OF OIL AND GAS COMPLEXES

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
M.A. Tugarova
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Schematic Diagram ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
First Time

The article considers the secondary transformations of carbonate rocks of oil and gas complexes, which are of fundamental importance in the formation of reservoir properties. For the first time, a schematic diagram, illustrating the regularities of secondary processes in carbonate reservoirs and their relationship with the physico-chemical conditions of the stratosphere is proposed.

scholarly journals Interstellar and interplanetary solids in the laboratory

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29B) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Dartois ◽  
Ivan Alata ◽  
Cécile Engrand ◽  
Rosario Brunetto ◽  
Jean Duprat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Interstellar Matter ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Set Constraints ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Space Environments ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Extraterrestrial Material ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThe composition of interstellar matter is driven by environmental parameters and results from extreme interstellar medium physico-chemical conditions. Astrochemists must rely on remote observations to monitor and analyze the interstellar solids composition. They bring additional information from the study of analogues produced in the laboratory, placed in simulated space environments. Planetologists and cosmochemists access and spectroscopically examine collected extraterrestrial material in the laboratory. Diffuse interstellar medium and molecular clouds observations set constraints on the composition of organic solids that can then be compared with collected extraterrestrial materials analyses, to shed light on their possible links.

Biogeochemistry and microbiology of microaerobic Fe(II) oxidation

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Iron Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Resident Populations ◽  
Extracellular Electron Transport

Today high Fe(II) environments are relegated to oxic–anoxic habitats with opposing gradients of O2 and Fe(II); however, during the late Archaean and early Proterozoic eons, atmospheric O2 concentrations were much lower and aqueous Fe(II) concentrations were significantly higher. In current Fe(II)-rich environments, such as hydrothermal vents, mudflats, freshwater wetlands or the rhizosphere, rusty mat-like deposits are common. The presence of abundant biogenic microtubular or filamentous iron oxyhydroxides readily reveals the role of FeOB (iron-oxidizing bacteria) in iron mat formation. Cultivation and cultivation-independent techniques, confirm that FeOB are abundant in these mats. Despite remarkable similarities in morphological characteristics between marine and freshwater FeOB communities, the resident populations of FeOB are phylogenetically distinct, with marine populations related to the class Zetaproteobacteria, whereas freshwater populations are dominated by members of the Gallionallaceae, a family within the Betaproteobacteria. Little is known about the mechanism of how FeOB acquire electrons from Fe(II), although it is assumed that it involves electron transfer from the site of iron oxidation at the cell surface to the cytoplasmic membrane. Comparative genomics between freshwater and marine strains reveals few shared genes, except for a suite of genes that include a class of molybdopterin oxidoreductase that could be involved in iron oxidation via extracellular electron transport. Other genes are implicated as well, and the overall genomic analysis reveals a group of organisms exquisitely adapted for growth on iron.

scholarly journals Terraced Iron Formations: Biogeochemical Processes Contributing to Microbial Biomineralization and Microfossil Preservation

Geosciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Shuster ◽  
Maria Rea ◽  
Barbara Etschmann ◽  
Joël Brugger ◽  
Frank Reith
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Iron Oxyhydroxide ◽  
Iron Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Laminated Structures ◽  
Iron Formations ◽  
Circumneutral Ph

Terraced iron formations (TIFs) are laminated structures that cover square meter-size areas on the surface of weathered bench faces and tailings piles at the Mount Morgan mine, which is a non-operational open pit mine located in Queensland, Australia. Sampled TIFs were analyzed using molecular and microanalytical techniques to assess the bacterial communities that likely contributed to the development of these structures. The bacterial community from the TIFs was more diverse compared to the tailings on which the TIFs had formed. The detection of both chemolithotrophic iron-oxidizing bacteria, i.e., Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Mariprofundus ferrooxydans, and iron-reducing bacteria, i.e., Acidobacterium capsulatum, suggests that iron oxidation/reduction are continuous processes occurring within the TIFs. Acidophilic, iron-oxidizing bacteria were enriched from the TIFs. High-resolution electron microscopy was used to characterize iron biomineralization, i.e., the association of cells with iron oxyhydroxide mineral precipitates, which served as an analog for identifying the structural microfossils of individual cells as well as biofilms within iron oxyhydroxide laminations—i.e., alternating layers containing schwertmannite (Fe16O16(OH)12(SO4)2) and goethite (FeO(OH)). Kinetic modeling estimated that it would take between 0.25–2.28 years to form approximately one gram of schwertmannite as a lamination over a one-m2 surface, thereby contributing to TIF development. This length of time could correspond with seasonable rainfall or greater than average annual rainfall. In either case, the presence of water is critical for sustaining microbial activity, and subsequently iron oxyhydroxide mineral precipitation. The TIFs from the Mount Morgan mine also contain laminations of gypsum (CaSO·2H2O) alternating with iron oxyhydroxide laminations. These gypsum laminations likely represented drier periods of the year, in which millimeter-size gypsum crystals presumably precipitated as water gradually evaporated. Interestingly, gypsum acted as a substrate for the attachment of cells and the growth of biofilms that eventually became mineralized within schwertmannite and goethite. The dissolution and reprecipitation of gypsum suggest that microenvironments with circumneutral pH conditions could exist within TIFs, thereby supporting iron oxidation under circumneutral pH conditions. In conclusion, this study highlights the relationship between microbes for the development of TIFs and also provides interpretations of biogeochemical processes contributing to the preservation of bacterial cells and entire biofilms under acidic conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document