Effects of Submergence and Nitrogen Concentration on the Resources Utilization of Alternanthera philoxeroides

This study examined the effects of submergence and nitrogen concentration on biomass allocation and nutrients utilization of an invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides. In the experiment, A. philoxeroides was applied to two water level treatments (0 and 25cm above the surface) across with two nitrogen concentrations (0 and 10 mg/l N). The results showed that submergence decreased leaf fraction and increased stem fraction, but high N changed this situation. In submergence, high N increased leaf fraction but decreased stem fraction due to leaves survival and maintenance. Submergence decreased root fraction and the content of soluble sugar in stem. The results suggested that high N concentration could counteract the negative effects of submergence. Therefore, the risk of A. philoxeroides invasion might be enhanced by nitrogen pollution in fluctuating water bodies, and should be attention intensely.

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Effects of elevated temperature on chemistry of an invasive plant, its native congener and their herbivores

Journal of Plant Ecology ◽

10.1093/jpe/rtab013 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Liu ◽

Hongwei Yu ◽

Xiao Sun ◽

Jianqing Ding

Keyword(s):

Development Time ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽

Herbivorous Insects ◽

Larval Feeding ◽

Leaf Chemistry ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Induced Changes

Abstract Aims Climatic warming affects plant growth and physiology, yet how warming alters chemistry in invasive plants and indirectly affects herbivorous insects remains largely unknown. Here, we explored warming-induced changes in leaf chemistry of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native congener A. sessilis, and further examined how these changes affected the performance of the herbivores, Cassida piperata and Spodoptera litura. Methods We conducted a simulated warming experiment to address its effects on 13 leaf chemical traits of A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis. We measured growth and development time of two herbivores reared on plants from warming or ambient controls. Important Findings Warming significantly affected leaf chemistry composition for both the invasive and native Alternanthera. Warming decreased nitrogen concentration in A. philoxeroides and increased total flavonoid and total phenol concentration in A. sessilis. The effects of warming on nutrients (i.e. fructose, sucrose, total soluble sugar and starch) varied with individual chemicals and plant species. Weight of C. piperata pupal and S. litura larval reared on warming-treated A. sessilis significantly decreased compared to non-warmed control, and a similar pattern was observed for weight of S. litura larval feeding on warming-treated A. philoxeroides. In addition, warming-treated A. sessilis significantly prolonged larval development time of S. litura. These results indicate that warming can directly affect the leaf chemistry in both invasive plant and its native congener, but these effects vary by species. Such differences in warming-induced changes in plant chemistry could indirectly affect herbivorous insects associated with the invasive and native plants.

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Morphology of the Invasive Amphiphyte Alternanthera Philoxeroides Under Different Water Levels and Nitrogen Concentrations

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s Botanica ◽

10.2478/abcsb-2014-0028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 136-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wenjuan Ding ◽

Huayong Zhang ◽

Fangjuan Zhang ◽

Lijun Wang ◽

Songbo Cui

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Water Level Fluctuation ◽

Water Levels ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Level Fluctuation ◽

High Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Clonal Spread

Abstract Water level fluctuation and inorganic nitrogen enrichment are two serious problems caused by anthropogenic disturbances in aquatic ecosystems. They cause resource fluctuation and thus might influence the invasive-ness of alien plants. Alternanthera philoxeroides is an amphibious and widespread clonal plant which exhibits significant invasiveness. This experimental study examined the plant's morphological traits under different nitrogen concentrations and water levels. The responses of A. philoxeroides to water levels and nitrogen concentrations were similar for both land-like and riverbank-like initial conditions. A. philoxeroides showed an escape strategy of shoot elongation when its growth was suppressed by shallow submergence. No toxic symptoms but increased clonal spread was observed at high nitrogen concentrations, suggesting that A. philoxeroides not only tolerated but benefitted from nitrogen-polluted water. High nitrogen level mitigated the negative effects of submergence on its leaf survival, thereby enhancing its adaptation to water level fluctuation. Such strong adaptability and clonal spread helps A. philoxeroides to grow and invade successfully in shallow eutrophic water.

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A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Nitrogen Pollution in a Coastal Region with Mangroves of the Southern Gulf of Mexico

Water ◽

10.3390/w11102143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2143 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Regina Temino-Boes ◽

Rabindranarth Romero-López ◽

Inmaculada Romero

Keyword(s):

Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Organic Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Nitrogen Pollution ◽

Economic Damage ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Wet Season ◽

Southern Gulf Of Mexico ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Water Hyacinths

Nitrogen pollution is a growing problem in many rivers and estuaries of the Southern Gulf of Mexico. In Costa Esmeralda, a tourist destination in Veracruz, the increasing nitrogen pollution is causing severe environmental damage. However, very few studies addressed nitrogen pollution and its consequences for beaches and mangroves. In this study, a spatiotemporal evaluation of nitrogen concentrations was performed along two rivers discharging into Costa Esmeralda and the associated mangrove and coastal areas. The data used was obtained from the local government, which measured ammonium, nitrate and organic nitrogen concentrations between 2013 and 2016 with four annual measurements. Clustering analysis was used to detect the nitrogen concentration differences between riverine and coastal sites. Additionally, Mann-Kendall test was used to detect the trends throughout the study period. The Mann-Whitney W-test determined the difference in the median concentrations between the dry and the wet season. The results indicate that organic nitrogen concentrations are increasing in river mouths and coastal waters. Nitrogen pollution caused an intrusion of water hyacinths in touristic beaches and completely covered mangroves. The decomposition of these plants in saline waters was identified as the main potential source of increasing organic concentrations, driven by nitrogen pollution from wastewater, deforestation and fertilizers, and causing many environmental and socio-economic damage to the area. The results shed light on the prevailing water pollution problems in the Southern Gulf of Mexico.

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Agricultural Nitrogen Pollution of Freshwater in Germany. The Governance of Sustaining a Complex Problem

Water ◽

10.3390/w11122450 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2450 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sabrina Kirschke ◽

Astrid Häger ◽

Dieter Kirschke ◽

Jeanette Völker

Keyword(s):

Integrated Approach ◽

Complex Problem ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Nitrogen Pollution ◽

Economic Instruments ◽

Agricultural Policies ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Five Dimensions ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Governance Instruments

The nitrogen pollution of freshwater heavily affects social–ecological systems. To reduce negative effects, research calls for an integrated approach, including a coherent and diverse set of governance instruments. Thus far, however, the effects of (non-)integration have been blurry. Taking Germany as an example, this study sheds light on the actual complexity of the problem along five dimensions of complexity (goals, variables, dynamics, interconnections, and uncertainties). It also sheds light on related governance instruments (rules, information, and economic incentives) and their impacts on problem-solving (implementation of specific measures). Analyses include expert interviews on complexity, European water and agricultural policies, and official data on the planning and implementation of measures to reduce nitrogen concentrations. Results show Germany’s path of sustaining a complex problem by using a non-coherent and low diversity governance approach, avoiding rigorous rules, and barely using economic instruments to deal with nitrogen surpluses. A stronger integration of water and agricultural policies, as well as a better use of economic instruments, are suggested to enhance water quality in the future.

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The effects of complete submergence on the morphological and biomass allocation response of the invasive plant Alternanthera philoxeroides

Hydrobiologia ◽

10.1007/s10750-014-2005-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 746 (1) ◽

pp. 159-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Shufeng Fan ◽

Haihao Yu ◽

Chunhua Liu ◽

Dan Yu ◽

Yuqin Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Allocation ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides

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Nitrogen cycling in a Venezuelan tropical seasonally flooded forest: soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400008075 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 399-416 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Barrios E. ◽

Herrera R.

Keyword(s):

Soil Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Wet Season ◽

Flooded Forest ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Minimum Stress ◽

Seasonally Flooded

ABSTRACTSeasonally flooded forests represent a transition between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The Mapire river, a tributary of the Orinoco river, floods its surrounding forests during the wet season (May–December). The soils are very acid and the total nitrogen concentration (0.1%) is only half that found in nearby soils flooded by Orinoco waters. Ammonium-nitrogen predominates in the soil during the flooded period while nitrate-nitrogen concentrations are higher in the dry period. Wide fluctuations in the inorganic nitrogen fractions did not considerably affect the annual course of soil nitrogen.The predominance of mineralization versus nitrification (56 and 5 μgsoil month−1respectively) and possibly the synchronization of nitrogen availability with plant demand could be considered as nitrogen conserving mechanisms.In synchrony with the hydrologic cycle, the seasonally flooded forest studied shows a nitrogencycle where inputs and accumulation are maximized when the system is under minimum stress (dry season). During flooding, the system enters a period of dormancy making minimal use of nutrient and energy to avoid or tolerate anaerobiosis.

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The Fitness Advantage of Commercial Wine Yeasts in Relation to the Nitrogen Concentration, Temperature, and Ethanol Content under Microvinification Conditions

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03405-13 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 704-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Estéfani García-Ríos ◽

Alicia Gutiérrez ◽

Zoel Salvadó ◽

Francisco Noé Arroyo-López ◽

José Manuel Guillamon

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Factors ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Wine Yeast ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Wine Yeasts ◽

Simple Method ◽

Fitness Advantage ◽

Yeast Strains ◽

Industrial Strains ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations

ABSTRACTThe effect of the main environmental factors governing wine fermentation on the fitness of industrial yeast strains has barely received attention. In this study, we used the concept of fitness advantage to measure how increasing nitrogen concentrations (0 to 200 mg N/liter), ethanol (0 to 20%), and temperature (4 to 45°C) affects competition among four commercial wine yeast strains (PDM, ARM, RVA, and TTA). We used a mathematical approach to model the hypothetical time needed for the control strain (PDM) to out-compete the other three strains in a theoretical mixed population. The theoretical values obtained were subsequently verified by competitive mixed fermentations in both synthetic and natural musts, which showed a good fit between the theoretical and experimental data. Specifically, the data show that the increase in nitrogen concentration and temperature values improved the fitness advantage of the PDM strain, whereas the presence of ethanol significantly reduced its competitiveness. However, the RVA strain proved to be the most competitive yeast for the three enological parameters assayed. The study of the fitness of these industrial strains is of paramount interest for the wine industry, which uses them as starters of their fermentations. Here, we propose a very simple method to model the fitness advantage, which allows the prediction of the competitiveness of one strain with respect to different abiotic factors.

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Nitrogen for growth of stock plants and production of strawberry runner tips

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052012005000027 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 394-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Djeimi Isabel Janisch ◽

Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽

Vinícius Toso ◽

Kamila Gabriele Ferreira dos Santos ◽

Jéssica Maronez de Souza

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Growth Period ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Area Index ◽

Camino Real ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Crown Roots

The objective of this research was to determine growth and dry matter partitioning among organs of strawberry stock plants under five Nitrogen concentrations in the nutrient solution and its effects on emission and growth of runner tips. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, from September 2010 to March 2011, in a soilless system with Oso Grande and Camino Real cultivars. Nitrogen concentrations of 5.12, 7.6, 10.12 (control), 12.62 and 15.12 mmol L-1 in the nutrient solution were studied in a 5x2 factorial randomised experimental design. All runner tips bearing at least one expanded leaf (patent requested) were collected weekly and counted during the growth period. The number of leaves, dry matter (DM) of leaves, crown and root, specific leaf area and leaf area index (LAI) was determined at the final harvest. Increasing N concentration in the nutrient solution from 5.12 to 15.12 mmol L-1 reduces growth of crown, roots and LAI of strawberry stock plants but did not affect emission and growth of runner tips. It was concluded that for the commercial production of plug plants the optimal nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution should be 5.12 mmol L-1.

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Seasonal fluctuations in river bacteria as measured by multivariate statistical analysis of continuous cultures

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m82-144 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 28 (8) ◽

pp. 959-975 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Colin R. Bell ◽

Maxine A. Holder-Franklin ◽

Mervyn Franklin

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Continuous Culture ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Seasonal Fluctuations ◽

High Nitrogen ◽

Continuous Cultures ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations

Forty-eight continuous culture enrichments were performed on summer and winter water samples from two contrasting rivers. The cell output from each chemostat was dependant on the temperature and nitrogen concentration of each enrichment. The diversity of the populations from the continuous cultures, as assessed by species diversity analysis, was always greater than populations obtained on agar plates. However, the species isolated exclusively by continuous culture in these experiments were not unique to the chemostat. All of these species had been isolated at some time on plates directly. High nitrogen concentrations were found to decrease diversity. Populations sampled during the winter were influenced primarily by the concentration of nitrogen. Summer isolates were affected mainly by the temperature of the culture medium. The nutritional versatility of the population was not affected by enrichment of the continuous culture.

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