Development of Bionic Design Concepts for Structure Optimisation of Forming Tools According to Production and Stress Constraints

2011 ◽  
Vol 473 ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Eugen Oswald ◽  
Mathias Liewald ◽  
Oliver Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Stress Constraints ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Current Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Forming Tools ◽  
Current Standards ◽  
Made In

In the automotive industry, current design and dimensioning of forming tools and bearing tool components occurs according to guidelines. Possible interactions between arising loads as well as dimensioning are empirically estimated. Simulative computations, which are based on CAE-methods, are only realized in special cases. Therefore, most often current standards lead to oversized tools. In consequence, new studies based on CAE-analyses are supposed to investigate new possibilities to design forming tools and components optimized in their structure corresponding to the right distribution of forces and stress. This is made in order to increase reliability during the manufacturing process, as well as the tools’ stiffness and contribute to decrease of investment costs.

‘Enforcement of Patent Law in Civil Proceedings’ – A Conference Report on the Fifth Bi-national Seminar of TU Dresden and Charles University in Prague, 26 November 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-629
Author(s):  
David Petrlík ◽  
David Linke
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Conference Report ◽  
Patent Law ◽  
Patent Infringement ◽  
Injunctive Relief ◽  
Civil Proceedings ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Good For ◽  
Proportionality Test ◽  
Made In

Abstract What is the law good for if it cannot be enforced? This question is currently virulent in patent law, especially when it comes to the enforcement of injunctive relief claims. From the German perspective, a question arises: does a patent infringement have to automatically result in an injunction (as is the situation currently according to Sec. 139 of the Patent Law Act) or should exceptions be made in special cases? In particular, the automotive industry and also the IT sector demand a modernisation of this provision by introducing a proportionality test, as even the smallest patentable components in networked products can lead to the entire production being blocked in the event of a successful injunction action. Similar problems exist in US patent law. The enforceability of Czech patent law also faces challenges that need to be solved. For this reason, the fifth seminar on the topic ‘Enforcement of Patent Law in Civil Proceedings’ took place on 26 November 2019 at Charles University Prague.

Cancellation and Termination of Assignment Contract of Patrimonial Rights of the Author

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Tudor-Vlad Sfârlog
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

Abstract The present study offers the doctrine of the right of intellectual creation new perspectives on the study of the institution of termination of the assignment contract for the patrimonial rights resulting from the intellectual creation. We believe that the present study is rich in doctrinal contributions, formulating new theses and opening the prospect for new perspectives of scientific research. Last but not least, we appreciate that the proposals made in the present study contribute not only to the activity of opinionated in the field, but also to the work of practitioners and direct beneficiaries of the legal provisions on the assignment of patrimonial rights of authors.

scholarly journals Design, Manufacturing and Test of CFRP Front Hood Concepts for a Light-Weight Vehicle

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Paul Bere ◽  
Mircea Dudescu ◽  
Călin Neamțu ◽  
Cătălin Cocian
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Torsional Stiffness ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Black Metal ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Metal Design ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Transversal Stiffness

Composite materials are very often used in the manufacture of lightweight parts in the automotive industry, manufacturing of cost-efficient elements implies proper technology combined with a structural optimization of the material structure. The paper presents the manufacturing process, experimental and numerical analyses of the mechanical behavior for two composite hoods with different design concepts and material layouts as body components of a small electric vehicle. The first model follows the black metal design and the second one is based on the composite design concept. Manufacturing steps and full details regarding the fabrication process are delivered in the paper. Static stiffness and strain values for lateral, longitudinal and torsional loading cases were investigated. The first composite hood is 254 times lighter than a similar steel hood and the second hood concept is 22% lighter than the first one. The improvement in terms of lateral stiffness for composite hoods about a similar steel hood is for the black metal design concept about 80% and 157% for the hood with a sandwich structure and modified backside frame. Transversal stiffness is few times higher for both composite hoods while the torsional stiffness has an increase of 62% compared to a similar steel hood.

scholarly journals An enhancement of the current design concepts for the improved consideration of residual stresses in fatigue-loaded welds

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-651
Author(s):  
Th. Nitschke-Pagel ◽  
J. Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Design Tools ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Real Distribution ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Reliable Knowledge

AbstractThe consideration of residual stresses in fatigue-loaded welds is currently done only qualitatively without reliable knowledge about their real distribution, amount and prefix. Therefore, the tools which enable a more or less unsafe consideration in design concepts are mainly based on unsafe experiences and doubtful assumptions. Since the use of explicitly determined residual stresses outside the welding community is state of the art, the target of the presented paper is to show a practicable way for an enhanced consideration of residual stresses in the current design tools. This is not only limited on residual stresses induced by welding, but also on post-weld treatment processes like HFMI or shot peening. Results of extended experiments with longitudinal fillet welds and butt welds of low and high strength steels evidently show that an improved use of residual stresses in fatigue strength approximation enables a better evaluation of peening processes as well as of material adjusted welding procedures or post-weld stress relief treatments. The concept shows that it is generally possible to overcome the existing extremely conservative but although unsafe rules and regulations and may also enable the improved use of high strength steels.

scholarly journals When to Substitute a Missing Upper Lateral With a Canine: A Simplified Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422098054
Author(s):  
Renu Datta
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The One ◽  
Individual Presentation ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Missing Tooth ◽  
Made In

Introduction: The upper lateral incisor is the most commonly missing tooth in the anterior segment. It leads to esthetic and functional imbalance for the patients. The ideal solution is the one that is most conservative and which fulfills the functional and esthetic needs of the concerned individual. Canine substitution is evolving to be the treatment of choice in most of the cases, because of its various advantages. These are special cases that need more time and effort from the clinicians due to space discrepancy in the upper and lower arches, along with the presentation of individual malocclusion. Aims and Objectives: Malocclusion occurring due to missing laterals is more complex, needing more time and effort from the clinicians because of space discrepancy, esthetic compromise, and individual presentation of the malocclusion. An attempt has been made in this article to review, evaluate, and tabulate the important factors for the convenience of clinicians. Method: All articles related to canine substitution were searched in the electronic database PubMed, and the important factors influencing the decision were reviewed. After careful evaluation, the checklist was evolved. Result: The malocclusions in which canine substitution is the treatment of choice are indicated in the tabular form for the convenience of clinicians. Specific treatment-planning considerations and biomechanics that can lead to an efficient and long-lasting result are also discussed. Conclusion: The need of the hour is an evidence-based approach, along with a well-designed prospective randomized control trial to understand the importance of each factor influencing these cases. Until that time, giving the available information in a simplified way can be a quality approach to these cases.

scholarly journals Refinements of the Lower Bounds of the Jensen Functional

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Franjić ◽  
Sadia Khalid ◽  
Josip Pečarić
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bounds ◽  
Jensen Inequality ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Jensen Functional ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The lower bounds of the functional defined as the difference of the right-hand and the left-hand side of the Jensen inequality are studied. Refinements of some previously known results are given by applying results from the theory of majorization. Furthermore, some interesting special cases are considered.

The "Right to Die": A Case Study in American Lawmaking*

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-74
Author(s):  
Alan Meisel
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Right To Die ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
The Press ◽  
American Law ◽  
American Legal System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn the 20 years that have passed since the Karen Quinlan case exposed a simmering clinical issue to the light of day — more precisely, to the press and to judicial process — a consensus has developed in American law about how end-of-life decisionmaking should occur. To be sure, there are dissenting voices from this consensus, but they are often (though not always) about minor issues. By illustrating how this consensus has evolved, this paper explores how law is made in the American legal system and the roles that different legal and extra-legal institutions play in lawmaking.

Summary judgment — Quo vadis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-114
Author(s):  
Thino Bekker
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
High Court ◽  
The Core ◽  
Golden Opportunity ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Summary Judgment ◽  
Made In

The summary judgment procedure in South African law provides for a speedy judgment in favour of a deserving plaintiff where it can be shown that the defendant does not have a triable defence. In 2019 the Rules Board made certain drastic amendments to the procedure of summary judgment in the high court. In this article the historical development of the procedure of summary judgment will be discussed, and the new amendments to rule 32 of the Uniform Rules of Court critically evaluated. It will be argued that the amendments to rule 32 were unnecessary and that it may diminish the right to access to justice in civil disputes. It will, however, also be argued that there are some merits in the critique raised by the Rules Board in relation to rule 32 and that the Rules Board missed a golden opportunity to overhaul the entire summary judgment procedure in a more sensible manner and in line with the core constitutional values of s 34 of the Constitution. It will be argued that rule 32 should be replaced in its entirety by a new, more streamlined procedure, and some recommendations for legal reform will be made in this regard.

scholarly journals XXXIV. On the transit of Venus in 1769. To the Right Honourable The Earl of Morton, President to the Council and Fellows of the Royal Society, this discourse is, with all humility, inscribed, by their humble servant, Thomas Hornsby

1765 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 326-344 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

The observations of the late transit of Venus, though made with all possible care and accuracy, have not enabled us to determine with certainty the real quantity of the sun's parallax; since, by a comparison of the observations made in several parts of the globe, the sun's parallax is not less than 8" 1/2, nor does it seem to exceed 10". From the labours of those gentlemen, who have attempted to deduce this quantity from the theory of gravity, it should seem that the earth performs its annual revolution round the sun at a greater distance than is generally imagined: since Mr. Professor Stewart has determined the sun's parallax to be only 6', 9, and Mr. Mayer, the late celebrated Professor at Gottingen, who hath brought the lunar tables to a degree of perfection almost unexpected, is of opinion that it cannot exceed 8".

scholarly journals Studies on Amphibian Metamorphosis

1939 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-120
Author(s):  
O. M. HELFF
Keyword(s):  
Great Majority ◽  
Gill Tissue ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Amphibian Metamorphosis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Made In

(1) Opercular integument, homoplastically transplanted to the back and side of R. temporaria larvae, underwent a process of partial degeneration. The histolysis was not confined to any localized region of the transplant. (2) Autoplastic transplantation of opercular integument to the back and side produced a variety of results. Normal histological structure was maintained in certain transplants, generalized degeneration was observed in others, while in several instances localized histolysis resulting in perforation formation occurred. (3) Homoplastic and autoplastic transplantation of back and side skin to the opercular region resulted in histolysis and perforation formation in such transplants during larval involution. (4) The right forelimbs (in early stages of development) with attached portions of the shoulder girdle were extirpated in R. temporaria and B. bufo. During subsequent metamorphosis, normal opercular histolysis followed by perforation formation in many cases was observed. In most instances, serial sections of the peribranchial cavity revealed the absence of cutaneous glands. (5) Extirpation of the right forelimb only was made in the same two species. Opercular histolysis subsequently occurred in all instances, resulting in perforation formation in the great majority of cases during larval involution. In many of the B. bufo animals two separate perforations developed, one filled with limb stump and the other with gill tissue. (6) It is concluded that in R. temporaria a particular area of the operculum may in some individuals possess self-degenerative potentialities conducive to histolysis and perforation formation during metamorphosis. In both R. temporaria and B. bufo histolytic influences emanating from the atrophying gill tissue and the cutaneous glands of the forelimb are probably also responsible for opercular histolysis and perforation formation. Limb pressure must be considered a supplemental factor. (7) The results are discussed in general and attention called to the fact that opercular histolysis and perforation formation are "doubly assured" in some species and possibly even "triply assured" in others. Emphasis is placed on the evidently wide divergence between species as regards the particular combination of factors responsible for opercular histolysis and perforation formation. Apparently, no one explanation can serve to account for the phenomenon as it occurs in various species of anurans.

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