A Review of Research and Practice on the Application of Chemical Dispersant in Oil Spills

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Guo Dong Qian ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Chemical Dispersion ◽  
Chemical Dispersant ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Dispersant Effectiveness

Chemical dispersant has been widely used in oil spill response around the world as an effective method. The study reviews the mechanism of chemical dispersion, the factors influenced dispersant effectiveness, the test methods of dispersant effectiveness, and applications in oil spills around the world. Then some questions on the research for chemical dispersants used during oil spills in China were discussed.

Optimizing Offshore Combat of Oil Spills – Development of New Booms and Helicopter Based Application of Dispersants

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 1279-1284
Author(s):  
Tharald M. Brekne ◽  
Sigmund Holmemo ◽  
Geir M. Skeie
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Chemical Dispersant ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Robust Systems ◽  
Norwegian Continental Shelf

ABSTRACT There is an increasing focus on offshore combat of oil spills on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). One result of this focus is a change from field specific to area specific contingency, moving from many medium sized oil spill combat vessels, to fewer and more robust systems and vessels. An important element in the emerging configuration is the use of helicopter based chemical dispersant systems, permanently located on offshore installations. An increasing diversity, of oil types being produced, configuration of installations, water depths and geographic location, are all factors that require a robust, mobile and flexible oil spill response. The Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies (NOFO) has recently initiated development of new technology, as projects under NOFO's Research & Development Programme. Three of these projects address the development of improved heavy offshore booms, applying new principles for containment of oil, and a heavy duty skimmer optimized for mobility. A fourth project addresses the development of a system for helicopter based application of chemical dispersants, optimized for offshore storage and maintenance. This paper presents the status for and experience from these projects, as well as the plan for testing and verification of this new technology.

Studies in support of the regulation of dispersant use in the Kazakhstan Sector of the Caspian Sea (KSCS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zh. A. Kulekeyev ◽  
G.Kh. Nurtayeva ◽  
E.S. Mustafin ◽  
A. M. Pudov ◽  
Gani Zharikessov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
State University ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Spill Dispersants ◽  
Dispersant Effectiveness ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACT The use of oil spill dispersants is often regulated by national authorities to ensure that products approved for use as dispersants on spilled oil in national waters are of reasonable effectiveness and of low inherent toxicity. KING (Kazakh Institute of Oil & Gas) undertook a study to assess the use of oil spill dispersants on spilled oils in the Kazakhstan sector of the Caspian Sea (KSCS) to support decision-making for such regulations in the RoK (Republic of Kazakhstan). The KSCS has some characteristics that are unlike open ocean conditions in other parts of the world; the salinity is much lower than in the open sea. The shallow waters of the northern Caspian Sea have very low salinity (9 psu (practical salinity units) or less) due to the inflow of freshwater from the River Volga, and are frozen in winter. The deeper water in the southern part of the KSCS has a salinity of up to 14 psu. The effectiveness of oil spill dispersants is known to be affected by water salinity. Different countries around the world have developed different test methods to assess dispersant effectiveness. The project examined the options and decided to modify the WSL (Warren Spring Laboratory) LR 448 dispersant effectiveness test method, as used in the UK. The method was adapted by KING and testing was conducted by Karaganda State University (KSU) to test a variety of dispersants under Caspian Sea conditions. Dispersant effectiveness testing should be conducted with a test oil that is representative of oils that might be spilled in the area being considered. Kashagan crude oil was distilled to 200°C to simulate the evaporative loss that would occur shortly after the oil was spilled at sea and the residue used as the test oil in the dispersant effectiveness testing. Several commercially-available dispersants were tested using the modified LR 448 method with the 200°C+ Kashagan test oil under a variety of conditions with salinities ranging from 0 psu to 35 psu and at temperatures of 5°C and 25°C. The results indicate that some internationally recognized dispersants could be suitable for use in the KSCS.

SUPPORT FOR REGIONAL OIL SPILL RESPONSE IN THE ROPME SEA AREA

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
P. B. Ryan ◽  
D. J. S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
External Support ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Sea Area

ABSTRACT Oil spill contingency planning is concerned with the organization of preplanned responses to anticipated oil pollution emergencies in defined geographical areas. A major factor that must be considered when drafting any contingency plan is the support that can be expected from a variety of sources in times of emergency. Oil spills vary in both their magnitude and complexity and so do the responses to such incidents. It follows, therefore, that there is a tiered structure of oil spill contingency planning and response and that there is a corresponding tiering of sources of support. This paper identifies the various tiers of oil spill planning and response and reviews the external support relevant to each tier. The discussion base of this paper relates particularly to the ROPME sea area as defined herein but many of the observations will apply to other regions of the world where similar situations may be encountered.

The International Tier 3 Centres: Background and Future of Clean Caribbean Cooperative, Oil Spill Response Ltd., and East Asia Response Ltd.1

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 797-800
Author(s):  
James Irvine ◽  
Alan Higgins ◽  
Dan Harcharik
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Tier 3 ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Clean Caribbean Cooperative (CCC), Oil Spill Response Ltd. (OSRL), and East Asia Response Ltd. (EARL) are independent non-profit organisations established by members of the oil industry to provide 24-hour Tier 3 response resources for their members around the world. At considerable cost each maintains 24-hour access to an ADDS Pack unit, the world's largest airborne dispersant application system, as well as keeping equipment and expertise available for more conventional response techniques. Considerable experience has been gained in responding to major spills in many countries, and lessons learnt are shared among the three Centres. Their secondary activities include local Tier 2 response capability, and training and consultancy services on associated issues to members. Most of these services are also available to non-members. In this paper the chairmen of the three Centres review the common backgrounds of these activities and develop a vision of the future of this important contribution by members of the international oil industry to help minimise the impact of major oil spills around the world.

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY OF THE COASTS OF THE KARA SEA TO THE OIL SPILL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ermolov ◽  
Alexander Ermolov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
International System ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
International Systems

International experience of oil spill response in the sea defines the priority of coastal protection and the need to identify as most valuable in ecological terms and the most vulnerable areas. Methodological approaches to the assessing the vulnerability of Arctic coasts to oil spills based on international systems of Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and geomorphological zoning are considered in the article. The comprehensive environmental and geomorphological approach allowed us to form the morphodynamic basis for the classification of seacoasts and try to adapt the international system of indexes to the shores of the Kara Sea taking into account the specific natural conditions. This work has improved the expert assessments of the vulnerability and resilience of the seacoasts.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Smart Response Web (NG-SRW): An Operational Spatial Decision Support System for Maritime Oil Spill Emergency Response in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6585
Author(s):  
Mihhail Fetissov ◽  
Robert Aps ◽  
Floris Goerlandt ◽  
Holger Jänes ◽  
Jonne Kotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Spatial Decision Support System ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
The Baltic

The Baltic Sea is a unique and sensitive brackish-water ecosystem vulnerable to damage from shipping activities. Despite high levels of maritime safety in the area, there is a continued risk of oil spills and associated harmful environmental impacts. Achieving common situational awareness between oil spill response decision makers and other actors, such as merchant vessel and Vessel Traffic Service center operators, is an important step to minimizing detrimental effects. This paper presents the Next-Generation Smart Response Web (NG-SRW), a web-based application to aid decision making concerning oil spill response. This tool aims to provide, dynamically and interactively, relevant information on oil spills. By integrating the analysis and visualization of dynamic spill features with the sensitivity of environmental elements and value of human uses, the benefits of potential response actions can be compared, helping to develop an appropriate response strategy. The oil spill process simulation enables the response authorities to judge better the complexity and dynamic behavior of the systems and processes behind the potential environmental impact assessment and thereby better control the oil combat action.

OIL SPILL PREPAREDNESS: THE OIL INDUSTRY AND THE NATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 830
Author(s):  
D.J. Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
State Governments ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Current State ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of

It is vital that there is a credible and well organised arrangement to deal with oil spills in Australia.The National Plan to Combat Pollution of the Sea by Oil, the umbrella oil spill response plan for Australia, is a combined effort by the Commonwealth and State Governments, the oil industry and the shipping industry.The Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre (AMOSC), formed in 1991, is an industry centre set up for rapid response with equipment and resources, together with a training and industry coordination role.A review of the National Plan in 1992, identified, amongst a number of issues, that the National Plan needed to be re-focussed, to ensure full integration of all government and industry activities for the first time. This has led to greatly improved understanding between government and industry and significant improvements to Australia's oil spill response preparedness. The National Plan review has also resulted in a clearer definition of the responsibilities for operational control, together with the organisational structure to deliver a successful response.The current state of Australia's National Plan is such that it does provide confidence that there is the capacity to deliver an effective response to oil spills in the marine environment. Nevertheless, there is more to be done, particularly in the areas of planning and exercises.

A NEW TOOL FOR LARGE-SCALE OIL COMBAT

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 855B-857
Author(s):  
M. R. Ouwerkerk ◽  
P. R. H. Verbeek ◽  
T. Schut
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Response Systems ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

ABSTRACT Trailing suction hopper dredges maintain ports and their entrance channels around the world. Several of these dredges have already operated as oil spill cleanup vessels as a secondary assignment. Different types of available oil spill response systems were applied. Recent developments allow these dredges to use their own dredge pumps, making these vessels by far the largest capacity oil spill cleanup vessels available in the world. The add-on system requires no modifications of the vessel and a relatively low investment. Tests have documented very good performance.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF AIR CUSHIONED VEHICLES IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE1

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Mac W. McCarthy ◽  
John McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
International Boundary ◽  
Dense Fog

ABSTRACT On July 22, 1991, the Tuo Hai, a 46,500 ton Chinese grain carrier, collided with the Tenyo Maru, a 4,800 ton Japanese fish processing ship, off the coast of Washington State. The Tenyo Maru sank, creating an oil spill that cost upwards of $4 million (U.S.) to clean up. The incident initiated a joint response from the U.S. and Canadian governments. As part of this response, the Canadian Coast Guard mobilized an SRN-6 hovercraft. This air cushioned vehicle (ACV) provided logistical support to responders on both sides of the international boundary. The response operation along the Pacific Coast was extensive. Dense fog and the remote location of the impacted area provided formidable challenges to the cleanup effort. It was the mission scenario of the Canadian SRN-6 hovercraft to provide logistical support—as an experiment in ACV utility—to the organizations responding to this incident. Based on this experience, it can be argued that the hovercraft offers great potential value in responding to marine oil spills. Appropriate application of ACV technology can enhance oil spill response work, spill waste management, and incident surveillance. This paper discusses the contribution of the SRN-6 hovercraft to the Tenyo Maru response, briefly examines the use of another, very different hovercraft, during a response in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and reviews a new hovercraft design and discusses its potential contributions.

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