Energy Requirements in Manufacturing: Lifecycle and Tribology Considerations

2012 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
S.R. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Source Effects ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Ancillary Equipment

Energy sources, in the form of coal, oil, natural gas, solar or nuclear power, are global commodities, and as demand is projected to rise in the coming decades, so will costs. As such, an understanding of the energy needs of manufacturing processes and the ability to reduce the energy and carbon footprints are essential for sustainability reasons. This paper examines the global sources of energy, since the source used has a large effect on the cost and environmental impact of energy. Energy source effects are quantified in a number of measures. The theoretical approaches used to obtain a carbon footprint are explained and their shortcomining identified. Models of energy needs by manufacturing process are then examined, along with models incorporating the use of ancillary equipment such as pumps, filters, blowers, lighting, etc. Finally, the successful application of tribological principles to influence energy consumption is discussed.

Insight of Green Economy in Algeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-126
Author(s):  
Zina Arabeche ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Abdelli
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
General Application ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

Since the emergence of the industrial revolution, the use of energy resources has increased considerably, particularly non renewable (coal, oil and gas), so these resources are no longer sufficient to cover the different energy needs, and this has become a challenge to the energy independance of many gouvernment now and in the future. This has caused the world to scramble for other ways to satisfy these needs in which the results of scientific research and development envolved from alternative uses of old energy sources and named green economy, and many think about the future of energy despite the barriers that still hinder the general application of this type of economy. Energy consumption in Algeria is focused almost entirely on fossil fuels, hydrocarbons, and gas in particular. In recent years, Algeria is deciding to move intro the green economy, the unique solution for meeting future energy requirements and helping reduce environmental risks.

APPLICATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN HOSPITALITY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavlin Pavlov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
The Cost

Renewable energy sources provide a perspective for reducing the harmful effects on the environment. They also help to reduce the cost of meeting energy needs after the return on investment in alternative energy. The tourism sector and in particular the hotel business use significant amounts of energy resources. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to present the nature of RES and the ways of application in the hotel industry. Barriers and opportunities for overcoming them are outlined. Some good practices of using alternative energy sources in the hotel business are presented.

scholarly journals Optimal Sizing of Stand-Alone Microgrids Based on Recent Metaheuristic Algorithms

Mathematics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Zaki Diab ◽  
Ali M. El-Rifaie ◽  
Magdy M. Zaky ◽  
Mohamed A. Tolba
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Location Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Load Characteristics ◽  
The Cost

Scientists have been paying more attention to the shortage of water and energy sources all over the world, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). In this article, a microgrid configuration of a photovoltaic (PV) plant with fuel cell (FC) and battery storage systems has been optimally designed. A real case study in Egypt in Dobaa region of supplying safety loads at a nuclear power plant during emergency cases is considered, where the load characteristics and the location data have been taken into consideration. Recently, many optimization algorithms have been developed by researchers, and these algorithms differ from one another in their performance and effectiveness. On the other hand, there are recent optimization algorithms that were not used to solve the problem of microgrids design in order to evaluate their performance and effectiveness. Optimization algorithms of equilibrium optimizer (EQ), bat optimization (BAT), and black-hole-based optimization (BHB) algorithms have been applied and compared in this paper. The optimization algorithms are individually used to optimize and size the energy systems to minimize the cost. The energy systems have been modeled and evaluated using MATLAB.

Cuba will struggle to diversify energy sources

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
The Many

Subject Cuban energy struggles. Significance One of the many challenges facing new President Miguel Diaz-Canel is meeting Cuba's energy requirements. Cuba relies heavily on imports to meet its energy needs but its main supplier Venezuela is facing an economic crisis and declining oil production and its ability to subsidise supplies is fast diminishing, leaving the island in a precarious position. Impacts Cuba aims to produce 25% of its electricity from renewables by 2030, but how this will be achieved is unclear. If necessary, Havana may impose fuel and electricity cuts but such strategies will only go so far. Russia or China provide hope of new oil imports but neither would offer Cuba a deal as good as that offered by Venezuela.

Photovoltaic Devices

2013 ◽  
pp. 126-162
Author(s):  
Ashraf Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Silicon Wafers ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time ◽  
Widespread Interest

Photovoltaics (PV) have been the world’s most rapidly growing energy source, with markets increasing at a compounded rate over the years. The electricity generating capacity of new photovoltaic product manufactured in 2006 exceeded new nuclear power capacity for the first time, with the gap widening in each year. The present continues to be a most exciting and challenging time for photovoltaics. More are recognising the possibility of a future where solar cells provide a significant part of the world’s energy needs, without the environmental problems and escalating costs associated with the present mainstream approaches. Silicon is a semiconductor material which is mostly used for PV devices. Silicon is available in different forms like single crystal, poly crystalline, and amorphous. Most photovoltaic sales are of “first-generation” solar cells made from silicon wafers. First-generation PV research challenges are the cost reduction and further improving efficiency. The rapid growth of the photovoltaic industry is generating widespread interest in past and ongoing innovations of the PV technology. Silicon is quite brittle, so silicon wafers have to be reasonably thick, at least a fraction of a millimetre, to be sufficiently rugged for processing into solar cells with reasonable yields. Without this mechanical constraint, silicon would perform well even if very thin, over 100 times thinner than present wafers.

scholarly journals Systemic competitiveness of nuclear energy sources*

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Vladimir Usanov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Integrated Energy Systems ◽  
The Cost

Possibilities are analyzed for improving the commercial attractiveness of nuclear electricity generation in market conditions. A model is presented in which a financially integrated electricity generating system comprising several units of one technological type, rather than a single unit, is subject to an economic analysis. Issues have been considered involved in the calculation of the electricity cost in such systems and their construction. It has been shown that the calculated unit cost of the electricity generated in a financially integrated nuclear energy system with the number of units being more than one, provided it is financed by shareholders and creditors, can be lower as compared with the cost of the electricity generated by power units, not integrated economically, of the same capacity under the same investment conditions.The effect is achieved thanks to the short-term crediting component in the electricity cost the funds on which can be returned, at a time, for a smaller number of units (even for only one), as electricity is produced by all units in the system. The results of the calculations for nuclear energy sources and combined-cycle plants using the developed model make it possible to conclude that the switch from economic models of individual nuclear units to models of integrated energy systems can bring the calculated economic performance of nuclear power closer to (or better) the performance of fossil-fuel energy sources. If achieved, this may increase the commercial attractiveness of nuclear power and contribute to a growth in the public and private investments in nuclear power business.

scholarly journals Substitution of energy needs with renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 927 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
Subagyo Subagyo ◽  
J P Moh. Yanuar ◽  
P N Bambang ◽  
A Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant ◽  
The Republic

Abstract The problem of global warming is a problem facing the world community. Since the Industrial Revolution’s birth, the use of energy from fuel oil (FF) has surged, and this causes an increase in Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) resulting from burning fuel. This GHG is the cause of the rise in the earth’s temperature, which is estimated to one day, the earth is not comfortable and even no longer habitable. The solution to the problem is reducing GHGs that can be done by saving fuel use, which is replaced with renewable energy sources (REs). RE sources are obtained from the Solar Power Plant (SPP), Wind Energy Power Plant (WEPP), Ocean Wave and Current Power Plant (OWPP and OCPP), Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), Biodiversification Power Plant (BPP), Hybrid Power Plant. Besides, REs can also increase the overall electrification in Indonesia, such as in East Nusa Tenggara. However, the electrification rate is still low in quality. According to the Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation 2014, the National Energy Policy mandates that energy mix from REs in 2025 is expected to reach 23%. This paper presents a literature review on new and renewable energy that can be considered early in their use.

Power Cycles of Generation III and III+ Nuclear Power Plants

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dragunov ◽  
Eugene Saltanov ◽  
Igor Pioro ◽  
Pavel Kirillov ◽  
Romney Duffey
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power Plants

It is well known that the electrical-power generation is the key factor for advances in any other industries, agriculture and level of living. In general, electrical energy can be generated by: 1) non-renewable-energy sources such as coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear; and 2) renewable-energy sources such as hydro, wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and marine. However, the main sources for electrical-energy generation are: 1) thermal - primary coal and secondary natural gas; 2) “large” hydro and 3) nuclear. The rest of the energy sources might have visible impact just in some countries. Modern advanced thermal power plants have reached very high thermal efficiencies (55–62%). In spite of that they are still the largest emitters of carbon dioxide into atmosphere. Due to that, reliable non-fossil-fuel energy generation, such as nuclear power, becomes more and more attractive. However, current Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are way behind by thermal efficiency (30–42%) compared to that of advanced thermal power plants. Therefore, it is important to consider various ways to enhance thermal efficiency of NPPs. The paper presents comparison of thermodynamic cycles and layouts of modern NPPs and discusses ways to improve their thermal efficiencies.

scholarly journals Preventing Nuclear Weapon Proliferation as Nuclear Power Expands

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried S. Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Nuclear Attack ◽  
The Cold War

Raj et al. describe the promise of nuclear energy as a sustainable, affordable, and carbon-free source available this century on a scale that can help meet the world's growing need for energy and help slow the pace of global climate change. However, the factor of millions gain in energy release from nuclear fssion compared to all conventional energy sources that tap the energy of electrons (Figure 1) has also been used to create explosives of unprecedented lethality and, hence, poses a serious challenge to the expansion of nuclear energy worldwide. Although the end of the cold war has eliminated the threat of annihilating humanity, the likelihood of a devastating nuclear attack has increased as more nations, subnational groups, and terrorists seek to acquire nuclear weapons.

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