Biogas Production from Swine Manure Co-Digestion with Hyacinth

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 304-308
Author(s):  
Sorrasak Thayai ◽  
Supawat Vivanpatarakij
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Maximum Quantity

The suitable ratio between swine manure and hyacinth for biogas production was considered. From Ratchaburi Province, the swine manure and hyacinth were taken from the pig farm and natural canal, respectively. For this study, mixing ratios between swine manure with hyacinth are 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0, considered by dry basis. The anaerobic digesters were studied total mixing volume 300 ml in 500 ml volumetric flask on shaker. Total dry substrate is 2 g every ratio, swine manure and hyacinth. And microbial inoculum from pig farm is 3 g (dry basis). The experimental results showed the proportion of 0:100 illustrate the maximum quantity of biogas accumulated equal 243.48 ml. And the ratio of 100:0 shows the minimum cumulative biogas volume equal 33.60 ml. The analysis of the gas production, the blend of swine manure per hyacinth has the highest percentage of methane ratio is 0:100 (CH4=6.4%), and the lowest percentage is the ratio of 100:0 (CH4=0.5 %). For carbon dioxide production, the highest percentage of carbon dioxide is ratio of 0:100 (CO2=4.1 %) and the lowest is ratio 100:0 (CO2=0.9 %). Percentage of methane to compare with total percentage of methane and carbon dioxide has the highest percentage is the ratio of 25:75 (CH4=63.9 %), and the lowest percentage is the ratio of 100:0 (CH4=35.7 %). The highest to compare the lowest, percentage of methane per total percentage of methane and carbon dioxide is percentage of methane ratio 25:75 more than ratio 100:0 is 1.79.

Methane and carbon dioxide production in, transport through, and efflux from a peatland

1995 ◽  
Vol 351 (1696) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Concentration Profile ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Small Peak

The top 5-50 cm of a peat deposit above the water table are predominantly oxic while below that the peat is anoxic. The concentrations of CH 4 and CO 2 in the peat below 50 cm do not change with the seasons. The concentrations are greatest at or near the base of the peat and decrease quadratically upwards, consistent with a gas production rate (CH 4 + CO 2 ) of 0.03 μ mol cm -3 a -1 and movement by diffusion. The upward efflux of CH 4 , calculated from the concentration profile in deep peat, is 1, and of CO 2 is 17 μ mol m -2 h -1 . Just below the water table there is a small peak in CH 4 concentration. The peak concentrations are greater in summer than in winter. This indicates a second, seasonal and local, but not yet quantified source of CH 4 . Effluxes of CH 4 from the peatland surface range from ordinary summer maxima of about 200 down to winter values less than 10 μ mol m -2 h -1 , and at times negative values. The efflux from hummocks is usually about a third of that from hollows. These results indicate that methane oxidation may be important in hummocks.

scholarly journals Narasin as a Manure Additive to Reduce Methane Production from Swine Manure

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 943-953
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Andersen ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Steven L. Trabue ◽  
Brian J. Kerr ◽  
Adina Howe
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Sugar Addition ◽  
Swine Operations

Abstract. High levels of methane production from swine operations have been associated with foam accumulation in deep-pit manure storage systems. This foam poses both a safety concern (i.e., flash fires) and operational challenges in managing stored manure. Mitigating methane production is one approach to controlling foam accumulation. In this study, swine manures obtained from three deep-pit storage barns in central Iowa were dosed with narasin to evaluate its inhibitory effects on methane and biogas production. Dose rates ranged from 0 to 3.0 mg narasin kg-1 manure. Overall, methane rates were reduced by 9% for each mg of narasin added per kg of manure, and this reduction was effective for up to 25 days. However, the inhibitory effect weakened with time such that no statistical difference in cumulative methane production between samples dosed with narasin and undosed controls could be detected after 120 days of incubation. In addition to methane rates, narasin addition reduced the degradation of total and volatile solids in the manure by 1.9% and 2.6%, respectively, for each mg of narasin added per kg of manure. Additional study treatments included sugar (10 g kg-1 manure) with and without narasin (1.5 mg narasin kg-1 manure). Results from this treatment showed that methane production was initially increased by the sugar addition, but the effect lasted less than six days, at which point cumulative methane production was similar to the control. When treated with both narasin and sugar, the inhibitory effect did not impact gas production during the sugar digestion phase but did reduce methane and biogas production thereafter. The addition of sugar and the rate of narasin addition caused changes to the microbial community as compared to the control. Overall, the results indicated that narasin can be an effective additive for reducing methane emission from swine manure, but further study is needed to recommend dosing frequency and to evaluate how continuous addition of manure impacts narasin effectiveness. Keywords: Biogas, Manure management, Manure treatment, Methane, Narasin, Swine manure, Swine production.

scholarly journals Shedding light on biogas: a transparent reactor triggers the development of a biofilm dominated by Rhodopseudomonas faecalis that holds potential for improved biogas production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Abendroth ◽  
Adriel Latorre- Pérez ◽  
Manuel Porcar ◽  
Claudia Simeonov ◽  
Olaf Luschnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Effect Of Light

AbstractConventional anaerobic digesters intended for the production of biogas usually operate in complete darkness. Therefore, little is known about the effect of light on microbial communities operating in anaerobic digesters. In the present work, we have studied through 16S rRNA gene amplicon Nanopore sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing the taxonomic and functional structure of the microbial community forming a biofilm on the inner wall of a lab-scale transparent anaerobic biodigester illuminated with natural sunlight. The biofilm was composed of microorganisms involved in the four metabolic processes needed for biogas production. The biofilm proved surprisingly rich in Rhodopseudomonas faecalis, a versatile bacterium able to carry out a photoautotroph metabolism when grown under anaerobic conditions. Our results suggest that this bacterium, able to fix carbon dioxide, could be considered for its use in transparent biogas fermenters in order to contribute to the production of optimized biogas with a higher CH4:CO2 ratio than the biogas produced in regular, opaque digesters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study supporting illuminated bioreactors as a new bioprocess for the obtention of biogas enriched in methane.

scholarly journals Effect of Combined Inoculation on Biogas Production from Hardly Degradable Material

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Achinas ◽  
Gerrit Euverink
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Optimal Mixing ◽  
Mesophilic Conditions

The goal of this research was to appraise the effect of combined inoculation on the performance of anaerobic digesters treating hardly degradable material, and particularly the pressed fine sieved fraction (PFSF) derived from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Batch tests were conducted in mesophilic conditions in order to examine the optimal mixing ratio of inoculums. Mixing ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100 of three different inoculums were applied in the batch tests. The findings indicated that the inoculation of digested activated sludge with digested organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the ratio 25:75 resulted in a higher PFSF degradation and a higher biogas yield. The results from the kinetic analysis fit well with the results from the batch experiment.

scholarly journals Aeration to Improve Biogas Production by Recalcitrant Feedstock

Environments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Loughrin ◽  
Nanh Lovanh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Low Levels

Digestion of wastes to produce biogas is complicated by poor degradation of feedstocks. Research has shown that waste digestion can be enhanced by the addition of low levels of aeration without harming the microbes responsible for methane production. This research has been done at small scales and without provision to retain the aeration in the digestate. In this paper, low levels of aeration were provided to poultry litter slurry through a sub-surface manifold that retained air in the sludge. Digestate (133 L) was supplied 0, 200, 800, or 2000 mL/day air in 200 mL increments throughout the day via a manifold with a volume of 380 mL. Digesters were fed 400 g of poultry litter once weekly until day 84 and then 600 g thereafter. Aeration at 200 and 800 mL/day increased biogas production by 14 and 73% compared to anaerobic digestion while aeration at 2000 mL/day decreased biogas production by 19%. Biogas quality was similar in all digesters albeit carbon dioxide and methane were lowest in the 2000 mL/day treatment. Increasing feed to 600 g/week decreased gas production without affecting biogas quality. Degradation of wood disks placed within the digesters was enhanced by aeration.

Velocity gradient as a tool to characterise the link between mixing and biogas production in anaerobic waste digesters

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2800-2806 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sindall ◽  
J. Bridgeman ◽  
C. Carliell-Marquet
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Gradient ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Cfd Models ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Velocity Gradients ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

Whilst the importance of mixing in anaerobic digesters to enhance process performance and gas production is well recognised, the specific effects of mixing regime on biogas production are not clear. Here, the velocity gradient is used to demonstrate the importance of minimally mixed zones in a digester, with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models indicating that 20–85% of a laboratory-scale digester experiences local velocity gradients of less than 10 s−1, dependent on mixing speed. Experimental results indicate that there is a threshold above which increased mixing speed (and hence velocity gradient) becomes counter-productive and biogas production falls. The effects of minimal mixing on digester microbiology are considered with the creation or destruction of localised pockets of high acetate concentration providing a possible explanation for the velocity gradient threshold. The identification of this threshold represents a valuable contribution to the understanding of the effects of mixing on gas production in anaerobic digesters.

Continuous biogas production from fodder beet silage as sole substrate

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Scherer ◽  
S. Dobler ◽  
S. Rohardt ◽  
R. Loock ◽  
B. Büttner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Gas Volume

Since April 2000 a two-step anaerobic plant with two subsequent 500 m3 reactors has been producing biogas from fodder beet silage (pH 4.1) as the sole substrate. The plant is located at Kirchlengern near Bielefeld, Germany. Initially the reactors were inoculated with swine manure at 37°C. After a start-up phase the process was sustained at pH 7.5-8.0 by feeding with the silage as sole substrate twice a day. Parallel to the biogas plant at Kirchlengern four one-step laboratory reactors were continuously driven at temperatures of 37°C, 45°C, 60°C and 65°C. They were fed with the same silage, but only once per day (one impulse). The organic loading rate (OLR) was adjusted to 3.9 g volatile solids (VS)/(l*d) with a concomitant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 27 d. There was no problem with starting the reactors, but after 86 days the volumetric gas production of the 65°C reactor ceased and a high amount of approximately 130 mM propionate could be determined. By decreasing the temperature down to 60°C a stable reactor performance was recovered for a period of at least 250 further days. During impulse feeding it was observed that the quickest recovery of gas production could be observed at 37°C or at 45°C. Recovery of 75% gas volume (related to the value before or after impulse feeding) was obtained after 5.5 and 7.5 h of feeding time point whereas the 60°C reactor needed 16 h. Slight significant differences were seen in the spectrum of volatile fatty acids (VFA) reaching at 37° or 45°C its maximum with 10-30 mM total VFA at 2-3 h after feeding. After this the VFA level declined to nearly zero (except for the 60°C reactor). Therefore the 37°C reactor was favoured. A double experiment with a second 37°C reactor was started by a somewhat different inoculation procedure from the remaining 3 reactors, but revealed similar results. By increasing the temperature no significantly different specific gas production rates and methane yields could be observed, e.g. it gave 600-700 l biogas from 1 kg VS. The corresponding methane content ranged between 62-64%. With a methane content of 63 ± 1% a yield of 40.1 ± 2 m3 methane/ton fresh fodder beet silage was obtained.

The effects of three total mixed rations with different concentrate to maize silage ratios and different levels of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on in vitro total gas, methane and carbon dioxide production

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. KHOLIF ◽  
M. M. Y. ELGHANDOUR ◽  
A. Z. M. SALEM ◽  
A. BARBABOSA ◽  
O. MÁRQUEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Different Levels

SUMMARYThe aim of the current study was to assess the effects of adding Chlorella vulgaris algae at different levels on in vitro gas production (GP) of three total mixed rations (TMR) with different concentrate (C): maize silage (S) ratios (25C : 75S, 50C : 50S, 75C : 25S). Chlorella vulgaris was added at 0, 20, 40 and 80 mg/g dry matter (DM) of the TMR and total gas, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) production were recorded after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation in three runs. Increasing concentrate portion in the TMR linearly increased the asymptotic GP and decreased the rate of GP without affecting the lag time. Addition of C. vulgaris at 20 mg/g DM to the 25C : 75S TMR increased the asymptotic GP, CH4, CO2 and GP at 48 h. Addition of C. vulgaris to the 50C : 50S TMR decreased the asymptotic GP and GP at 48 h. Higher CH4 production was observed at 48 h of incubation when C. vulgaris was included at (per g DM): 20 mg for the 25C : 75S ration, 40 mg for the 50C : 50S ration and 80 mg for the 75C : 25S ration. Inclusion of C. vulgaris linearly increased CH4 production for the 50C : 50S ration and increased CO2 production at 10 and 12 h of incubation for the 50C : 50S ration, whereas 20 and 40 mg C. vulgaris/g DM of the 75C : 25S TMR decreased CO2 production. The 25C : 75S TMR had the highest in vitro DM disappearance with C. vulgaris addition. Chlorella vulgaris addition was more effective with rations high in fibre content than those high in concentrates. It can be concluded that the optimal level of C. vulgaris addition was 20 mg/g DM for improved ruminal fermentation of the 25C : 75S TMR.

Mathematical modeling and simulation of methane gas production in simulated landfill column reactors under sulfidogenic and methanogenic environments

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Pareek ◽  
Saburo Matsui ◽  
Seog Ku Kim ◽  
Yoshihisa Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Simulated Landfill ◽  
Sensitive Parameters

A mathematical model was developed to simulate methane and carbon dioxide production from simulated landfill column reactors operated under sulfate reducing and methane producing conditions. The model incorporated governing equations which describe the chemical and biochemical processes responsible for the degradation of organic waste materials. These processes were hydrolysis, acidogenesis, methanogenesis and sulfidogenesis. The differential equations were numerically solved using Stella Researcher Software. The model was calibrated and verified using 700 days of gas production data from the simulated landfill column reactors. The calibrated hydrolysis rate constants for newspaper and sludge were found to be higher in sulfate reducing reactors as compared to methane producing reactors. The simulated methane production was quite accurate in all the reactors, but the predicted carbon dioxide production in the sulfate reducing reactors was not so accurate for the first 100 days, which may be attributed to the necessity of further governing equations. According to the sensitivity analysis, hydrolysis rate constants and moisture factors were the two most sensitive parameters controlling the gas production.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of biogas production from feedlot cattle manure

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan Rosenberg ◽  
Gerrit Kornelius
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Significant Difference

Biogas can be generated from biomass in an anaerobic digestion process and used to generate electricity and heat as an alternative energy source to fossil fuel-generated electricity. This study investigated biogas generation from cattle manure dried for periods up to 40 days. Manure samples were analysed for gas yield using the biochemical methane production test. The biogas volume produced by manure samples aged for periods up to 40 days after seeding with cattle rumen fluid was measured as a function of time until there was no further measurable gas production. The biogas was analysed for methane and carbon dioxide content using a gas chromatograph. The corresponding cumulative net biogas yield ranged from 154 to 369 Nml/g.VS respectively. The test results showed that an average of 240 Nml/g.VS of biogas can be produced from cattle manure that is less than 40 days old, with an average methane and carbon dioxide percentage of 63% and 31% respectively. Within 3 to 4 days the manure samples generated 80% of the final biogas volume. The drying process was found to occur at a constant rate per unit area, regardless of the manure thickness up to thickness of 200 mm. Biogas formation closely followed the Gompertz equation. There was no significant difference in the biogas production nor biogas production rate for cattle feedlot manure that was fresh up until aging to 40 days.

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