Residual Stress Measurements in Multi-Pass Welded High Strength Steel Using Energy Dispersive Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

2014 ◽  
Vol 922 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
H. Gao ◽  
R.M. Huizenga ◽  
R.K. Dutta ◽  
M. Amirthalingam ◽  
M.J.M. Hermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tensile Stresses ◽  
Transverse Tensile

Six pass welds were made on a 16 mm thick high strength quenched and tempered structural steel plate (S690QL1, Fe-0.16C-0.2Si-0.87Mn-0.33Cr-0.21Mo (wt.%)). Depth resolved measurements in two orthogonal directions were carried out using energy dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction at the ID15 beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The strains were calculated from the shift in the local d-spacing for four bcc planes ({200}, {211}, {220}, {310}). The planar stresses were calculated from the biaxial Hooke’s law, using the diffraction elastic constants of the individual planes. A two dimensional cross-sectional residual stress map with a depth resolution of 2 mm was obtained. Transverse compressive stresses were found at the weld toes and root. Transverse tensile stresses were present in the middle of the plate. Longitudinal tensile stresses concentrated along the fusion line. This work describes the procedures to obtain the depth resolved residual stress map and the generated results provide necessary information to validate thermal mechanical finite element model of multi-pass welding.

Simulation and Experiment on the Residual Stress in Super-High Speed Grinding

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
Yue Ming Liu ◽  
Ya Dong Gong ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Ting Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Speed Grinding ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Cylindrical Workpiece

In this paper, effective finite element model have been developed to simulation the plastic deformation cutting in the process for a single particle via the software of ABAQUS, observing the residual stress distribution in the machined surface, the experiment of grinding cylindrical workpiece has been brought in the test of super-high speed grinding, researching the residual stress under the machined surface by the method of X-ray diffraction, which can explore the different stresses from different super-high speed in actual, and help to analyze the means of reducing the residual stresses in theory.

X-Ray Residual Stress Measurement on Stress Corrosion Fracture Surfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tsuda ◽  
Yukio Hirose ◽  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fracture Surfaces

X-ray fractography is a new method utilizing the X-ray diffraction technique to observe the fracture surface for the analysis of the micromechanisms and mechanics of fracture. X-ray residual stress has been confirmed to be a particularly useful parameter when studying the fracture surfaces of high strength steels. The method has been applied to the fracture surface of fracture toughness and fatigue specimens.

X-ray Residual Stress Measurement on Fracture Surface of Stress Corrosion Cracking

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Tsuda ◽  
Yukic Hirose ◽  
Zenjiro Yajima ◽  
Keisuke Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

X-ray fractography is a new method utilizing the X-ray diffraction technique to observe the fracture surface for the analysis of the micromechanisms and mechanics of fracture. The X-ray residual stress has been confirmed to be a particularly useful parameter when studying the fracture surfaces of high strength steels. The method has been applied to the fracture surface of fracture toughness and fatigue specimens.

Preparation of AlN thin films by means of CVD using iodide source under atmospheric pressure

2007 ◽  
Vol 1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Iwane ◽  
Naoki Wakiya ◽  
Naonori Sakamoto ◽  
Takato Nakamura ◽  
Hisao Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Sapphire Substrate ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aluminum Iodide

AbstractEpitaxial aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were successfully prepared on the (0001) sapphire substrate by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using aluminum iodide (AlI3) and ammonia (NH3) under atmospheric pressure at 750 ºC. The crystallographic relationship between AlN thin films and Al2O3 substrate is in the following; AlN(0001)//Al2O3(0001) and AlN[1010]//Al2O3[1120]. Lattice parameters of AlN thin film measured by X-ray diffraction revealed that c=0.498 and a=0.311 nm, respectively. Residual stress estimated by modified sin2ψ method was 0.38 GPa in compressive stress. Cross-sectional TEM observation revealed that an interlayer lies between the AlN films and the sapphire substrate. It was suggested that relaxation of residual stress caused by the mismatching of lattice parameter and thermal expansion coefficient was brought about by the interlayer.

Residual Stresses in Butt Welding of Two Circular Pipes: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurinder Singh Brar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Element Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Welding is a reliable and efficient joining process in which the coalescence of metals is achieved by fusion. Welding is carried out with a very complex thermal cycle which results in irreversible elastic-plastic deformation and residual stresses in and around fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ). A residual stress due to welding arises from the differential heating of the plates due to the weld heat source. Residual stresses may be an advantage or disadvantage in structural components depending on their nature and magnitude. The beneficial effect of these compressive stresses have been widely used in industry as these are believed to increase fatigue strength of the component and reduce stress corrosion cracking and brittle fracture. But due to the presence of residual stresses in and around the weld zone the strength and life of the component is also reduced. To understand the behavior of residual stresses, two 10 mm thick Fe410WC mild steel plates are butt welded using the Metal Active Gas (MAG) process. An experimental method (X-ray diffraction) and numerical analysis (finite element analysis) were then carried out to calculate the residual stress values in the welded plates. Three types of V-butt weld joint — two-pass, three-pass and four-pass were considered in this study. In multi-pass welding operation the residual stress pattern developed in the material changes with each weld pass. In X-ray diffraction method, the residual stresses were derived from the elastic strain measurements using a Young’s modulus value of 210 GPa and Poisson’s ratio of 0.3. Finite element method based, SolidWorks software was used to develop coupled thermal-mechanical three dimension finite element model. The finite element model was evaluated for the transient temperatures and residual stresses during welding. Also variations of the physical and mechanical properties of material with the temperature were taken into account. The numerical results for peak transverse residual stresses attained in the welded plates for two-pass, three-pass and four-pass welded joint were 67.7 N/mm2, 58.6 N/mm2, and 48.1 N/mm2 respectively. The peak temperature attained during welding process comes out to be 970°C for two-pass weld, 820.8°C for three-pass weld and 651.9°C for four-pass weld. It can be concluded that due to increase in the number of passes during welding process or deposition weld beads, the residual stresses and temperature distribution decrease. Also, the results obtained by finite element method agree well with those from experimental X-ray diffraction method.

Fatigue Failure, Residual Stress and Misorientation - A Possible Correlation

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 307-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Biswas ◽  
P.S. Kannaki ◽  
Satish Kumar Shekhawat ◽  
Indradev Samajdar ◽  
V. Deshmukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Martensitic Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Back Scattered Diffraction ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

Two grades of Steel, with tempered martensitic structure, were used for fatigue tests. From such tests, samples were obtained with significant differences in the probability of fatigue failure. The latter was related to surface/sub-surface misorientation developments and developments in compressive residual stresses. A combination of glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and high resolution cross-sectional EBSD (electron back scattered diffraction) were used. The study brings out a clear correlation between misorientation, residual stress and fatigue life.

Laser Welding of AISI 316 Steel: Microstructural and Stress Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Yilbas ◽  
Sohail Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Element Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooling Period ◽  
Thermal Stress Field ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Aisi 316 ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Thermal-stress field in the welded region was modeled incorporating the finite element model. Temperature and stress fields were predicted at different cooling periods. The morphological and metallurgical changes in the welded region were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopes, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The residual stress formed at the surface vicinity of the weld was determined using the X-ray diffraction technique. It was found that the residual stress predicted agreed well with the experimental data. The solidification cracking did not occur in the weld section during the cooling period. The microhardness in the weld cross-section was almost 1.4 times the base material hardness.

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