scholarly journals Pyrolysis yields of tobacco crop residue as a potential alternative fuel source

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Wijayanti ◽  
◽  
Mega Nur Sasongko ◽  
Musyaroh Musyaroh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Liquid Yield

This study aims to utilize the tobacco crop residue to generate a high economic value for the energy sector. In general notion, tobacco crop is burned as a conventional fuel at low prices; however, in this research, tobacco crop residue was processed through pyrolysis in the form of pyrolysis products (liquid and solid yields) providing a promising alternative fuel fulfilling the standardized fuel properties. The pyrolysis was conducted at a laboratory-scale real pilot plant experiment at a fixed bed reactor and was operated at temperature of around 350 °C to 650 °C for 2 hours to navigate the most optimum product. Further, the products comprising char (solid yield) and tar (liquid yield) were investigated by measuring their properties, which include heating value, flash point, viscosity, density, and char yields’ morphology. The measurement results indicated that the heating value of tobacco crop residue from pyrolysis process significantly escalated to 300% compared to that of tobacco crop residue before pyrolysis process. Similarly, several tar properties indicated the liquid fuel standard such as kerosene. Additionally, another product in the form of solid yields is proved to be utilized as a smart material besides having a higher heating value over coal, due to the high-quality carbon specifications. However, further processing is encouraged to navigate the possibility of solid yields into activated carbon.

Study of Catalytic Pyrolysis of Chlorella with γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Qing Jie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

Chlorella samples were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor with γ-Al2O3 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst at 600°C. Liquid oil samples was collected from pyrolysis experiments in a condenser and characterized for water content, kinematic viscosity and heating value. In the presence of catalysts , gas yield decreased and liquid yield increased when compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis at the same temperatures. Moreover, pyrolysis oil from catalytic with γ-Al2O3 runs carries lower water content and lower viscosity and higher heating value. Comparison of two catalytic products, the results were showed that γ-Al2O3 has a higher activity than that of ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The acidity distribution in these samples has been measured by t.p.d, of ammonia, the γ-Al2O3 shows a lower acidity. The γ-Al2O3 catalyst shows promise for production of high-quality bio-oil from algae via the catalytic pyrolysis.

scholarly journals Simulasi produksi hidrogen melalui CO2 methane reforming pada reaktor membran

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Azis Trianto ◽  
Ira Santrina J C ◽  
Susilo Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Promising Alternative

Hydrogen is a promising alternative fuel to establish environmentally friendly energy generation system. One of the methods for producing hydrogen is C02 methane reforming (CMR) process. Despite producing H2, this process also consumes CO2 enabling it to be used as a scheme for mitigating CO2. Conventionally, the hydrogen production via CMR is conducted in a fixed bed reactor. However low conversion is usually found in this kind of reactor. To increase conversion, a membrane reactor can be used. Two types of membrane may be employed to conduct this reaction, i.e. prorous  vycor and nanosil membrane  reactor.  This study  evaluated the  performances  of CMR con 1ucted in membrane ractors andfixed-bed reactor. The results show that the conversion obtained in nanosil membrane reactor is higher than those obtained in porous vycor membrane reactor and fixed-bed reactor. With the change in reactant flowrate, it is obtained that the conversions in membrane reactors are more stable than those infixed bed reactors.Keywords: Hydrogen Production, Membrane Reactor, Methane Reforming AbstrakHidrogen merupakan bahan bakar alternatif yang sangat menjanjikan untuk sistem pembangkitan energi yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Salah satu rute produksi hidrogen adalah melalui reformasi metana dengan karbondioksida (C02 Methane Reforming/CMR). Saat ini telah dikembangkan proses CMR menggunakan membran yang mampu meningkatkan laju produksi H2• Pada makalah ini dikaji dua tipe reaktor membran untuk maksud peningkatan produksi hidrogen tersebut, yakni reaktor membran dengan basis membran porous vycor dan nanosil. Sebagai pembanding, dilakukanjuga evaluasi unjuk kerja reaksi CMRpada reaktorfzxe-bed. Hasil kajian ini menurljukkan bahwa reaktor nanosil danporous vycor mampu memberikan konversiyang lebih besar dibanding reaktor fixed-bed. Lebihjauh, reaktor membran dengan nanosil membran mampu memberikan laju produksi hidrogen yang lebih tinggi dibanding reaktor membran dengan membran porous vycor. Lebih jauh, pada perubahan laju molar reaktan, reaktor membran menurijukkan stabilitas yang lebih baik dibanding reaktor fixed-bed.Kata Kunci: Produksi Hidrogen, Reaktor Membran, Reformasi Metana

scholarly journals Multi-parametric optimization of the catalytic pyrolysis of pig hair into bio-oil

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Henry Oghenero Orugba ◽  
Jeremiah Lekwuwa Chukwuneke ◽  
Henry Chukwuemeka Olisakwe ◽  
Innocent Eteli Digitemie
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Temperature Heating

Abstract The low yield and poor fuel properties of bio-oil have made the pyrolysis production process uneconomic and also limited bio-oil usage. Proper manipulation of key pyrolysis variables is paramount in order to produce high-quality bio-oil that requires less upgrading. In this research, the pyrolysis of pig hair was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor using a calcium oxide catalyst derived from calcination of turtle shells. In the pyrolysis process, the influence of three variables—temperature, heating rate and catalyst weight—on two responses—bio-oil yield and its higher heating value (HHV)—were investigated using Response Surface Methodology. A second-order regression-model equation was obtained for each response. The optimum yield of the bio-oil and its HHV were obtained as 51.03% and 21.87 mJ/kg, respectively, at 545oC, 45.17oC/min and 2.504 g of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and catalyst weight, respectively. The high R2 values of 0.9859 and 0.9527, respectively, obtained for the bio-oil yield and its HHV models using analysis of variance revealed that the models can adequately predict the bio-oil yield and its HHV from the pyrolysis process.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fixed-Bed Cultures with Immobilized Lactococcus Lactis ssp. Lactis on Different Scales

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Faschian ◽  
Ilyas Eren ◽  
Steven Minden ◽  
Ralf Pörtner
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Fixed Beds ◽  
Pilot Scale Reactor

Fixed-bed processes, where cells are immobilized within macroporous carriers, are a promising alternative to processes with suspended cells. A scale-up concept is presented in order to evaluate the performance as part of process design of fixed-bed processes. Therefore,Lactococcus lactiscultivation in chemostat and batch mode was compared to fixed bed cultures on three different scales, the smallest being the downscaledMultifermwith 10 mL fixed bed units, the second a 100 mL fixed-bed reactor and the third a pilot scale reactor with 1 L fixed bed volume. As expected, the volume specific lactate productivity of all cultivations was dependent on dilution rate. In suspension chemostat culture a maximum of 2.3 g·L-1·h-1was reached. Due to cell retention in the fixed-beds, productivity increased up to 8.29 g·L-1·h-1at a dilution rate of D = 1.16 h-1(corresponding to 2.4·µmax) on pilot scale. For all fixed bed cultures a common spline was obtained indicating a good scale-up performance.

Co-Pyrolysis Characteristics and Product Distributions of Coal Tailings and Biomass Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
He Long Hui ◽  
Jin Wei Jia ◽  
Yun Zhao Wei ◽  
Shu Cheng Liu ◽  
Xing Min Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Characteristics ◽  
Product Distributions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coal Tailings ◽  
Quality Production

In order to make better utilization of coal tailings (low quality production after coal preparation) as the resources, the pyrolysis characteristics and product distributions during co-pyrolysis of coal tailings together with biomass at different ratio (20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) were determined in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a fixed bed reactor in this paper. Coal tailings (TC) selected was provided by Hexi coal in Shanxi province, and pine branch wastes (PBW) were used as biomass samples. The result of TGA experiments indicates that the temperature corresponding to the maximum pyrolysis rate exhibited a significant difference between TC and PBW, and the value of the calculated TGA and DTG curves is similar to the experimental ones. In a fixed bed experiments within a temperature range of 25-900°C, gas product yields of co-pyrolysis of TC and PBW are higher than those of the sum of them individually, while tar and char yields were on the contrary. It shows some synergetic effect exists during co-pyrolysis process of TC and PBW blends, and the maximum synergy exhibits with a PBW blending ratio of 40%. CO yield increases up to 30% at 400°C and CH4yield increases up to 11.33% at 700°C compared with the calculated value. These findings can potentially help to understand and predict the behavior of coal tailings/biomass blends in practical systems.

Energetic Study of Gasification System for Bio-Waste as Renewable Energy Resource: Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Mirzaei ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Mahyar Ghazvini ◽  
Ehsan Sobhani ◽  
Giulio Lorenzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Air Content

The expenses, which caused by pollution and limited fossil resources, have convinced scientists to concentrate on renewable resources such as biological waste. Conversion of bio-waste to syntheses gas produces higher heating values in comparison to conventional bioenergy production methods. To produce energy from bio waste, it is important to study on existing technology and using CHP and gas turbines. In this paper a plan for producing electricity and heat at the same time by using bio waste has been proposed. This plan provides a method to produce hybrid gas (combined gas) by using solid bio-waste of Tehran in two forms of wet and dry as a renewable energy resource and steam in a fixed bed gas reactor. This gas is a combination of Hydrogen, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide Water and some amount of Methane. Selected temperature and pressure for the reactor respectively is1900 [˚F] and 390 [Psi]. As indicated in the results, the best air and steam combination entering fixed bed reactor among 60 different combinations for dry waste is 0.2% of entering fuel volume for steam 0.25% of entering fuel volume for air heating value for this combination is 6471 [BTU/lb]. Furthermore, for the steam volumes of 1.5% to 0.9%, the percentage of H2 in the syngas increases by enhancing the volume of air content.

Influence of Metal Ions on Biomass Pyrolysis Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 278-280 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
Rui Rui Xiao ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Guang Suo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Earth Metal ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Recombination Reaction ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metal Ions

In order to understand the behavior of biomass pyrolysis, a series of pretreatment biomass were prepared with acid-washing and metal impregnated methods. The effects of metal ions on the yields of tar, char and gas from straw pyrolysis were analyzed in our lab scale fixed-bed reactor. Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal ions affect biomass pyrolysis process and the products heavily. The decreasing metal ions result in declining yield of semi-char and increasing yields of tar and gas. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis temperature corresponding maxium yield of tar increases. There exist marked catalytic effect of potassium, calcium and magnesium cations on the cracking of large molecular weight parts of tar and semi-char formation via recombination reaction of tar. As cause a higher production of char while a decrease of tar and gas production.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of palm empty fruit bunch: Yields and analysis of bio-oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bachrun Sutrisno ◽  
Arif Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

The palm oil industry is currently growing rapidly and generating large amounts of biomass waste that is not utilized properly. Palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB), by product of palm oil industry is considered as a promising alternative and renewable energy source that can be converted to a liquid product by pyrolysis process. In this work, pyrolysis of PEFB was studied to produce bio-oil. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a bench scale tubular furnace reactor. The effects of pyrolysis temperatures (400–600 °C) at heating rate of 10 °C/min to optimize the pyrolysis process for maximum liquid yield were investigated. The characteristics of bio-oil were analyzed using FTIR and GC–MS. The results showed that the maximum bio-oil yield was 44.5 wt. % of the product at 450 °C. The bio-oil products were mainly composed of acids, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oligomers. The chemical characterization showed that the bio-oil obtained from PEFB may be potentially valuable as a fuel and chemical feedstock.

Effects of Gangue on Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1394-1397
Author(s):  
Jin Wei Jia ◽  
Xin Qian Shu ◽  
He Long Hui ◽  
Xing Min Fu ◽  
Shu Cheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Pyrolytic Reaction ◽  
Liquid Yield

To investigate the effects of gangue on pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW), pyrolysis of MSW with gangue has been conducted by TG and fixed-bed reactor, respectively. The effect of gangue on pyrolysis product yields and compositions of gaseous products was investigated and the obtained results were compared with similar experiments without gangue. It was shown that gangue can improve the pyrolytic reaction of MSW, reduce the char yield, increase the liquid yield. And influences of gangue on yields of H2, CO, CH4 and CO2 were more apparent, the yields of H2, CO and CO2 with gangue were improved 12.5%, 11.8% and 175%, respectively, conversely, the yield of CH4 was reduced 15.4% compared with no gangue.

Experimental Studies on Thermal and Catalytic Slow Pyrolysis of Groundnut Shell to Pyrolytic Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
R.M. Alagu ◽  
E. Ganapathy Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Thermal Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolytic Oil ◽  
Groundnut Shell

Pyrolysis process in a fixed bed reactor was performed to derive pyrolytic oil from groundnut shell. Experiments were conducted with different operating parameters to establish optimum conditions with respect to maximum pyrolytic oil yield. Pyrolysis process was carried out without catalyst (thermal pyrolysis) and with catalyst (catalytic pyrolysis). The Kaolin is used as a catalyst for this study. The maximum pyrolytic oil yield (39%wt) was obtained at 450°C temperature for 1.18- 2.36 mm of particle size and heating rate of 60°C/min. The properties of pyrolytic oil obtained by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis were characterized through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques to identify the functional groups and chemical components present in the pyrolytic oil. The study found that catalytic pyrolysis produce more pyrolytic oil yield and improve the pH value, viscosity and calorific value of the pyrolytic oil as compared to thermal pyrolysis.

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