Evaluation of Moisture and Ageing Effects on Calcium Carbonite Nanoparticles Modified Asphalt Mixtures

Flexible pavements deteriorate and crack with time due to the frequent traffic load imposed upon it. Many studies have been done to predict the effects of frequent traffic load and environmental conditions on pavements in the effort to find the best pavement design which resist deterioration and ensure longer pavement service time. This study investigates the effect of mixing asphalt with varying percentages of nano calcium carbonate (CaCO3), namely 0, 2, 4, and 6 %. The mixtures were designed based on the Superpave mix design criteria. Investigation was done using several tests, namely resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, and dynamic modulus tests. Samples were subjected to aging to determine their resilient modulus. The results of the investigation show that resilient modulus and indirect tensile strength increased when higher percentages of nanoparticles were added to asphalt mixture, with improvement of 138 and 48.18% respectively. Modified binders showed up to 17% improvement in moisture susceptibility comparison to base asphalt mixture, while the result of dynamic modulus test showed that the stiffness of modified asphalt increased 76.69%. The investigation also found that adding 6% CaCO3 nanoparticles to asphalt produced modified asphalt with the best performance. In addition, the results show that the modified asphalt with CaCO3 is suitable for hot and humid regions (tropical countries) in the field of highways construction, as the modifier was able to mitigate the influences of high-temperature rutting and moisture damage.

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The Influence of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregates in Asphalt Mixture

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.700.227 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 700 ◽

pp. 227-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Siti Nur Amiera Jeffry ◽

Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽

Norhafizah Manap ◽

Nurfatin Aqeela Miron ◽

Norhidayah Abdul Hassan

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Asphalt Concrete ◽

Resilient Modulus ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Modified Bitumen ◽

Coarse Aggregates ◽

Indirect Tensile

Significant quantities of coconut shell (CS), a by-product of agriculture, can be used as an artificial source of coarse aggregates. In this study, four CSs were used as coarse aggregates replacement in asphalt concrete with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% weight volumes. The particle sizes of the CSs used as main coarse aggregates range from 5 mm to 20 mm. The Marshall Stability test shows that the optimum bitumen content for asphalt mixtures is 5.1%. The engineering properties investigated include the volumetric, dynamic creep, indirect tensile strength, and resilient modulus. Test results show that stability decreases with increasing CS content because of high water absorption. Considering that CSs absorb bitumen, a further detailed investigation is needed to assess the performance of modified bitumen on mixture. Furthermore, the use of CSs as coarse aggregates in asphalt concrete help increase the resilient modulus, stiffness, and indirect tensile strength up to 30%. Generally, a 10% replacement of coarse aggregates with CSs is the optimal limit.

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Research of Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Pavement Materials with WMA and RAP

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3934 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 204-208 ◽

pp. 3934-3937 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bao Yang Yu ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Min Jiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Dynamic Modulus ◽

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Porous Asphalt ◽

Compaction Energy ◽

Indirect Tensile

The objectives of this paper are to characterize the mechanical properties of porous asphalt pavement mixtures containing RAP and a WMA additive using Super pave gyratory compactor and dynamic modulus testing. Four types of asphalt mixtures were evaluated in this study. This study evaluated compaction energy index, permeability, indirect tensile strength, and dynamic modulus for all types of porous asphalt mixtures. All of the asphalt mixtures meet the typical minimum coefficient of permeability in this study. In addition, only a slight decrease in was found when WMA additive was added to the porous asphalt mixture containing RAP. For indirect tensile strength testing, WMA containing RAP was found to have the highest tensile strength among all of the mixtures tested.

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Comparing the Effect of Nanomaterial and Traditional Fillers on the Asphalt Mixture Properties

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-2019-03091247 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 320

Author(s):

Gholam Hossein Hamedi

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Resilient Modulus ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Strength Ratio ◽

Nano Silica ◽

Stone Materials ◽

Indirect Tensile

Several parameters affect asphalt mix performance against loading and environmental conditions. Minor changes in the filler amount or type can cause obvious changes in the asphalt mixture properties. Accordingly, in this research attempts have been made to optimally make asphalt mixture strong against loading and environmental conditions by changing the type, size and percentage of filler used in asphalt mixture. In this line, the effect of two types of cement and nano-silica fillers in two different percentages was investigated and compared as an alternative for part of the main filler in asphalt mixture samples made by two types of limestone and granite aggregate. Cement filler by 2% and 4% of the aggregate mass as the alternative for part of the main filler is added to stone materials before mixing with binder, but nano-silica filler by 2% and4 % of weight of the binder as the alternative for part of the main filler is added to binder and a modified and homogeneous binder is produced using a high speed mixer. In the following, considering the optimum binder content for each mixture, resilient modulus tests were conducted to determine the strength performance against loading and indirect tensile strength ratio was used to determine moisture sensitivity of asphalt mixtures. Results obtained from resilient modulus tests show that the use of nano-silica and cement has been capable of favorably improving the resilient modulus of samples containing these two types of fillers. The improvement of the resilient modulus of samples containing nano-silica is very significant. Additionally, the studies conducted based on the indirect tensile strength ratio show that both types of alternative fillers, especially cement has been capable of desirably improve the strength of asphalt mixtures against moisture damage.

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Influence of Polymeric Coating the Aggregate Surface on Moisture Damage of Hot Mix Asphalt

Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering ◽

10.3311/ppci.14340 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mojtaba Khodadadi ◽

Alireza Azarhoosh ◽

Ali Khodaii

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Hot Mix Asphalt ◽

Resilient Modulus ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Moisture Damage ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Polymeric Coating ◽

Moisture Susceptibility ◽

Indirect Tensile

Moisture damage is one of the common causes of asphalt pavement failure in moisture presence. One of the convenient approaches to decreasing moisture sensitivity in hot-mix asphalt is coating the aggregate surface with a suitable agent. In this study, the effects of polyethylene terephthalate on moisture damage of asphalt mixtures were evaluated by applying indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus tests. The asphalt specimens were prepared with two types of aggregates (granite and limestone) and neat asphalt binder of 60/70 penetration grade. The results showed that the ratio of wet/dry values of indirect tensile strength and resilient modulus for mixtures containing limestone was higher than those of the samples with granite aggregate. Furthermore, the results of the laboratory tests indicate that polyethylene terephthalate improves resistance to moisture susceptibility. Because polyethylene terephthalate increases the wettability of asphalt binder over the aggregate and the adhesion between the asphalt binder and aggregate, especially in the mixtures containing acidic (granite) aggregate prone to moisture damage.

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Laboratory Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Modified Asphalt and Mixture Using Graphene Platelets (GnPs)

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14195599 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (19) ◽

pp. 5599

Author(s):

Mohamed Samir Eisa ◽

Ahmed Mohamady ◽

Mohamed E. Basiouny ◽

Ayman Abdulhamid ◽

Jong R. Kim

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Indirect Tensile ◽

Graphene Platelets ◽

Wheel Tracking

Recently, nanomaterials have attracted attention in the field of pavement construction as modifiers to endure heavy loads and climate changes. In this study, conventional asphalt (bitumen) of penetration grade AC (60/70) was modified with graphene platelets (GnPs) at three different contents: 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% by weight of asphalt content. Kinematic viscosity, softening point, penetration, and dynamic shear rheology tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of modified binder. The results showed that adding GnPs improves the mechanical properties of asphalt binder; the kinematic viscosities, softening points, and rutting parameters increased but penetrations decreased with the contents of GnPs. Hot mix asphalt specimens with GnPs-modified asphalt were prepared and characterized with Marshall tests, thermal stress restrained specimen tests (TSRST), wheel tracking tests, and indirect tensile tests. Similar to the results of asphalt binder, the mechanical properties of asphalt mixture were improved by GnPs. Marshall stability increased by 21% and flow decreased by 24% with accepted value of 2.8 mm in penetration when the mixture was modified with 1.0 wt% of GnPs. At the same GnPs content, modified asphalt mixture led to lower failure temperature by 2 °C in comparison with unmodified asphalt mixture and the cryogenic failure stress was improved by 12%. The wheel tracking tests showed that GnPs-modified asphalt mixture has outstanding deformation resistance in comparison with unmodified asphalt mixtures: after 5000 cycles, 1.0 wt% of GnPs reduced the rut depth of asphalt mixture by 60%—the rut depth of unmodified asphalt mixture was 6.9 mm compared to 2.75 mm for modified asphalt mixture. After 10,000 cycles, the modified asphalt mixture showed rut depth of 3.24 mm in comparison with 8.12 mm in case of unmodified asphalt mixture. Addition of GnPs into asphalt mixture significantly improved the indirect tensile strength: 1.0 wt% of GnPs increased the indirect tensile strength of unmodified asphalt mixture from 0.79 to 1.1 MPa recording ~40% increment. The results of this study can confirm that graphene platelets enhance the mechanical properties of asphalt mixture and its performance.

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Rejuvenation Mechanism of Asphalt Mixtures Modified with Crumb Rubber

CivilEng ◽

10.3390/civileng2020020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 370-384

Author(s):

Hossein Noorvand ◽

Kamil Kaloush ◽

Jose Medina ◽

Shane Underwood

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Dynamic Loading ◽

Creep Compliance ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Crumb Rubber ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Strength Testing ◽

Noise Mitigation ◽

Indirect Tensile

Asphalt aging is one of the main factors causing asphalt pavements deterioration. Previous studies reported on some aging benefits of asphalt rubber mixtures through laboratory evaluation. A field observation of various pavement sections of crumb rubber modified asphalt friction courses (ARFC) in the Phoenix, Arizona area indicated an interesting pattern of transverse/reflective cracking. These ARFC courses were placed several years ago on existing jointed plain concrete pavements for highway noise mitigation. Over the years, the shoulders had very noticeable and extensive cracking over the joints; however, the driving lanes of the pavement showed less cracking formation in severity and extent. The issue with this phenomenon is that widely adopted theories that stem from continuum mechanics of materials and layered mechanics of pavement systems cannot directly explain this phenomenon. One hypothesis could be that traffic loads continually manipulate the pavement over time, which causes some maltenes (oils and resins) compounds absorbed in the crumb rubber particles to migrate out leading to rejuvenation of the mastic in the asphalt mixture. To investigate the validity of such a hypothesis, an experimental laboratory testing was undertaken to condition samples with and without dynamic loads at high temperatures. This was followed by creep compliance and indirect tensile strength testing. The results showed the higher creep for samples aged with dynamic loading compared to those aged without loading. Higher creep compliance was attributed to higher flexibility of samples due to the rejuvenation of the maltenes. This was also supported by the higher fracture energy results obtained for samples conditioned with dynamic loading from indirect tensile strength testing.

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MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT MIXTURE CONTAINING CUP LUMP RUBBER

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v81.13857 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Norfazira Mohd Azahar ◽

Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽

Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽

Hasanan Md. Nor ◽

Mohd Khairul Idham Mohd Satar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Performance ◽

Resilient Modulus ◽

Permanent Deformation ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Dynamic Creep ◽

Aging Conditions ◽

Public Work Department ◽

Indirect Tensile

The use of cup lump rubber as an additive in asphalt binder has recently become the main interest of the paving industry. The innovation helps to increase the natural rubber consumption and stabilize the rubber price. This study evaluates the mechanical performance of cup lump rubber modified asphalt (CMA) mixture in terms of resilient modulus, dynamic creep and indirect tensile strength under aging conditions. The CMA mixture was prepared using dense-graded Marshall-designed mix and the observed behavior was compared with that of conventional mixture. From the results, both mixtures passed the volumetric properties as accordance to Malaysian Public Work Department (PWD) specification. The addition of cup lump rubber provides better resistance against permanent deformation through the enhanced properties of resilient modulus and dynamic creep. Furthermore, the resilient modulus of CMA mixture performed better under aging conditions.

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Evaluations of Nano-Sized Hydrated Lime on the Moisture Susceptibility of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.82 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 174-177 ◽

pp. 82-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ju Nan Shen ◽

Zhao Xing Xie ◽

Fei Peng Xiao ◽

Wen Zhong Fan

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Hot Mix Asphalt ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Moisture Resistance ◽

Strength Ratio ◽

Moisture Susceptibility ◽

Indirect Tensile

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nano-sized hydrated lime on the moisture susceptibility of the hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures in terms of three methodologies to introduce into the mixtures. The experimental design for this study included the utilizations of one binder source (PG 64-22), three aggregate sources and three different methods introducing the lime. A total of 12 types of HMA mixtures and 72 specimens were fabricated and tested in this study. The performed properties include indirect tensile strength (ITS), tensile strength ratio (TSR), flow, and toughness. The results indicated that the nano-sized lime exhibits better moisture resistance. Introducing process of the nano-sized lime will produce difference in moisture susceptibility.

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Laboratory Evaluation of the Use of Florida Washed Shell in Open-Graded Asphalt Mixtures

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14227060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 7060

Author(s):

Mohammad Alharthai ◽

Qing Lu ◽

Ahmed Elnihum ◽

Asad Elmagarhe

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Asphalt Mixture ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Indirect Tensile Strength ◽

Laboratory Evaluation ◽

Void Content ◽

Coarse Aggregates ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Indirect Tensile ◽

Marshall Stability

This study investigates the substitution of conventional aggregate with a Florida washed shell in open-graded asphalt mixtures and evaluates the optimal substitution percentage in aggregate gradations of various nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NMASs) (i.e., 4.75, 9.5, and 12.5 mm). Laboratory experiments were performed on open-graded asphalt mixture specimens with the coarse aggregate of sizes between 2.36 and 12.5 mm being replaced by the Florida washed shell at various percentages (0, 15, 30, 45, and 100%). Specimen properties relevant to the performance of open-graded asphalt mixtures in the field were tested, evaluated, and compared. Specifically, a Marshall stability test, Cantabro test, indirect tensile strength test, air void content test, and permeability test were conducted to evaluate the strength, resistance to raveling, cracking resistance, void content, and permeability of open-graded asphalt mixtures. The results show that there is no significant difference in the Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength when the coarse aggregates are replaced with Florida washed shell. This study also found that the optimum percentages of Florida washed shell in open-graded asphalt mixture were 15, 30, and 45% for 12.5, 9.5, and 4.75 mm NMAS gradations, respectively.

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