Gaseous and Solid Air Pollutants Formed during the Combustion of Heavy Metal Contaminated Oak and Poplar

In recent decades several industrial activities polluted the soil, which caused the accumulation of heavy metals to an extent greater than the natural concentration. This is mainly typical of countries, where mining and industry plays or has played an important role in the economy. The utilization of these lands is an economic interest, since locating the contamination, controlling its spreading and maintaining the area has costs. One of the methods for remediation is phytoextraction, during which heavy metals, especially harmful to water and soil, are removed from the soil by plants capable of accumulating contaminants. However, during the combustion of these plants their heavy metal content is replaced into the formed gaseous and solid combustion remains, so the hazard, composition and treating method of these remains must be defined by the appropriate examinations. In this article we present some part of the results of this research, where we examine the gaseous and solid pollutant content of flue gas formed during combustion, as well as the heavy metal content of fly ash. We made two different experiments for domestic and semiplant usage. We have used oak and poplar from a heavy metal contaminated area in both experiments. The domestic examination was conducted in a 7 kW hearth with a closed combustion chamber, the semiplant examination was carried out in a 0,5 MW capacity furnace equipped with an automatic fuel feeding system and a cyclone dust extractor. We have measured the composition of flue gas in both firing experiments with a HORIBA PG-250 type portable gas analyzer, in the case of the analysis of heavy metal content of fly ash DX4 EDAX EDS microprobe of an AMRAY 1830 I scanning electron microscope and ICP-AES, using a 720 ES instrument was used. Based on our results, it can be determined, that the combustion device used to burn biomass grown on heavy metal polluted areas – brownfield lands – must make it possible to separate fly ash from the flue gas and allow the handling of solid burning residues.

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Impact Imposed by Urbanization on Soil Heavy Metal Content of Lake Wetland and Evaluation of Ecological Risks in East Dongting Lake in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-339557/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yang Lin ◽

Kai Luo ◽

Zilin Su ◽

Yang Wu ◽

Wei Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Land Use ◽

Metal Content ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Research Area ◽

Dongting Lake ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Ecological Risks ◽

Positive Correlation

Abstract The urbanization is regarded as the major factor related to human activities that may interfere with the natural ecosystem. In this study, we have selected the wetland of East Dongting Lake as the research area. We have collected 180 soil samples (within the range of 0–20 cm, and 20cm-40cm), and we have measured the contents of their physicochemical properties (including salinity, pH value, soil particle composition, soil organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus) as well as heavy metal elements (including As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr). We have adopted the methods of multivariate statistical analysis and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, so as to to reveal the sources and distribution characteristics of heavy metal content in soil in the research area. By adopting the potential ecological risk index (PERI) method proposed by Hakanson, we intend to assess the PERI values of heavy metals. Our research findings have shown that: (1) 8 sorts of heavy metals have shown positive correlation with each other. As, Hg and Zn have shown a significantly positive correlation with SOC (P < 0.01); As, Ni, Cr and Zn have shown a significantly positive correlation with AP (P < 0.01); As and Pb have shown a significantly positive correlation with Clay (P < 0.01); whereas Hg and Zn have shown a significantly negative correlation with Silt (P < 0.01); As and Pb have shown a significantly negative correlation with Sand (P < 0.01). (2) During urbanization, the elements of Cd, Ni, As, Hg and Pb might be enriched due to agricultural and industrial activities, whereas the use of fertilizers and pesticides constitute one of the major factors contributing to the increase of Cd and Pb contents in soil. (3) Influenced by the varying land patterns and with exception to Cu, the Fe-normalized concentrations have shown significant variations among different types of land use (P < 0.05). Specifically, there is a significantly higher level of Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg contents in the agricultural land than other types of land use, whereas there is a slightly higher level of heavy metal content in the mudflats than that in the grassland. In addition, the content of heavy metals in woodland remains relatively stable, and with exception to As, the content of heavy metals in woodland is the lowest among the five types of land. (4) The average value of the comprehensive PERI in heavy metals amounts to 555.03, representing a strong degree of ecological risks. Specifically, the proportion of sampling points of Cd that have a high level of ecological risks amounts to 36.51%, which is the primary element contributing to heavy metal pollution in the region, especially in the agricultural land.

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The influence of soil microorganisms on heavy metal content in the substrate of waste rock dumps

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213100017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 00017

Author(s):

Natalia Makeeva ◽

Olga Neverova

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Content ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Waste Rock ◽

Soil Reclamation ◽

The Impact ◽

Concentration Limits

The environmental effects of mining and its impact on natural resources are of a holistic nature. One of the modern methods employed for the remediation of technogenically disturbed soils is the application of microorganisms. This paper studies the impact made by soil microorganisms on the accumulation rate of heavy metals in the substrate of waste rock dumps in the process of soil reclamation. Suspensions of soil microorganisms (microorganisms utilising mineral nitrogen forms / MUMN; microorganisms decomposing silicates / MDS; microscopic fungi / MF) were applied to the rock dump surface. Separate groups as well as their combinations were applied. The heavy metal content analysis did not indicate a significant exceedance of the maximum allowable concentration limits (MACL) in the soil of the waste rock. The only metal whose content exceeded the maximum admissible concentration limits was nickel. It has found that the application of microorganisms influences the concentration of several heavy metals due to pH level changes of the rock dump soil.

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HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN SOME SEAFOODS COLLECTED FROM MUARA ANGKE FISH AUCTION PLACE, JAKARTA.

Marine Research in Indonesia ◽

10.14203/mri.v26i1.407 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

Horas Hutagalung ◽

Suwirma Syamsu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Content ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

World Health ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Zn Content ◽

Standard Set ◽

Health Organization

Determination of heavy metal content (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn) in some seafoods collected from Muara Angke Fish Auction Place were carried out during February to July 1979. The results showed that Zn content in seafoods a nalyzed was always much higher than the other heavy metals. The concentration levels of the six heavy metals observed were low. It is almost of the same level as the metal concentration of other seafoods observed in various parts of the world oceans, but still lower than the maximum standard set for human consumption as established by Tasmania, Australia and World Health Organization. The mean per capita consumption of fish in Jakarta is only about 165 g per week, while the Provisional Tolerated Weekly Intake for Hg, set by WHO/FAO at 300 ug level, would be attained by consuming 1500 g Rastrelliger sp., or 698 gPenaeus setiferus, or 545 g Sepia sp., and or 1250 g Pecten sp. Therefore, at present the level of metal content in fishes sold at TPI Muara Angke can be considered as not dangerous to human health as long as these quantities are not surpassed.

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Assessment of heavy metal content in tree barks: Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus nigra (RETRACTED)

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.3.5047-5057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 5047-5057

Author(s):

Corneliu Tanase ◽

Adrian Nisca ◽

Argeime Lopez

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Picea Abies ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Metal Content ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Potential Health ◽

Tree Barks

Extracts obtained from the bark of woody plants are used for their high content in polyphenolic compounds with various biological activities. Thus, it is important to evaluate the heavy metals in various tree barks, as these pollutants may end up in the final product, affecting its properties and having potential health implications. This study assessed the heavy metal content in the barks of spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra) collected from different areas in Romania. After collecting the vegetal material from different sites, the bark samples were appropriately processed and analyzed via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results showed that 6 out of 8 tested samples exceeded the normal values of selenium (Se). Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were not detected in any sample, while other metals (chromium (Cr); lead (Pb); nickel (Ni)) were detected in variable amounts. Moreover, relatively high levels of heavy metals were recorded in a spruce bark sample collected from the seemingly most unpolluted site. Although further studies are needed to determine the effects of these heavy metals on extraction yields and their transfer into the final extracts, their presence might indicate a potential problem.

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Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Pada Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates calcarifer Bloch) di Perairan Mimika Papua

Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/jil.17.2.256-263 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 256

Author(s):

Rosye H.R. Tanjung ◽

Suwito Suwito ◽

Vita Purnamasari ◽

Suharno Suharno

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Content ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Sea Water ◽

Good Condition ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Lates Calcarifer ◽

Tailings Sand

Kebutuhan bahan pangan sangat tergantung pada ketersediaanya di lingungan. Bahan pangan yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari harus sehat dan bebas dari bahan pencemar, termasuk logam berat. Ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) sering dijumpai pada kawasan muara sungai di hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia, bahkan di Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, dan Hg pada ikan kakap putih (L. calcarifer) yang hidup di perairan estuari Mimika Papua. Perairan estuari di Mimika diketahui sebagai salah satu daerah pengendapan pasir sisa tambang (tailing). Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dan analisis laboratorium kandungan logam berat pada tubuh ikan. Analisis Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, dan Hg ditentukan dengan spektroskopi serapan atom (AAS, Atomic Absorpsion Spectroscopy). Penentuan tingkat pencemaran logam berat dilakukan dengan Metode Standar APHA 3113 Cetac Technologies SPR IDA. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan kandungan logam berat dalam air dengan baku mutu air laut menurut SK MNLH No. 51 tahun 2004. Untuk kandungan logam berat pada organ tubuh ikan dibandingkan dengan kandungan maksimum logam berat berdasarkan SNI 7387: 2009 tentang batas maksimum cemaran logam berat bahan pangan. Kandungan logam berat pada ikan kakap putih masih tergolong aman dikonsumsi karena mengandung logam berat di bawah ambang batas baku mutu. Kondisi ini didukung oleh hasil analisis logam berat pada air yang menunjukkan masih dalam kondisi baik. Kata kunci: L. calcarifer, logam berat, Sungai Kamora, Sungai Ajkwa, Mimika. The need for food depends on the availability in the environment. Foods needed to meet daily needs should be healthy and free of pollutants, including heavy metals. White snapper (Lates calcarifer) is often found in the estuary of the river in almost all parts of Indonesia, even in Papua. The purpose of this research is to study the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, and Hg on white snapper (L. calcarifer) which live in Mimika Papua estuary waters. The estuary waters of Mimika are known as one of the deposition areas of tailings sand. The method used is survey and laboratory analysis of heavy metal content in fish body. Analysis of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Hg was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Determination of the level of heavy metal contamination was done by Standard Method of APHA 3113 Cetac Technologies SPR IDA. Data analysis was done by comparing the heavy metal content in water with sea water quality standard according to SK MNLH No. 51 year 2004. For heavy metal content in fish body organs compared with maximum content of heavy metals based on SNI 7387: 2009 on the maximum limit of heavy metal food contamination. The content of heavy metals in white snapper is still considered safe for consumption because its below the quality standard threshold. This condition is supported by the results of heavy metal analysis on the water which shows still in good condition. Key words: L. calcarifer, heavy metal, Kamora River, Ajkwa River, Mimika.

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Use of Heavy Metal Content and Modified Water Quality Index to Assess Groundwater Quality in a Semiarid Area

Water ◽

10.3390/w12041115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1115 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ehsan Maskooni ◽

Mehran Naseri-Rad ◽

Ronny Berndtsson ◽

Kei Nakagawa

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Water Supply ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Metal Content ◽

Quality Index ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Entropy Weighted

Groundwater is a major source of drinking and agricultural water supply in arid and semiarid regions. Poor groundwater quality can be a threat to human health especially when it is combined with hazardous pollutants like heavy metals. In this study, an innovative method involving entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content was used for a semiarid region. The entropy weighted index was used to assess the groundwater’s suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. Thus, groundwater from 19 sampling sites was used for analyses of physicochemical properties (electrical conductivity—EC, pH, K+, Ca2+, Na+, SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−, TDS, NO3−, F−, biochemical oxygen demand—BOD, dissolved oxygen—DO, and chemical oxygen demand—COD) and heavy metal content (As, Ca, Sb, Se, Zn, Cu, Ba, Mn, and Cr). To evaluate the overall pollution status in the region, heavy metal indices such as the modified heavy metal pollution index (m-HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), Nemerow index (NeI), and ecological risks of heavy metals (ERI) were calculated and compared. The results showed that Cd concentration plays a significant role in negatively affecting the groundwater quality. Thus, three wells were classified as poor water quality and not acceptable for drinking water supply. The maximum concentration of heavy metals such as Cd, Se, and Sb was higher than permissible limits by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. However, all wells except one were suitable for agricultural purposes. The advantage of the innovative entropy weighted groundwater quality index for both physicochemical and heavy metal content, is that it permits objectivity when selecting the weights and reduces the error that may be caused by subjectivity. Thus, the new index can be used by groundwater managers and policymakers to better decide the water’s suitability for consumption.

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Heavy metal content in compost and earthworms from home composters

Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych ◽

10.1515/oszn-2017-0022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marta Bożym

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Content ◽

Total Content ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Allotment Gardens ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Polish Law

Abstract The paper presents the results of compost tests from home composters and earthworms living there, that treating waste into compost. The samples were taken from home composters and allotment gardens from Opole Region. The composting material was green waste. The total content of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni Cr) in compost and compost earthworms’ samples were determined. It was found that the compost samples were not contaminated with heavy metals. According to the Polish classification of composts from municipal wastes, the composts met the requirements for first class of quality. The composts did not exceed the limits of heavy metals specified in the Polish law for solid organic fertilizers. The degree of metal accumulation by compost earthworms depended on the type of metal. The high value of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was obtained for Cd, Pb and Zn. No accumulation of other metals (Ni, Cr, Cu) in earthworm bodies was found. It has been found that earthworm species, naturally occurring in Poland, can also be used as potential bioindicators of metals in the environment, such as the species Eisenia fetida. The aim of the study was to evaluate the heavy metal content in composts from home composters and ability to accumulate metals by compost earthworms.

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Evaluation and Content of Various Heavy Metals Found in the Fish (Chaeturichthys Stigmatias Richardson) Collected from the Oil Spill Area of Bohai Bay (China) during the Summer

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1448 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 1448-1451

Author(s):

Hong Wei Wang ◽

Na Zhu ◽

Duan Bo Cai ◽

Yong Fang Wang ◽

Yu Wei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Metal Content ◽

Fish Tissue ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Bohai Bay

The heavy metal content in fish (Chaeturichthys stigmatias Richardson) tissue in the oil spill area of Bohai Bay had been evaluated though the determination results, the distribution and variation difference of the heavy metal content in fish tissue had been discussed The fish of each sample stations were not polluted by heavy metals.

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Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil in Zhuzhou Smelting

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.4246 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 926-930 ◽

pp. 4246-4249

Author(s):

Jing Yi Wang ◽

Jiang Xue Long ◽

Hong Wei Lu

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Zinc Sulfide ◽

Metal Content ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Microwave Digestion ◽

Heavy Metal Content ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Production Areas

To date, environmental issues become increasingly prominent, especially heavy metal (Pb and Zn) pollution of soil. This paper describes the procedure of detecting heavy metal content in soil from Zhuzhou Smelting in order to understand the contamination degree of heavy metals. An extensive soil survey was conducted in the plant include lead and zinc major production areas. Microwave digestion and ICP-AES technology were used to test metal content in soil. The results revealed that the soil in the area had been polluted by Pb and Zn, however, the pollution degree of each type of metals was not identical. In general, the Smelting was slightly polluted by heavy metals, with the highest concentration being in the Zinc sulfide plant. The heavy metal content in deep soil was a little bit higher than surface except for the Zinc sulfide plant. The reason may related to its particular location.

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