Strength Analysis of MEMS Micromirror Devices - Effects of Loading Mode and Etching Damage

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Izumi ◽  
Chan Wee Ping ◽  
Makoto Yamaguchi ◽  
Shinsuke Sakai ◽  
Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Pure Bending ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Safe Side ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Torsion Strength

Strength evaluation method for MEMS micromirror has been proposed. Pure bending and combined loading tests have been performed and torsion strength has been estimated from those results. Two-parameter Weibull distribution was used to evaluate the fractured stresses estimated from FEM model. There exists the difference in strength between pure bending and combined loading. From the load factor analysis, it is found that both geometry and stress distribution have to be considered to estimate the strength of MEMS since flaw population is non-uniformly distributed. It is also found torsional strength can be estimated on the safe side by using the result of combined loading test. From the comparison between two kinds of specimen fabricated by different etching conditions, it is found that the fracture strength is greatly affected by the amount of etching damage (notching).

Difference in taste of Japanese sugars

2015 ◽  
pp. 624-627
Author(s):  
Kiyoaki Miyasaka ◽  
Mizuki Mutsuura ◽  
Kohei Miyazaki ◽  
Masahiro Okuno ◽  
Masami Mizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
New Products ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
White Crystal ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Light Brown Crystal ◽  
Brown Crystal ◽  
Home Cooking ◽  
The Difference

Japanese traditional cuisine “Washoku” was registered as one of the intangible cultural heritages in December 2013. “Washoku” contains and requires large amount of sugar, therefore, sugar is an important seasoning in taste. Japanese have been using many kinds of sugar such as Granulated sugar, White soft sugar, Brown soft sugar, White crystal sugar and Light brown crystal sugar according to application, for both home cooking and processed foods. Mitsui Sugar is focusing on the difference in taste of sugars to develop new attractive sugar products. With a sensory evaluation method, trained panelists could recognize the difference between these sugars though it is quite difficult to explain. Therefore one attempte624-627d to detect the taste difference in these sugars by using a taste sensing system. The system comes with a human taste model membrane and can analyze the density and balance of several tastes such as sweetness, bitterness, umami** and saltiness. The accuracy of the sensing system was evaluated by comparing the results against the sensory evaluation method by trained panelists. The sensing system was able to detect the difference in taste of Japanese sugars, and the results from the sensing system seemed to match with the ones from the sensory evaluation method. The results were plotted on a taste map. This map will be helpful not only in showing the difference between the sugars, but also in explaining the characteristics of the new products.

Mismatch Effect on the Mixed Mode Type Creep Crack within Weldment

2016 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Jun Hui Zhang ◽  
Yan Wei Dai
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Stress Triaxiality ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Crack Tip Field ◽  
Creep Crack ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Engineering Practices ◽  
Mismatch Effect ◽  
Transient And Steady State

Creep crack within weldments are very common in engineering practices, and the cracking location in these welding structures always appears at the HAZ location. The mismatch effect on the mixed mode creep crack is still not clear in these available literatures. The aim of this paper is to investigate the mismatch influence on the creep crack of mixed mode thoroughly. A mixed mode creep crack within HAZ is established in this paper. The leading factor that dominates the creep crack tip field under mixed loading mode is studied. The influences of mismatch effect on mode mixity, stress distribution and stress triaxiality are proposed. The difference of mixed mode creep crack and normal mode I or mode II creep crack are compared. The influence of mixity factor on the transient and steady state creep of crack tip are also analyzed.

Decision support for hydraulic crane stabilization using combined loading and crane mat strength analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 103884
Author(s):  
Ghulam Muhammad Ali ◽  
Asif Mansoor ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Jacek Olearczyk ◽  
Ahmed Bouferguene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Crane

scholarly journals Strengthening Effect of the External Prestressing Method That Simulated a Deterioration Bridge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2553
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jong-Sup Park ◽  
Woo-Tai Jung ◽  
Jae-Yoon Kang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Yield Load ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
External Prestressing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Existing Structure ◽  
Strengthening Method

Various methods for strengthening existing structures have been developed owing to the increase in human and property damages caused by the deterioration of structures. Among the various reinforcing methods, the external prestressing method increases the usability and safety of a structure by directly applying tension to the weak tensile area that suffers the greatest deflection during the structure usage. The external prestressing method is advantageous in reducing cracks caused by the introduced tension and restoration of the deflection. Since the strengthening method is applied to deterioration bridges, the strengthening effect is affected by the condition of the existing structure. However, studies on the strengthening effect according to the degree of deterioration are insufficient. Therefore, the behavior according to the strengthening status was analyzed, and the strengthening effect was identified in this study by simulating the deteriorated bridge, reducing the compressive strength and reinforcement quantity, and conducting a four-point loading test. As a result of the experiment, a reinforcement effect of 215% crack load, 161% yield load, and the difference in behavior according to the reinforcement parameters were confirmed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Construction of a Climate Resilient City: An Empirical Study Based on the Difference in Differences Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2082
Author(s):  
Zifeng Liang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Facing climate risks has become a common problem for mankind and a topic of great importance for the Chinese government. To thoroughly implement the overall requirements for the construction of an ecological civilization and effectively improve the capacity of cities to adapt to climate change, China launched the pilot construction of “Climate Resilient Cities” in 2017. In this paper, 16 prefecture level cities in Anhui Province of China were selected as the research objects, and the multi-level grey system evaluation method was used to measure the climate resilience of these regions. We used the difference in differences method to evaluate the effect of the pilot policy of “Climate Resilient Cities.” The pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” showed a significant contribution to the regional climate resilience, and, after isolating the impact of other factors on the regional climate resilience, the pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” increased the climate resilience of the pilot cities by four percentage points. The pilot policies of the “Climate Resilient Cities” had a significant contribution to the urban infrastructure development and ecological space optimization, as well as non-significant impacts to the urban water security, emergency management capacity-building, and science and technology innovation initiatives.

The effect of finite deformations in the elastic stability of plane frames

1962 ◽  
Vol 266 (1324) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Elastic Stability ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Proportional Loading ◽  
Arbitrary Load ◽  
Plane Frames ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rigid Joints

The circumstances are discussed under which orthogonal relations exist between the elastic critical modes of plane frames subjected to proportional loading. Orthogonal relations may be obtained provided the loading does not produce any components of deformation associated with any of the critical modes at arbitrary levels of the load factor, and provided no part of the structure remains statically indeterminate due to bar forces when all rigid joints are replaced by pin joints. When at arbitrary load factors, the structure deforms with components associated with any of the buckling modes, the elastic failure load is not identical with the lowest elastic critical load, although for many frames the two loads may be very close. A general expression is obtained which reveals the relation between the deformations at an arbitrary load level and the deflexions given by linear analysis. The difference between the elastic failure load and the elastic critical load is discussed, and an approximate treatment applicable to certain types of frame and associated loading is developed.

Biomechanical comparison of the Lim/Tsai tendon repair with a modified method using a single looped suture

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Kai Chang ◽  
Yoke Rung Wong ◽  
Shian Chao Tay
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Cycle Loading ◽  
The Difference

The Lim/Tsai tendon repair technique has been modified clinically to achieve a 6-strand repair using a single looped suture with one extratendinous knot. We compared biomechanical performance of the original and modified methods using 20 porcine flexor digitorum profundus tendons. The ultimate tensile strength, load to 2 mm gap force, mode of failure, and time taken to repair each tendon were recorded during a single cycle loading test in 10 tendons with each repair method. We found that despite having the same number of core strands, the single looped suture modified Lim/Tsai technique possessed significantly greater ultimate tensile strength and load to 2 mm gap force. Also, less repair time was required. We conclude that the modified 6-strand repair using a single looped suture has better mechanical performance than the original method. The difference likely was due to the changes in locations of the knots and subsequent load distribution during tendon loading.

The Application of Fuzzy Synthesis Evaluation Method on Assessing Bridge Durability

2012 ◽  
Vol 594-597 ◽  
pp. 1033-1037
Author(s):  
Fei Zheng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Pu Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Concrete Bridges ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Fuzzy Mathematics ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fuzzy Synthesis Evaluation ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

Assessment of the structure durability of concrete bridge in service is crucial for determining whether their service performance is meeting the design requirements or not. In this paper we classify the whole structure of bridge into two levels, i.e.bridge structure and bridge components. A two-level-multi-index model for evaluating the durability of concrete bridges in service is established based on the dependent functions of various factors, in which the dependent functions are chosen in accordance with the difference of various factors affecting the deterioration of durability of components. In this model, the durability of the bridge is divided into five different fuzzy levels: intact, disrepaired, damaged, severely damaged, and dangerous. Finally, based on fuzzy mathematics theory, the durability level of a bridge in practice is evaluated by using the maximum subordination principle.

Development of an Evaluation Method for Seismic Isolation Systems of Nuclear Power Facilities: Part 6 — Scaled Tests to Obtain Basic Characteristics of Lead Rubber Bearing

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Hirotani ◽  
Ryota Takahama ◽  
Masaki Yukawa ◽  
Hiroshi Hibino ◽  
Yuji Aikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
Lead Rubber Bearing ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Isolation Systems ◽  
Seismic Isolation Systems ◽  
Hysteresis Characteristics

This paper provides a series comprising the “Development of Evaluation Method for Seismic Isolation Systems of Nuclear Power Facilities”. Part 6 presents scaled tests for Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) newly developed for this project. Following tests are performed to obtain the basic characteristics of LRB,. (1) Horizontal and Vertical Simultaneous Loading Test: LRBs with diameter of 250mm are tested dynamically under simultaneous axial and lateral loading. The hysteresis characteristics is not changed under compressive load although it is changed under tensile load. (2) Basic Break Test: LRBs with a diameter of 800mm are tested statically under various combinations of axial and lateral forces. The hysteresis characteristics model of LRB is determined by this test. It is confirmed that the breaking strain of LRB under compression load exceeds 450%. (3) Horizontal Hardening and Vertical Softening Test: For LRBs with a diameter of 1200 mm, 75% scale of actual LRB are tested statically for horizontal hardening and vertical softening regions. It is confirmed that the hysteresis model which is developed by smaller LRBs is applicable to these large scale models.

The Value of Electrocardiographic Changes in Evaluating the Prognosis of Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) After PCI

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1435-1442
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xiuyu Liang ◽  
Yuzhe Fan ◽  
Gendong Zhou ◽  
Xiaohong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Thrombolytic Effect ◽  
St Elevation ◽  
The Difference

To explore the relationship between the changes of ECG indexes and the prognosis after PCI in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and to develop the evaluation method and analyze the advantages and characteristics. 420 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were admitted to our hospital from March 2017 to April 2020. They were divided into the observation group (ST segment elevation type) with 220 patients and control group (non-ST segment elevation type) with 200 patients according to whether ST segment elevation was or not. ECG was detected before and 1 hour after operation, evaluation of thrombolytic effect, 6-minute walking test and echocardiography were performed 3 months after operation. Compared with the control group, the ECG of the observation group showed St Compared with the control group, the thrombolytic effect of the observation group was significantly improved, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); compared with the control group, the thrombolysis effect of the observation group was significantly improved, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); ECG index can effectively reflect the recovery of cardiac function after PCI in patients with acute STEMI, and can effectively indicate the improvement of symptoms in patients with AMI, which is worthy of clinical application.

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