Modulus of Elasticity of Schizolobium amazonicum Wood Evaluated by Transversal Vibration Technique

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Henrique de Almeida ◽  
Raquel Schmitt Cavalheiro ◽  
Fabiane Salles Ferro ◽  
Tiago Hendrigo de Almeida ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Transverse Vibration ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Vibration Technique ◽  
Small Incidence ◽  
Vibration Tests

Schizolobium amazonicum is being much used in Brazil for several purposes because, besides being a native Brazilian wood specie, has important features such as low density and small incidence of natural defects. At this point, researches with the purpose of obtaining further knowledge of their properties are being conducted to better targeting their use. The aim of this research is to evaluate the modulus of elasticity of structural size pieces of Schizolobium amazonicum wood using the technique of transverse vibration. Tests were carried out using 30 pieces (standard moisture content 12%) with sizes of 3 cm x 15 cm x 2.5 m. The average value of elastic modulus determined for lumber of Schizolobium amazonicum was interesting to its low specific gravity.

scholarly journals Distribution of Vascular Bundles and Physical Properties Analysis of Variety DxP Oil Palm Trunk Based on Various Zones and Trunk Heights

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Erwinsyah Erwinsyah
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Board Density ◽  
Oil Palm Trunk ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Regression Test

In an attempt to obtain a homogenous board density from the palm trunk, this research was carried out to analyze the distribution of vascular bundles and the physical properties of the oil palm trunk (moisture content, density, and specific gravity) in various zones and trunk heights. Oil palm trunk samples were used from 29 years old palm (Planted on 1991) which acquired from Aek Pancur Experimental plantation, Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI). The oil palm trunk sample was cut based on the trunk zones (peripheral, central, and inner), and trunk heights (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 m). The observed parameters were vascular bundles, moisture content, density, and specific gravity. The results showed that the highest number of vascular bundles in the peripheral zone (73.66 vb/cm2). In addition that, the highest density and specific gravity also found in peripheral zone with an average 0,73 gram/cm3  and 0.53, whereas the highest moisture content was found in the inner zone with an average value 141%(w/w). Furthermore, the statistical analysis ((ANOVA and regression test (R2)) in this study showed that the trunk zone factor was more significant than the trunk height for all observed parameters (distribution of vascular bundles, moisture content, density and specific gravity).

scholarly journals Evaluation the Effects of Some Relevant Parameters on Elastic Modulus of Pumpkin Seed and Its Kernel

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour-Fard ◽  
Rasool Khodabakhshian ◽  
Bagher Emadi ◽  
Hasan Sadrnia
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Compression Loading ◽  
Average Modulus

The elastic modulus of two varieties of Iranian pumpkin seed and its kernel (namely, Zaria and Gaboor) were evaluated as a function of size (large, medium, and small), loading rate (2, 5, 8, and 10 mm/min), and moisture content (4, 7.8, 14, and 20% d.b) under quasistatic compression loading. The results showed that elastic modulus of pumpkin seed and its kernel decreased with increasing moisture content and also increasing loading rate, for the varieties under study. The average modulus of elasticity of pumpkin seed from 68.86 to 46.65 Mpa and from 97.14 to 74.93 Mpa was obtained for moisture levels ranging from 4 to 20%, for Zaria and Gaboor varieties, respectively. The elastic modulus of pumpkin seed decreased from 73.55 to 43.04 Mpa and from 101.83 to 71.32 Mpa with increasing loading rate from 2 to 10 mm/min for Zaria and Gaboor varieties, respectively.

Properties of Gliricidia Wood (Gliricidia sepium) lntercropped with Cocoa (Theobroma cocoa) in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Mohd Helmy Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Nazip Suratman ◽  
Razali Abd Kader
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Cell Wall Thickness ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Lumen Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference

Trees planted from agroforestry practices can become valuable resources in meeting the wood requirements of many nations. Gliricidia sepium is an exotic species introduced to the agricultural sector in Malaysia mainly for providing shade for cocoa and coffee plantations. This study investigates its wood physical properties (specific gravity and moisture content) and fibre morphology (length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness) of G. sepium at three intervals according to age groups ( three, five and seven years of ages). Specific gravity (0.72) was significantly higher at seven years ofage as compared to five (0.41) and three (0.35) years age group with a mean of 0.43 (p<0.05). Mean moisture content was 58.3% with no significant difference existing between the tree age groups. Fibre diameter (22.4 mm) was significantly lower (p<0.05) for the trees which were three years of age when compared to five and seven years age groups (26.6 mm and 24. 7 mm), respectively. Means of fibre length, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were 0.83 mm, 18.3 mm, and 6.2 mm, respectively, with no significant differences detected between trees in all age groups. Further calculation on the coefficient of suppleness and runkel ratio suggest that wood from G.sepium may have the potential for insulation board manufacturing and paper making. However, future studies should experiment the utilisation of this species for these products to determine its full potential.

ANALYSIS OF SOUND SPEED IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION AT REFERENCE MOISTURE CONTENT (w = 12 %) IN SAWMILL ASSORTMENTS (FAGUS SYLVATICA, L.)

Akustika ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Alena Rohanová
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Structural Timber ◽  
Sound Speeds ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Round Timber

This paper explores the analysis of sound speeds in the longitudinal direction and their reduction to the reference moisture content w = 12 %. The sound speed cw was determined with Sylvatest Duo device. Moisture content of beech sawmill assortments (round timber: N = 16, logs: N = 2 × 16, structural boards: N = 54) in the range of 12 – 72 % was measured. For the analysis purposes, the sound speed was converted to reference conditions (c12, uref = 12%). A second-degree polynomial (parabola) with a regression equation of the form: c// = 5649 - 27,371 × w + 0.0735 × w2 was used to convert cw to c12, and correction of measured and calculated values was used as well. The sound speeds c12 in sawmill assortments (c12,round, c12,log, c12,board) were evaluated by linear dependences. Dependence was not confirmed for c12,round and c12,board1 (r = 0.168), in contrast for c12,round and c12,log2 the dependence is statistically very significant (r = 0.634). The results of testing showed that the most suitable procedure for predicting quality of structural timber is the first step round timber – log2, the second step: log2 - board2. More exact results of the construction boards were obtained from log2 than from log1. The sound speed is used in the calculation of dynamic modulus of elasticity (Edyn). EN 408 mentions the possibility of using dynamic modulus of elasticity as an alternative method in predicting the quality of structural timber.

scholarly journals Comparison of Geotechnical Properties of Laterite, Kaolin and Peat

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1438-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Aimi Nadia Mohd Yusoff ◽  
I. Bakar ◽  
Devapriya Chitral Wijeyesekera ◽  
Adnan Zainorabidin ◽  
Aziman Madun
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
General Information ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Soil Behaviour

This paper compares some geotechnical properties of Kaolin, Laterite and Peat. Laterite was collected from Bukit Banang while Peat sample was collected from Parit Nipah, both locations were in Batu Pahat, Johor. Meanwhile, kaolin that was used in this research was manufactured kaolin. These soil samples were subjected to routine laboratory analysis and resulting data were analyzed statistically using a correlation analysis. A laboratory testing program consists of “Basic properties test” to obtain general information on the materials (e.g Natural moisture content, Atterberg Limit, Specific gravity, grain size analysis, chemical composition and pH) and “Geotechnical properties tests” to measure specific properties that characterize soil behaviour for design and constructability assessments (e.g Standard Proctor Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength and CBR).The results showed that the Natural/initial moisture content for laterite, peat and kaolin is 22.54%, 480.61% and 0.22% respectively. Meanwhile Specific gravity for each soil was in the range 1.50-2.79.It was also found that the pH of all soil is acidic which lay in the range of 3.76-5.95.The UCS for the optimally compacted sample of laterite is 445.77 kPa, kaolin is 199.23 kPa and for peat is 58.70 kPa. This paper summarizes the result of analysis performed on all tests conducted. Based on the results, the geotechnical property of the soil is a highly dependent with the type of soil and therefore, determining the soil characterization and the soil strength should be considered during the planning phase of any earthwork construction operation.

Medium Density Particleboard with Addition of Impregnated Paper

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
Juliana Cortez Barbosa ◽  
Anderson Luiz da Silva Michelon ◽  
Elen Aparecida Martines Morales ◽  
Cristiane Inácio de Campos ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Layer Medium ◽  
Determine Moisture Content

The aim of this research was to produce three-layer Medium Density Particleboard (MDP), with the addition of impregnated paper, in the inner layer, in proportions of 1; 5 and 20%. In this study, MDP was composed with particles of small size in outer layers, and larger particles in internal layer. After panel manufacturing, physical and mechanical tests based on Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 14.810 were carried out to determine moisture content; density; thickness swelling; water absorption; modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in static bending and internal adhesion. Test results were compared to commercial panels, produced with 100% Eucalyptus, considering the requirements specified by Brazilian Code. Properties presented values close to normative specifications, indicating positively the possibility of production of MDP using addition of waste paper impregnated.

Influence of Moisture Content in some Mechanical Properties of Two Brazilian Tropical Wood Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Melgaço N. Branco ◽  
Eduardo Chahud ◽  
André Luis Christoforo ◽  
Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr ◽  
Rosane A.G. Battistelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Fiber Saturation ◽  
Brazilian Standard

This study aimed, with the aid of analysis of variance (ANOVA), to investigate and quantify the influence of moisture ranging between 12% and over 30% (fiber saturation) on the mechanical properties: strength and modulus of elasticity in compression and in tension parallel to grain; modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in static bending; shear strength parallel to grain considering wood species Ipê (Tabebuia sp) and Angelim Araroba (Vataireopsis araroba). Tests were performed according to the assumptions and calculating methods Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190, Anexx B, totalizing 400 tests. Results of ANOVA revealed a significant reduction (16% on average) for mechanical properties wood due to the increase in moisture content from 12% to over 30% (fiber saturation). The same behavior also occurred when assembly containing the two species was considered.

Selected Properties of Parallel Strand Lumber Made from Southern Pine and Yellow-Poplar

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
A.W.C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Yellow Poplar ◽  
Average Modulus ◽  
Parallel Strand Lumber

Summary This study was conducted to explore basic physical and mechanical properties of parallel strand lumber (PSL) made exclusively from southern pine and yellow-poplar, respectively, and to examine their relationships using statistical analysis. Small specimens were prepared from commercial southern pine PSL and yellow-poplar PSL billets and tested for specific gravity, moisture content, dimensional stability, bending properties, shear strength and compressive strength. Results indicate average specific gravity of southern pine PSL is higher than that of yellow-poplar PSL, while their average moisture content and dimensional stability are very similar. Southern pine PSL has higher average modulus of elasticity but lower average modulus of rupture than yellow-poplar PSL. While average longitudinal shear strength does not exhibit differences between southern pine PSL and yellow-poplar PSL, average compressive strength of southern pine PSL is higher than that of yellow-poplar PSL. There are positive correlations among modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and specific gravity. PSL improves some properties of solid wood from which PSL is made.

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