Tribo-Chemical Reaction in Bulk Ti3SiC2 under Sliding Friction

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1357-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Li Zhang ◽  
Hong Xiang Zhai ◽  
Zhen Ying Huang ◽  
Cui Wei Li ◽  
Yi Fan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The Ti3SiC2 samples with a second phase TiC, prepared by hot-pressing progress route, were rubbed against low carbon steel disk with a sliding speed of 20 m/s under normal pressure 0.8 Mpa in atmosphere on a block-on-disk type friction tester. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and meanwhile the composition was checked by energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show some impurity phases containing Ti, Si and Fe oxides in the samples. The possible tribo-chemical reaction mechanism on surface layer of Ti3SiC2 was suggested.

Preparation of Composites from Al and Ti3AlC2 and its Tribo-Chemistry Reactions against Low Carbon Steel

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 989-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Li Zhang ◽  
Hong Xiang Zhai ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Zhen Ying Huang ◽  
Ming Xing Ai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aluminum Powders ◽  
Chemical Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Before And After

Al/Ti3AlC2 composites containing 50vol% Al were prepared with high purity of polycrystalline Ti3AlC2 and aluminum powders by pressureless-sintering route at temperatures of 700°C~ 800°C The tribological properties of the composites were investigated by sliding the composites block dryly against low carbon steel disk under high sliding speed. Before and after friction test, the morphology and phase analysis were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), separately. A definite tribo-glazing layer was found over the worn surface of the composite block, which was the results of tribo-chemical oxidation reaction and the cause forming it could be the high frictional temperature and the mechanical catabolism between the surface of Al/Ti3AlC2 and low carbon steel during sliding friction. The effect of Ti3AlC2 on tribological properties of Al/Ti3AlC2 composite and the possible tribo-chemical reaction mechanism on surface layer of Al/Ti3AlC2 were suggested.

DEPOSITION OF PETROLEUM HEAVY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON A LOW CARBON STEEL TUBING

1999 ◽  
Vol 06 (06) ◽  
pp. 1299-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. COSULTCHI ◽  
E. GARCÍAFIGUEROA ◽  
A. MUÑOZ-FLORES ◽  
A. GARCÍA-BÓRQUEZ ◽  
B. ZEIFERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Petroleum Wells ◽  
Southeastern Region ◽  
Condensed Hydrocarbons

Reduction of petroleum wells production is often observed and related to the presence of solid deposits adhered on the internal wall of the tubing. A piece of tubing with organic material adhered on its surface was recovered from a Mexican southeastern region well. Its composition and morphology was studied applying scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDXS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IRS). High-condensed hydrocarbons with hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups and 6.4 wt% total sulfur were found. The adhered-material morphology suggests vitreous solid structure usually identified in polycyclic aromatic compounds. Iron (II, III) oxides and nonstoichiometric sulfides are present; the last, as a corrosion product obtained in petroleum with low H 2 S concentration. Pyrrhotite ( Fe 1-x S ), which exhibits a nonstoichiometric structure, was reported as the active phase of iron oxide catalysts in hydrogen interchange processes.

Sliding Friction Behavior of Bulk Ti3SiC2 under Difference Normal Pressures

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1353-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Ying Huang ◽  
Hong Xiang Zhai ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Yi Fan Wang ◽  
Zhi Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Steady Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Friction Surfaces

The friction behavior of Ti3SiC2 sliding against low carbon steel was studied. Tests were carried out on a block-on-disk type friction tester, with the normal pressures from 0.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa and the sliding speed of 20 m/s. The results showed that, irrespective of the normal pressure, the friction coefficient exhibits a transition period in the initial stage of a sliding friction process, in which the friction coefficient increases from an initial value and tends to a saturation value, and then enters into a relatively steady stage. The results also showed that, the friction coefficient of the steady stage decreases gradually from 0.35 to 0.26 with increase in normal pressure from 0.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa. The friction surfaces were observed by using SEM. It was found that all the surfaces were covered by a layer consisting of the frictional products with antifriction effect, and that the denseness and the thickness of the layer were increased with increase in normal pressure applied.

scholarly journals Dislocation densities in a low-carbon steel during martensite transformation determined by in situ high energy X-Ray diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 140249
Author(s):  
Juan Macchi ◽  
Steve Gaudez ◽  
Guillaume Geandier ◽  
Julien Teixeira ◽  
Sabine Denis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Martensite Transformation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dislocation Densities

Figures of Merit of Low-Cost CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 Thermoelectric Material Prepared at Different Solid State Reaction Sintering Temperatures

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Aparporn Sakulkalavek ◽  
Rungnapa Thonglamul ◽  
Rachsak Sakdanuphab
Keyword(s):  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Uniaxial Pressure ◽  
Rhombohedral Structure ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Purity Grade ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this study, we investigated a CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 compound prepared at two different sintering temperatures in order to find out the effect of sintering temperature on the compound's figure of merit of thermoelectric properties. The thermoelectric CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 compound was prepared from high purity grade Cu2O, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 powders. The mixture of these powders were ground and then pressed with uniaxial pressure into pellets. The pellets obtained were sintered in the air at 1423 K and 1473 K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed a single phase of CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 with rhombohedral structure, , along with a trace of CuO second phase. Moreover, the XRD peaks of the sample sintered at 1423 K indicated that more Fe3+ atoms replaced Al3+ atoms in this sample than they did in the sample sintered at 1473 K. The average grain size of the CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 compound prepared increased with increasing sintering temperature, whereas its mean pore size and porosity decreased with increasing sintering temperature. The dispersed small pores markedly decreased the thermal conductivity of the compound, while the Fe3+ substitution of Al3+ increased its electrical conductivity. The highest figure of merit (ZT) found was 0.021 at 973 K in the CuAl0.9Fe0.1O2 sample sintered at 1423 K. Our findings show that this low-cost material with a reasonable figure of merit is a good candidate for thermoelectric applications at high-temperature.

Kinetic Study of the Growth of Hard Layers on a Low Carbon Steel

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (50) ◽  
pp. 2809-2817
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Huerta ◽  
E.D. García Bustos ◽  
D.V. Melo Máximo ◽  
M. Flores Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Kinetic Growth ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Growth Constants ◽  
Substrate Hardness

ABSTRACTIn the present work the kinetic growth is analyzed for a hard coating applied on a low carbon steel AISI 8620. A thermochemical treatment of bored with dehydrated paste at temperatures of 900, 950 and 1000 °C with a residence time of 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The morphology and types of borides formed on the surface of the steel were evaluated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The layer formed has a size of 20 to 113 μm which will be dependent on the process temperature, the treatment time and the alloy elements of the substrate. Hardness of 1493-1852 HV are presented for treatment times and temperatures established in this study. The kinetics of growth were determined and analyzed using a mathematical model of diffusion, evaluating the penetration of the biphasic layer that is determined as a function of the time and temperature of the thermochemical treatment (TCT). The results show the increase in the growth constants (k) with respect to the bored temperatures. The activity energy (Q) of the material AISI 8620 was also obtained.

Oxidation Properties of NIAI Intermetallic Coatings Prepared by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Thermal Spraying

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Hearley ◽  
J.A. Little ◽  
A.J. Sturgeon
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hvof Process ◽  
Diffusion Studies ◽  
Oxidation Properties

Abstract A reaction-formed NiAI intermetallic compound (IMC) powder has been deposited as a coating onto low carbon steel test coupons by the High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) process using both gaseous and liquid fuels. The microstructure of this coating has been examined using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction and was found to depend on spraying conditions. Oxidation tests on the coating in air, between the temperatures of 800°C-1200°C, revealed that an a-alumina (Al2O3) scale formed on the coating's surface. At 1200°C, a nickel spinel (NiO/NiAl2O4) and haematite (Fe2O3) phases were observed. Diffusion studies were performed to calculate an activation energy for iron ion diffusion in NiAl.

The transformation of corrosion products on 0Cu2Cr carbon steel in the marine

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-463
Author(s):  
Hongyu Liu ◽  
Yingxue Teng ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
Qinghe Xiao ◽  
Miao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transformation Mechanism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marine Engineering

Purpose This paper aims to explore the transformation process and transformation mechanism of carbon steel under the marine environment. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the transformation and rust layers corrosion products on 0Cu2Cr carbon steel with different cycles coupon test was investigated and deeply explored by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffraction. Findings The results showed that the thickness of rust layers grew from 71.83 µm to 533.7 µm with increasing duration of corrosion. The initial corrosion product was γ-FeOOH, then part of the γ-FeOOH continued growing, and under the capillary action, the other part of the γ-FeOOH transformed to α-FeOOH. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper puts forward for the first time a new viewpoint of the development of corrosion products of low-carbon steel in two ways. This discovery provides a new idea for the future development of steel for marine engineering.

Influence of Iron Bacteria on the Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel: SEM Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hamzah ◽  
C. L. Khohr ◽  
Ahmad Abdolahi ◽  
Z. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Iron Hydroxides ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Bacteria ◽  
Microbially Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Sem Study

In this work, the iron bacteria were cultured and inoculated into the cooling water before immersion, and low carbon steel coupons were immersed for one month. Then, microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) of carbon steel in the presence of these bacteria was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and weight loss methods. SEM results showed that large amounts of corrosion products and heterogeneous biofilm layer were formed on the coupon surface. SEM also revealed the uniform-pitting corrosion on the steel surface due to bacteria colonization. XRD results show that the main constituents present in corrosion product are composed of iron oxides and iron hydroxides. 

Ti3AlC2 — A Soft Ceramic Exhibiting Low Friction Coefficient

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 1251-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xiang Zhai ◽  
Zhen Ying Huang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Zhi Li Zhang ◽  
Shi Bo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Aluminum Carbide ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Al And Fe Oxides

The friction behavior of a high-purity bulk titanium aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC2) material dryly sliding against low carbon steel was investigated. Tests were performed using a block-on-disk type high-speed friction tester under sliding speed of 20 m/s and 60 m/s, several normal pressures from 0.1 to 0.8 MPa. The results showed that the friction coefficient is as low as about 0.18 for sliding speed of 20 m/s and only 0.1 for 60 m/s, and that almost not changes with the normal pressure. The reason could be related with the presence of a surface layer on the friction surface. The layer was analyzed to consist of Ti, Al and Fe oxides, which played a lubricate part inducing the friction coefficient decrease on the friction surface.

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