Culture Conditions of a Mycorrhizal Fungus and its Post-Inoculation Microbial Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 249-252
Author(s):  
Na Gong ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
Jun Xiao ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial

One isolate of mycorrhizal fungi from the roots of wild plant, in this experiment, the growth rate and dry weight of mycelium used as measurement index, PDMA medium is found suitable as basic medium for this strain after 4 kinds of medium are preliminarily screened. Using microbial dilution plate counting cultivation method, the rhizosphere soil microbial quantity were analyzed in a blueberry short-term pot experiment. Results indicate that the number of microbial physiological groups in rhizosphere soil under different varieties of different treatments were significantly differences,and bacteria were dominant,followed by actinomycetes,and fungi were the least.

scholarly journals Evaluación de un sistema para la micorrización in vitro en plantas de mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus, Benth)

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urley Adrian Pérez-Moncada ◽  
María Margarita Ramírez-Gómez ◽  
Víctor Manuel Núñez-Zarante ◽  
Marcela Franco-Correa ◽  
Gabriel Roveda-Hoyos
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraradical Mycelium ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
Autotrophic Culture ◽  
Glomus Sp

<strong>Objective</strong>. Obtain an in vitro mycorrhization system in autotrophic culture systems of blackberry plants (Rubus glaucus, Benth). <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. We used spores and root fragments with vesicles of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) Glomus sp (GEV02). We established an autotrophic culture system of blackberry plantlets comparing two methods of direct inoculation of the AMF. We measured the number of spores produced, the length of the extraradical mycelium as well as the percentage of colonization of the AMF. Additionally, we measured the shoot and root length, and the fresh and dry weight of the leaf and root parts to determine the plant development. <strong>Results</strong>. The autotrophic culture system was successful for blackberry plants (Rubus glaucus, Benth; an optimal shoot and root growth was observed. Additionally, we obtained a system that allowed the development of Glomus sp. in in vitro conditions, with the formation of structures typical of the symbiosis as well as a good intraradical colonization, with the production of arbuscules and vesicles, development of extraradical mycelium with branched hyphae, and formation of new spores. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. For the first time, micropropagated blackberry plants associated successfully with an AMF under in vitro conditions, enabling the development of the symbiotic system AMF Glomus sp. associated to roots of micropropagated blackberry plantlets.<br /><strong>Key words</strong>: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), autotrophic culture, Rubus glaucus Benth, Glomus sp. (GEV02), in vitro mycorrhization.

Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the nematicide aldicarb on hatch and development of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, and yield of potatoes

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Deliopoulos ◽  
Patrick P.J. Haydock ◽  
Peter W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Dry Biomass

Abstract The effects of inoculation of roots of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Golden Wonder with the mixed-isolate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculum Vaminoc, or with three single-isolates AMF inocula (Glomus intraradices, G. mosseae and G. dussii; components of Vaminoc), on the potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera pallida were assessed in a pot experiment in the presence or absence of the nematicide aldicarb (Temik 10G). Mycorrhization of potato roots stimulated an 11% overall mean increase in the hatch of G. pallida within the first 2-4 weeks from planting. In the presence of aldicarb, AMF-inoculated plants exhibited only 57% of the PCN population size (viable eggs (g soil)−1) of the non-inoculated plants; in the absence of aldicarb the respective value was 42%. Root length colonisation by AMF was unaffected by the application of aldicarb. Roots of PCN-infested plants exhibited reduced levels of mycorrhizal colonisation (41%) compared to non-PCN-infested plants (45%). The AMF isolates used differed in their ability to produce a plant growth response (expressed as root dry weight, shoot dry weight or total dry biomass) and to affect tuber yield. In this regard, the single Glomus isolates enhanced plant growth (36% increase in total dry biomass) and improved fresh tuber yield by 22% on average, while Vaminoc had, in most cases, no effect. It was concluded that AMF have potential to reduce G. pallida multiplication via a dual mechanism involving stimulation of nematode hatch and inhibition of root invasion. Field experimentation will be required to take this research forward and assess the feasibility of including AMF in G. pallida integrated management strategies.

scholarly journals Studies of Cantharellus cibarius - a mycorrhizal fungus of pine and spruce

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Pachlewski ◽  
Edmund Strzelczyk ◽  
Jadwiga Kermen
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Selection Of

Pure cultures of <i>Cuntharellus cibarius</i> wcrc isolaled in two forms: <i>C. cibarius</i> hardwood form (isolate No. 5400) and <i>C. cibarius</i> coniferous form (isolate No.5410). Artificial mycorrhization of pine (<i>Pinus Sylvestris</i>) and spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) was applied in this work and wcre determinated mycorrhiza-forming properties in both isolates with differences in mycorrhiza-forming activity and in morphogenesis of ectomycorrhizas. The sporocarps of <i>C. cibarius</i> consistently contained bacteria probably belonging to the genus: <i>Pseudomonas</i>. It was possible to evaluate the culture conditions for associated bacteria using <i>in vitro</i> tests (effect of antibiotics, pH of the medium), as well as their neutral interactions with mycorrhizal fungi (<i>C.antharellus cibarius, Pisolithus tinctorius, Suillus bovinus</i> and <i>Mycelium radicis atrrovirens</i>). Results of the present work suggest that the selection of isolates of <i>C. cibarius< for artificial mycorrhization of seedlings of forest trees m nurseries could be very useful.

scholarly journals Influence of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Two Terrestrial Wild Plant Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Daniel Lizzi ◽  
Alessandro Mattiello ◽  
Alessio Adamiano ◽  
Guido Fellet ◽  
Emanuele Gava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wild Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Tissues

Most current studies on the relationships between plans and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are focused on food crops, while the effects on spontaneous plants have been neglected so far. However, from an ecological perspective, the ENMs impacts on the wild plants could have dire consequences on food webs and ecosystem services. Therefore, they should not be considered less critical. A pot trial was carried out in greenhouse conditions to evaluate the growth of Holcus lanatus L. (monocot) and Diplotaxis tenuifolia L. DC. (dicot) exposed to cerium oxide nanoparticles (nCeO2). Plants were grown for their entire cycle in a substrate amended with 200 mg kg−1nCeO2 having the size of 25 nm and 50 nm, respectively. nCeO2 were taken up by plant roots and then translocated towards leaf tissues of both species. However, the mean size of nCeO2 found in the roots of the species was different. In D. tenuifolia, there was evidence of more significant particle aggregation compared to H. lanatus. Further, biomass variables (dry weight of plant fractions and leaf area) showed that plant species responded differently to the treatments. In the experimental conditions, there were recorded stimulating effects on plant growth. However, nutritional imbalances for macro and micronutrients were observed, as well.

scholarly journals The methylome of the model arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, shares characteristics with early diverging fungi and Dikarya

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Chaturvedi ◽  
Joaquim Cruz Corella ◽  
Chanz Robbins ◽  
Anita Loha ◽  
Laure Menin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Rhizophagus Irregularis ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Phosphate Regulation ◽  
Very High

AbstractEarly-diverging fungi (EDF) are distinct from Dikarya and other eukaryotes, exhibiting high N6-methyldeoxyadenine (6mA) contents, rather than 5-methylcytosine (5mC). As plants transitioned to land the EDF sub-phylum, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycotina) evolved a symbiotic lifestyle with 80% of plant species worldwide. Here we show that these fungi exhibit 5mC and 6mA methylation characteristics that jointly set them apart from other fungi. The model AMF, R. irregularis, evolved very high levels of 5mC and greatly reduced levels of 6mA. However, unlike the Dikarya, 6mA in AMF occurs at symmetrical ApT motifs in genes and is associated with their transcription. 6mA is heterogeneously distributed among nuclei in these coenocytic fungi suggesting functional differences among nuclei. While far fewer genes are regulated by 6mA in the AMF genome than in EDF, most strikingly, 6mA methylation has been specifically retained in genes implicated in components of phosphate regulation; the quintessential hallmark defining this globally important symbiosis.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Rice Straw Return on the Soil Microbial Community

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Enze Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Lin ◽  
Lei Tian ◽  
Xinguang Wang ◽  
Li Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Main Factor

Rice straw is a byproduct of agricultural production and an important agricultural resource. However, rice straw has not yet been effectively used, and incorrect treatment methods (such as burning in the field) can cause serious damage to the environment. Studies have shown that straw returning is beneficial to soil, but there have been few studies focused on the effect of the amount of short-term straw returned on the soil microbial community. This study evaluates 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% rice straw returned to the field on whether returning different amounts of straw in the short term would affect the diversity and composition of the soil microbial community and the correlation between bacteria and fungi. The results show that the amount of straw returned to the field is the main factor that triggers the changes in the abundance and composition of the microbial community in the paddy soil. A small amount of added straw (≤ 50% straw added) mainly affects the composition of the bacterial community, while a larger amount of added straw (> 50% straw added) mainly affects the composition of the fungal community. Returning a large amount of straw increases the microbial abundance related to carbon and iron cycles in the paddy soil, thus promoting the carbon and iron cycle processes to a certain extent. In addition, network analysis shows that returning a large amount of straw also increases the complexity of the microbial network, which may encourage more microbes to be niche-sharing and comprehensively improve the ecological environment of paddy soil. This study may provide some useful guidance for rice straw returning in northeast China.

scholarly journals Effects of Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates on Fungi: A Comprehensive Review on Direct Effects, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationship Data and Possible Agricultural Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Tamás Plaszkó ◽  
Zsolt Szűcs ◽  
Gábor Vasas ◽  
Sándor Gonda
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Antifungal Action ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Soil Microbial Composition

Plants heavily rely on chemical defense systems against a variety of stressors. The glucosinolates in the Brassicaceae and some allies are the core molecules of one of the most researched such pathways. These natural products are enzymatically converted into isothiocyanates (ITCs) and occasionally other defensive volatile organic constituents (VOCs) upon fungal challenge or tissue disruption to protect the host against the stressor. The current review provides a comprehensive insight on the effects of the isothiocyanates on fungi, including, but not limited to mycorrhizal fungi and pathogens of Brassicaceae. In the review, our current knowledge on the following topics are summarized: direct antifungal activity and the proposed mechanisms of antifungal action, QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationships), synergistic activity of ITCs with other agents, effects of ITCs on soil microbial composition and allelopathic activity. A detailed insight into the possible applications is also provided: the literature of biofumigation studies, inhibition of post-harvest pathogenesis and protection of various products including grains and fruits is also reviewed herein.

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