Effects of Impregnation Time on Physical and Tensile Properties of Impregnated Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Fibres

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 1147-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ishak ◽  
Zulkiflle Leman ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
M.Z.A. Rahman ◽  
U.M.K. Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Strain Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of impregnation time on physical and tensile properties of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibres. The fibre was impregnated with phenol formaldehyde (PF) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with various impregnation times (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 min) at constant impregnation pressure of 1000 mmHg, before it was released within 30 s. Significant improvement in physical properties was observed after being impregnated for 5 min especially for fibre impregnated with PF due to its low moisture content (MC) and water absorption (WA). However, no significant changes in specific gravity for both impregnated fibres were observed. Fibre impregnated with UP for 5 min shows notable improvement in tensile strength and better fibre toughness while the fibre impregnated with PF showed lower tensile strength and elongation at break and higher tensile modulus than un-impregnated fibre. Since the PF-impregnated fibre become brittle and results in lower fibre toughness as shown in the stress strain behavior, this causes for poor fibre properties. However, there was no significant difference (p≤0.05) between all impregnated fibres in physical and tensile properties after impregnation time was extended from 10 to 25 min. In general, by increasing time of impregnation did not give much effect in improving physical and tensile properties of fibres.

Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk Biocomposites: Effect of Maleated Polypropylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koay Seong Chun ◽  
Salmah Husseinsyah ◽  
Hakimah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Matrix Interaction ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk (PP/CPH) biocomposites with different maleated polypropylene (MAPP) content were prepared via melt blending process using Brabender Plastrograph mixer. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of PP/CPH biocomposites increased with increasing of MAPP content. The PP/CPH biocomposites with 5 phr of MAPP showed the optimum improvement on tensile properties. However, the increased of MAPP content reduced the elongation at break of PP/CPH biocomposites. At 5 phr of MAPP content, PP/CPH biocomposites showed lowest elongation at break. Scanning electron microscope confirms the PP/CPH biocomposites with MAPP have better filler-matrix interaction and adhesion due to the effect of MAPP.

scholarly journals The effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) / chloroprene rubber (CR) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the silica-filled NR/CR blends as a non-toxic rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the silica-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength at a 1.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling measurement proved that the 1.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the silica-filled NR/CR blends.

Tensile Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Januar Parlaungan Siregar ◽  
Tezara Cionita ◽  
Dandi Bachtiar ◽  
Mohd Ruzaimi Mat Rejab
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Polyester Composites

In recent years natural fibres such as sisal, jute, kenaf, pineapple leaf and banana fibres appear to be the outstanding materials which come as the viable and abundant substitute for the expensive and non-renewable synthethic fibre. This paper investigate the effect of fibre length and fibre content on the tensile properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) reinforced unsaturated polyester (UP) composites. PALF as reinforcement agent will be employed with UP to form composite material specimens. The various of fiber length (<0.5, 0.5–1, and 1-2 mm) and fibre content (0, 5, 10 and 15 % by volume) in UP composite have been studied. The fabrication of PALF/UP composites used hand lay-up process, and the specimens for tensile test prepared follow the ASTM D3039. The result obtained from this study show that the 1-2 mm fibre length has higher tensile strength (42 MPa) and tensile modulus (1344 MPa) values compared to fibre length of <0.5 mm (30 MPa and 981 MPa) and 0.5-1 mm (35.40 MPa and 1020 MPa) respectively. Meanwhile, for the effect of various fibre content in study has shown that the increase of fibre content has decreased in tensile strength dan tensile modulus of composites. The increase of fibre content due to poor interfacial bonding and poor wetting of the fibre by unsaturated polyster. The treatment of natural fibre are suggested in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between natural fibre and the unsaturated polyester.

scholarly journals Investigation on tensile properties of epoxy/graphene nano-platelets/carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber ternary nanocomposites using response surface methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 184798041985584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadhossein Saberian ◽  
Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi ◽  
Ismail Ghasemi ◽  
Sajjad Daneshpayeh
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

In this study, the response surface methodology was used to investigate the tensile properties of epoxy/graphene nano-platelets/carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber ternary nanocomposites. Box–Benhken method was used to design experiments for four factors consisting of graphene nano-platelets (at 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt%), carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (0, 5, and 10 wt%), hardener contents (80, 90, and 100 phr), and also different post curing temperature (130, 140, and 150°C). After the samples were prepared, a tensile test was performed to obtain the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break of nanocomposites. Moreover, field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the state of graphene nano-platelets dispersion. The results obtained from the tensile tests showed that increasing the graphene nano-platelets, carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber, and hardener contents and high post curing temperature reduced the tensile strength. The optimum value of tensile modulus was achieved at low concentration of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber and high contents of graphene nano-platelets, whereas maximum elongation at break occurred at high content of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber and low concentration of graphene nano-platelets and hardener. In addition, a second-order polynomial model was used to correlate the tensile properties of ternary nanocomposites to the desired factors. Finally, contour plots were used to determine optimum values of the desired factors. It was seen that the presence of 10 wt% of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber in the epoxy matrix increased the elongation at break by the considerable amount of ∼49%.

Effects of Impregnation Pressure on Physical and Tensile Properties of Impregnated Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Fibres

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 1153-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ishak ◽  
Zulkiflle Leman ◽  
S.M. Sapuan ◽  
M.Z.A. Rahman ◽  
U.M.K. Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
High Toughness ◽  
Sugar Palm Fibre ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Palm Fibre

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of impregnation pressure on physical and tensile properties of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibres. The fibre was impregnated with phenol formaldehyde (PF) and unsaturated polyester (UP) with different impregnation pressures (1000, 900, 800, 700, 600 and 500 mmHg) at constant impregnation time of 5 min. Significant improvement in physical properties was observed due to reduction of moisture content (MC) and water absorption (WA) after being impregnated from 1000 to 500 mmHg while PF-impregnated fibre was showing more superior. Improvement in mechanical properties was also observed after being impregnated where much better tensile properties and toughness were found at UP-impregnated fibres while PF-impregnated fibres were found to be very much lower in toughness. This study concluded that in order to obtain a high toughness and better physical properties of sugar palm fibre, the fibre should be impregnated with UP resin with impregnation pressure of 600 mmHg.

Tensile Mechanical Properties of Wood Fiber / PVC Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 1512-1516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li Duan ◽  
En Chen Jiang ◽  
Yu Hua Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break

The influencing effects of the content of wood fiber, particle size and content of titanate coupler on the tensile properties of wood fiber (include the pine powder and the rice husk powder )/PVC composites (WPC) were investigated. The results showed that the tensile modulus of WPC are increased, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of WPC are decreased slightly when the wood fiber changed from 30 to 60( phr method) . Between 150μm and 165μm in the size of the diameter, the tensile strength of WPC increased by 11.5%, however it is increased by 5% between 165μm and 315μm. The content of titanate coupler affected significantly, the tensile properties of WPC appeared first increased and then decreased when the content of titanate coupler is increased from 0 to 3.5 shares( phr method). Added the same content of pine powder or rice husk powder, the tensile modulus and the tensile strength of WPC which filled pine powder are bigger, but the elongation at break of WPC which filled rice husk powder are bigger.

Effects of 60Co-Irradiation on Tensile Properties of Polyimide Based on 2,2-Bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 323-326
Author(s):  
Yan Hong Zheng ◽  
Yu Zhai ◽  
Jian Mei Guo ◽  
Hong Yan Yu ◽  
Lian Cai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Maximum Increment ◽  
Tetracarboxylic Dianhydride

Radiation effects on polyimide (PI) films were studied with different irradiation doses by 60Co. The PI film were synthesized from 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane (Bis-AP-AF) with 3,3',4,4'-Benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA). The tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of the irradiation PI films were measured and compared in order to determine the effect of the irradiation doses on the tensile properties. The results showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of the irradiation PI film can be significantly improved by irradiation of 60Co source. The optimum irradiation doses were 50 kGy. The maximum increment of tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of the irradiation PI film is 37.8%, 45.0% and 95.2%, respectively.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ALKANOLAMIDA TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT UJI TARIK VULKANISAT KARET ALAM BERPENGISI KAOLIN

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yudha Widyanata ◽  
Indah M.S. Sitorus ◽  
Indra Surya
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Break Up

By using a semi-efficient vulcanization system, Alkanolamide (ALK) was incorporated into kaolin-filled natural rubber compound at 1.0; 3.0; 5.0 and 7.0 parts per hundred rubber (phr). An investigation was carried out to examine the effect of ALK on tensile properties of the kaolin filled-natural rubber compound. It was found that ALK exhibited higher tensile modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break up to 5.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increasing of ALK loading. Crosslink density measurement proved that 5.0 phr loading of ALK in the kaolin-filled natural rubber system exhibited greatest tensile properties due to its highest crosslink density formation.

scholarly journals Exploring the Effects of Fermented Chitin Nanowhiskers on Tensile and Thermal Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol) modified Polylactic Acid Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Syazeven Effatin Azma Mohd Asri ◽  
Zainoha Zakaria ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim ◽  
Reza Arjmandi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Polyethylene Glycols ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Chitin Nanowhiskers ◽  
Poly Ethylene

The incorporation of fermented chitin nanowhiskers (FCHW) into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) increased the tensile modulus and strength of PLA at the expense of ductility. The brittleness of PLA can be overcome with the use of plasticizer such as polyethylene glycols (PEG). The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of FCHW on the tensile and thermal properties PLA incorporated with PEG as plasticizer (PLA/PEG). PLA/PEG and FCHW reinforced PLA/PEG nanocomposites were prepared using solution mixing technique. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to determine the thermal properties while tensile properties were determined from the tensile test. The incorporation of PEG successfully increased the ductility and tensile strength of PLA at the expense of modulus. Based on the tensile properties, 5 phr PEG was chosen for further investigation on the effect of FCHW on PEG modified PLA. Incorporation of 1 phr FCHW PLA/PEG increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus. However, the tensile strength decreased with further addition of FCHW. The elongation at break of PLA/PEG decreased drastically with the incorporation of 1 phr FCHW and decreased gradually with further increase of FCHW. The thermal stability from TGA of FCHW reinforced PLA/PEG nanocomposites at 5 phr FCHW content was observed to be significantly higher compared to PLA/PEG, as indicated by T20 and Tmax.

Mechanical properties of low-density paper

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Na Young Park ◽  
Young Chan Ko ◽  
Lili Melani ◽  
Hyoung Jin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Tensile Stiffness ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength

AbstractFor the mechanical properties of paper, tensile testing has been widely used. Among the tensile properties, the tensile stiffness has been used to determine the softness of low-density paper. The lower tensile stiffness, the greater softness of paper. Because the elastic region may not be clearly defined in a load-elongation curve, it is suggested to use the tensile modulus which is defined as the slope between the two points in the curve. The two points which provide the best correlation with subjective softness evaluation should be selected. Low-density paper has a much lower tensile strength, but much larger elongation at the break. It undergoes a continuous structural change during mechanical testing. The degree of the structural change should depend on tensile conditions such as the sample size, the gauge length, and the rate of elongation. For low-density paper, the tensile modulus and the tensile strength should be independent of each other. The structure efficiency factor (SEF) is defined as a ratio of the tensile strength to the tensile modulus and it may be used a guideline in developing superior low-density paper products.

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