High-Capacity Derivatives Produced from Hydrolytic Lignin as Electrode Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion

2018 ◽  
Vol 386 ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Yury M. Nikolenko ◽  
Denis P. Opra ◽  
Alexander K. Tsvetnikov ◽  
Alexander Yu. Ustinov ◽  
Valery G. Kuryavyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Hydrolytic Lignin

The hydrolytic lignin derivatives have been prepared via its physical activation (high-temperature heating in vacuum) followed by chemical modification (fluorination). The obtained products were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the graphitized product of thermal activation up to 1000 °C at a low rate of < 2 °C/min under high vacuum shows an enhanced specific surface area (215 m2/g), that makes its potentially useful as sorbent, catalytic substrate or electrode material. To clarify the potentialities of hydrolytic lignin derivatives for energy storage and conversion, the electrochemical system with metallic lithium anode was applied. The galvanostatic discharge of battery at a current density of 100 μA/cm2between 3.0 and 0.5 V shows that the specific capacity of thermally activated derivative is equal to 845 mA·h/g, while the untreated lignin yields only 190 mA·h/g. The improve of the electrochemical performance of product originates from its graphitization, increasing electronic conductivity, and, possibly, enhanced ability to adsorb of oxygen. The fluorination of both the lignin and its thermally activated form results in higher operating voltage of battery, as seems, due to the involvement of fluorine bound to carbon in electrochemical process.

Hydrolytic Lignin: It’s Activated and Fluorinated Forms

2019 ◽  
Vol 806 ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury M. Nikolenko ◽  
Alexander K. Tsvetnikov ◽  
Alexander Yu. Ustinov ◽  
Vladimir E. Silant'ev ◽  
Valery G. Kuryavyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Hydrolytic Lignin ◽  
Structural Blocks

The hydrolytic lignin (HL) derivatives have been prepared via its physical activation (high-temperature annealing in vacuum) followed by chemical modification (fluorination). It was found that the graphitized product of thermal activation up to 1000 °C at a low temperature gain rate of < 2 °C/min under high vacuum shows an enhanced specific surface area (215 m2/g), that makes it potentially useful as sorbent, catalytic substrate, or electrode material. It was revealed from the experimental data the manufactured graphitized material consists of nanometric structural blocks, possibly nanographites and/or few-layer nanographenes. The edges of graphenes in agglomerates in activated hydrolytic lignin (AHL) have armchair and zigzag shapes. The nontrivial electronic structure of the zigzag edges, along with the electronic conductivity and the ability of AHL to absorb oxygen, can cause an increase in the energy intensity of lithium battery (LB) manufactured using AHL.The carbon-fluorine bond of semi-ionic type was detected in HL and AHL fluorinated in the temperature range of synthesize 60 – 300 oC. The fluorinated forms of both HL and its thermally activated product show increased values of operating voltage due to the participation of fluorine bound to carbon in the electrochemical process.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Binder and Buffering Matrix on InSb-Based Anodes for High-Performance Rechargeable Li-Ion Batteries

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3420
Author(s):  
Vo Pham Hoang Huy ◽  
Il Tae Kim ◽  
Jaehyun Hur
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Mechanochemical Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Li Ion

C-decorated intermetallic InSb (InSb–C) was developed as a novel high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). InSb nanoparticles synthesized via a mechanochemical reaction were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of the binder and buffering matrix on the active InSb were investigated. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was found to significantly improve the cycling stability owing to its strong hydrogen bonding. The addition of amorphous C to InSb further enhanced mechanical stability and electronic conductivity. As a result, InSb–C demonstrated good electrochemical Li-ion storage performance: a high reversible specific capacity (878 mAh·g−1 at 100 mA·g−1 after 140 cycles) and good rate capability (capacity retention of 98% at 10 A·g−1 as compared to 0.1 A·g−1). The effects of PAA and C were comprehensively studied using cyclic voltammetry, differential capacity plots, ex-situ SEM, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In addition, the electrochemical reaction mechanism of InSb was revealed using ex-situ XRD. InSb–C exhibited a better performance than many recently reported Sb-based electrodes; thus, it can be considered as a potential anode material in LIBs.

New Energy-Consuming Carbon Materials Derived from Hydrolytic Lignin

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 814-820
Author(s):  
Yury M. Nikolenko ◽  
Alexander K. Tsvetnikov ◽  
Alexander Yu. Ustinov ◽  
A. Sokolov ◽  
Albert M. Ziatdinov
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Hydrolytic Lignin ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Energy Consuming

Hydrolytic lignin (HL) has been used in manufacturing of graphitized carbon via HL one-step physical activation. It was found that the layered carbon products of pyrolysis of hydrolytic lignin (AHL) at different temperatures may be used as cathode materials in primary current sources. The galvanostatic discharge of lithium battery at a current density of 100 μA/cm2 between 3.0 and 0.5 V shows that the specific capacity of thermally activated derivative is equal to 845 mA·h/g, while the untreated lignin yields only 190 mA·h/g. The fluorination of both the lignin and its thermally activated form results in higher operating voltage of lithium battery, as seems, due to the involvement of fluorine bound to carbon in electrochemical process. Some fluorinated AHL samples show the promise of their use as supercapacitor electrodes.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of NiFe-Se/rGO Nanocomposites

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouwei Yan ◽  
Biao Xu ◽  
K. P. Annamalai ◽  
Tianlu Chen ◽  
Zhiming Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Device Applications

Background : Renewable energies are in great demand because of the shortage of traditional fossil energy and the associated environmental problems. Ni and Se-based materials are recently studied for energy storage and conversion owing to their reasonable conductivities and enriched redox activities as well as abundance. However, their electrochemical performance is still unsatisfactory for practical applications. Objective: To enhance the capacitance storage of Ni-Se materials via modification of their physiochemical properties with Fe. Methods: A two-step method was carried out to prepare FeNi-Se loaded reduced graphene oxide (FeNi-Se/rGO). In the first step, metal salts and graphene oxide (GO) were mixed under basic condition and autoclaved to obtain hydroxide intermediates. As a second step, selenization process was carried out to acquire FeNi-Se/rGO composites. Results: X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD), nitrogen adsorption at 77K, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out to study the structures, porosities and the morphologies of the composites. Electrochemical measurements revealed that FeNi-Se/rGO notably enhanced capacitance than the NiSe/G composite. This enhanced performance was mainly attributed to the positive synergistic effects of Fe and Ni in the composites, which not only had influence on the conductivity of the composite but also enhanced redox reactions at different current densities. Conclusion: NiFe-Se/rGO nanocomposites were synthesized in a facile way. The samples were characterized physicochemically and electrochemically. NiFeSe/rGO giving much higher capacitance storage than the NiSe/rGO explained that the nanocomposites could be an electrode material for energy storage device applications.

scholarly journals Controlled Nanostructuration of Cobalt Oxyhydroxide Electrode Material for Hybrid Supercapacitors

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2325
Author(s):  
Ronan Invernizzi ◽  
Liliane Guerlou-Demourgues ◽  
François Weill ◽  
Alexia Lemoine ◽  
Marie-Anne Dourges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Supercapacitors ◽  
Cobalt Oxyhydroxide ◽  
Precipitation Medium ◽  
The Impact

Nanostructuration is one of the most promising strategies to develop performant electrode materials for energy storage devices, such as hybrid supercapacitors. In this work, we studied the influence of precipitation medium and the use of a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ionic liquids for the nanostructuration of β(III) cobalt oxyhydroxides. Then, the effect of the nanostructuration and the impact of the different ionic liquids used during synthesis were investigated in terms of energy storage performances. First, we demonstrated that forward precipitation, in a cobalt-rich medium, leads to smaller particles with higher specific surface areas (SSA) and an enhanced mesoporosity. Introduction of ionic liquids (ILs) in the precipitation medium further strongly increased the specific surface area and the mesoporosity to achieve well-nanostructured materials with a very high SSA of 265 m2/g and porosity of 0.43 cm3/g. Additionally, we showed that ILs used as surfactant and template also functionalize the nanomaterial surface, leading to a beneficial synergy between the highly ionic conductive IL and the cobalt oxyhydroxide, which lowers the resistance charge transfer and improves the specific capacity. The nature of the ionic liquid had an important influence on the final electrochemical properties and the best performances were reached with the ionic liquid containing the longest alkyl chain.

scholarly journals Advances in the Applications of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites in Clean Energy Materials

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Yiqiu Xiang ◽  
Ling Xin ◽  
Jiwei Hu ◽  
Caifang Li ◽  
Jimei Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Energy Storage And Conversion ◽  
Thermoelectric Conversion

Extensive use of fossil fuels can lead to energy depletion and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to solve these problems by developing clean energy. Graphene materials own the advantages of high electrocatalytic activity, high conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, strong flexibility, large specific surface area and light weight, thus giving the potential to store electric charge, ions or hydrogen. Graphene-based nanocomposites have become new research hotspots in the field of energy storage and conversion, such as in fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells and thermoelectric conversion. Graphene as a catalyst carrier of hydrogen fuel cells has been further modified to obtain higher and more uniform metal dispersion, hence improving the electrocatalyst activity. Moreover, it can complement the network of electroactive materials to buffer the change of electrode volume and prevent the breakage and aggregation of electrode materials, and graphene oxide is also used as a cheap and sustainable proton exchange membrane. In lithium-ion batteries, substituting heteroatoms for carbon atoms in graphene composite electrodes can produce defects on the graphitized surface which have a good reversible specific capacity and increased energy and power densities. In solar cells, the performance of the interface and junction is enhanced by using a few layers of graphene-based composites and more electron-hole pairs are collected; therefore, the conversion efficiency is increased. Graphene has a high Seebeck coefficient, and therefore, it is a potential thermoelectric material. In this paper, we review the latest progress in the synthesis, characterization, evaluation and properties of graphene-based composites and their practical applications in fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, solar cells and thermoelectric conversion.

scholarly journals Solid-State Ball-Milling of Co3O4 Nano/Microspheres and Carbon Black Endorsed LaMnO3 Perovskite Catalyst for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Chelladurai Karuppiah ◽  
Balamurugan Thirumalraj ◽  
Srinivasan Alagar ◽  
Shakkthivel Piraman ◽  
Ying-Jeng Jame Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bifunctional Electrocatalyst ◽  
Bet Analysis

Developing a highly stable and non-precious, low-cost, bifunctional electrocatalyst is essential for energy storage and energy conversion devices due to the increasing demand from the consumers. Therefore, the fabrication of a bifunctional electrocatalyst is an emerging focus for the promotion and dissemination of energy storage/conversion devices. Spinel and perovskite transition metal oxides have been widely explored as efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts to replace the noble metals in fuel cell and metal-air batteries. In this work, we developed a bifunctional catalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reaction (ORR/OER) study using the mechanochemical route coupling of cobalt oxide nano/microspheres and carbon black particles incorporated lanthanum manganite perovskite (LaMnO3@C-Co3O4) composite. It was synthesized through a simple and less-time consuming solid-state ball-milling method. The synthesized LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy techniques. The electrocatalysis results showed excellent electrochemical activity towards ORR/OER kinetics using LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 catalyst, as compared with Pt/C, bare LaMnO3@C, and LaMnO3@C-RuO2 catalysts. The observed results suggested that the newly developed LaMnO3@C-Co3O4 electrocatalyst can be used as a potential candidate for air-cathodes in fuel cell and metal-air batteries.

scholarly journals Improving Electrochemical Activity in a Semi-V-I Redox Flow Battery by Using a C–TiO2–Pd Composite Electrode

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Sheng Chen ◽  
Shu-Ling Huang ◽  
Mei-Ling Chen ◽  
Tz-Jiun Tsai ◽  
Yung-Sheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Structural Morphology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Combination Methods

This study developed composite electrodes used in a semi-vanadium/iodine redox flow battery (semi-V-I RFB) system and designed semi-V-I RFB stacks to provide performance comparable to that of an all-vanadium redox flow battery (all-VRFB) system. These electrodes were modified using the electroless plating method and sol-gel process. The basic characteristics of the composited electrodes, such as the surface structural morphology, metal crystal phases, and electrochemical properties, were verified through cyclic voltammetry, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the sintering C–TiO2–Pd electrode improved the electrocatalytic activity of the semi-V-I RFB system, thereby effectively increasing the energy storage ability of the system. The C–TiO2–Pd electrode was used as a negative electrode in a single semi-V-I RFB and exhibited excellent cyclic performance in a charge-discharge test of 50 cycles. The average values for coulomb efficiency, voltage efficiency, and energy efficiency were approximately 96.56%, 84.12%, and 81.23%, respectively. Moreover, the semi-V-I RFB stacks were designed using series or parallel combination methods that can effectively provide the desired operating voltage and linearly increase the power capacity. The amount of vanadium salt required to fabricate the semi-V-I RFB system can be reduced by combining large stack modules of the system. Therefore, this system not only reduced costs but also exhibited potential for applications in energy storage systems.

scholarly journals Ce-Doped PANI/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites: Electrode Materials for Supercapattery

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash Pandey ◽  
Shova Neupane ◽  
Dipak Kumar Gupta ◽  
Anju Kumari Das ◽  
Nabin Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Active Electrode ◽  
Transmission Electron

In this study, we report on a combined approach to preparing an active electrode material for supercapattery application by making nanocomposites of Polyaniline/Cerium (PANI/Ce) with different weight percentages of magnetite (Fe3O4). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses supported the interaction of PANI with Ce and the formation of the successful nanocomposite with magnetite nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed the uniform and porous morphology of the composites. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) were used to test the supercapattery behavior of the nanocomposite electrodes in 1.0 M H2SO4. It was found that the supercapattery electrode of PANI/Ce+7 wt.% Fe3O4 exhibited a specific capacity of 171 mAhg−1 in the potential range of −0.2 to 1.0 V at the current density of 2.5 Ag−1. Moreover, PANI/Ce+7 wt.% Fe3O4 revealed a power density of 376.6 Wkg−1 along with a maximum energy density of 25.4 Whkg−1 at 2.5 Ag−1. Further, the cyclic stability of PANI/Ce+7 wt.% Fe3O4 was found to be 96.0% after 5,000 cycles. The obtained results suggested that the PANI/Ce+Fe3O4 nanocomposite could be a promising electrode material candidate for high-performance supercapattery applications.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Strontium Bismuth Oxides as Novel Battery-Type Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui Han ◽  
Le Li ◽  
Yunpeng Liu ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Xiaohan Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bismuth Oxides ◽  
Improved Performance

A simple and efficient process method for the preparation of strontium bismuth oxides (SBOs) via an impregnation-calcination method is presented. The synthesized active materials are characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized SBO samples is observed to decrease gradually as the strontium content is increased from 25% to 50%. The SBO sample with a Sr/Bi ratio of 1 : 3 shows the highest specific capacitance of 1228.7 F g−1 (specific capacity of 204.8 mAh g−1) at a current density of 1 A g−1 and a good cycling stability (75.1%) over 3000 charge-discharge cycles. The improved performance of the supercapacitors can be attributed to the unique structural features resulting from the addition of appropriate portions of Sr, which supports high electron conductivity and rapid ion/electron transport within the electrode and at the electrode/electrolyte interface. All the results show that the SBOs have considerable potential for use as high-performance battery-type electrodes in supercapacitors.

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