A Facile Method to Preparation of Amphiphilic Perylene Tetracarboxylic Diimide/ZnS Hybrid Nanocomposites and Improved Semiconducting Property

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Gang Song ◽  
Hong Yan Wang ◽  
Nian Shuai An ◽  
Yan Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Organic Template ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Zns Nanocrystals ◽  
Semiconducting Property ◽  
Scanning Electron

A self-assembled film of an amphiphilic perylene tetracarboxylic diimide derivative (N-hexane-N'-(1-phenyl-4-aminoethanol)-1,7-di (4-tert-butylphenoxy) perylene-3,4;9,10-tetracarboxylate diimide, HH-PDI) has been used as the organic template to produce the first example of monodispersed nanoparticles of HH-PDI/ZnS composites. The HH-PDI pure film and HH-PDI/ZnS nanocomposites were characterized by UV-vis absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. Experimental results revealed the film crystallinity and general molecular order for HH-PDI molecules in the nanocomposites are improved effectively in comparison with those in the pure film due to the introduction of ZnS nanocrystals. The electrical conductivity of the HH-PDI/ZnS nanocomposites (6.6×10-5 S cm-1) is more than ca. 2 order of magnitude higher than that of (3.6×10-7 S cm-1). The present result provides an efficient way to improve the performance of organic semiconductors through introducing inorganic semiconducting nanocrystals.

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Nanozinc Oxide Varistor

2011 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 190-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mirzayi ◽  
Mohammad Hoseen Hekmatshoar ◽  
Abdolazim Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Voltage Characteristic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Method ◽  
Zno Powder ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanometer-sized ZnO powder was synthesized at low decomposing temperature by polyacrylamide-gel method where Acrylamide was used as monomer, and N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide as lattice reagent. The characteristic of powders were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated uniform distribution of nanoZnO particles. Also electrical properties were investigated at different sintering temperatures of 800, 900 and 1000 ° C. It was observed that increase in sintering temperature, resulted in increase in the grain size of the varistor ceramics. The observed nonlinearity in current – voltage characteristic was explained by the existence of potential barrier at the grain boundaries and lowering of the barriers.

NATURAL RUBBER HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH SWELLED ORGANOCLAY AND NANO-CALCIUM CARBONATE

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedayatollah Sadeghi Ghari ◽  
Zahra Shakouri
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reinforcing Agent ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Two natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites have been prepared with organoclay(MMT) and swelled organoclay (SMMT) using melt intercalation method. The effect of these two MMTss on the morphology, rheometery, and mechanical behaviors of NR has been evaluated. Scorch times for the MMT-filled compounds were very short compared to unfilled compounds. A more pronounced effect was achieved by using SMMT as reinforcing agent. The obtained results reveal that nanocomposites reinforced by SMMT have more adequate morphology, rheometery, and mechanical behaviors as well as swelling resistance. The microstructure of the NR/MMT systems was studied by x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Following, the effect of different content of nano-calcium carbonate on dispersion of MMT layers in NR/SMMT nanocomposites was investigated. The results show that the optimized value of filler in dual fillers-based nanocomposite systems was equal to 10 phr nano-calcium carbonate. NR based hybrid nanocomposites containing SMMT and nano-calcium carbonate was showed 445% increase in tensile strength, 144% stress improvement at 100% strain, and only 3% increase in elongation at break compared to pure NR.

Effect of Seed Amounts on the Synthesis of Zeolite ZSM-5 Using Coal Bottom Ash and Rice Husk as Sources of Silica and Alumina by Using Seeding Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 948 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Anggun Lestari ◽  
Simparmin B. Ginting ◽  
Hens Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Organic Template ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Seeding Method ◽  
Percent Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Electron

ZSM-5 has been successfully synthesized by seeding method using coal bottom ash and rice husk as the sources of silica and alumina.Synthesis ZSM-5 were performed by the hydrothermal method in autoclave autogenous at 180 °C for 36 h with molar ratio 10Na : 50SiO : 2Al2O3 : 500H2O with the addition of ZSM-5 commercial as seed. In this experiments, investigated variations seed amounts of 5, 10, 15, and 20% of weight silica. The product was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET). Resulted showed that ZSM-5 succeed formed in all variation of seed contain. At variation seed amount 5%, crystallinity obtained still low in which content of quartz phase still be high. Percent crystallinity highest obtained at the variation of seed amount 20% with the result percent crystallinity relative 106%. The experimental results revealed that phase transformation has occurred, in which an amorphous phase of coal bottom ash and rice husk has been transformed to the ZSM-5 crystal with addition seed as substitution organic template.

Varistor Beahavior in Lead Based Perovskite Comounds

2001 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Sharma ◽  
R.N.P. Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Reaction Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ptcr Effect ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Structure And Microstructure ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polycrystalline samples of Pb(Cd1/2W1/2)O3 and Pb(Mo1/2W1/2)O3 were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. Preliminary crystal structure and microstructure of the compounds at room temperature were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The dielectric permittivity (⊏) and losstangent (tan ⊏) of the compounds were obtained both as a function of frequency(103-104Hz) atroom temperature and temperature (30-3200C) at 10 kHz. Both the ac and dc conductivity have been studied over a wide range of temperature. The current– voltage (I-V) characteristics of the compound studied at different temperatures reveal that the Pb(Cd1/2W1/2)O3 also has excellent varistor behavior. A PTCR effect and NTCR effect was exhibited by Pb(Cd1/2W1/2)O3 and Pb(Cd1/2Mo1/2)O3 respectively.

Mo—In—Mn Based Ohmic Contact to P—GaAs

1989 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Kalkur ◽  
Y.C. Lu ◽  
Robert Caracciolo
Keyword(s):  
Ohmic Contact ◽  
Heat Pulse ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Contact Metallization ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTMo—In—Mn metallization is used to form ohmic contact on Be—implanted Rapid Thermally annealed GaAs. The rapid thermal alloying of Mo—In—Mn contact metallization is performed at various temperatures and times in A.G. Associates Heat Pulse 410 system in forming gas atmosphere. The electrical properties of the contacts were analyzed by current-voltage and contact resistivity measurements. The microstructures of the contacts were analyzed using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, x-ray diffraction and secondary ion mass spectroscopy.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 synthesized by anodization and anodic spark deposition

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (61) ◽  
pp. 3141-3152
Author(s):  
Alma C. Chávez-Mejía ◽  
Génesis Villegas-Suárez ◽  
Paloma I. Zaragoza-Sánchez ◽  
Rafael Magaña-López ◽  
Julio C. Morales-Mejía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Amorphous Solids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Anodic Spark Oxidation ◽  
Porous Surfaces ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractSeveral photocatalysts, based on titanium dioxide, were synthesized by spark anodization techniques and anodic spark oxidation. Photocatalytic activity was determined by methylene blue oxidation and the catalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated after 70 hours of reaction. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X Ray Diffraction analysis were used to characterize the catalysts. The photocatalyst prepared with a solution of sulfuric acid and 100 V presented the best performance in terms of oxidation of the dye (62%). The electric potential during the synthesis (10 V, low potential; 100 V, high potential) affected the surface characteristics: under low potential, catalyst presented smooth and homogeneous surfaces with spots (high TiO2 concentration) of amorphous solids; under low potential, catalyst presented porous surfaces with crystalline solids homogeneously distributed.

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