Low Cost Chemical Synthesis of Ammonia Borane Complex for Hydrogen Storage

2012 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Feng Cao ◽  
Zhen Yu Fang ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Si Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ammonia Borane ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Standard Index ◽  
Very High

Ammonia borane (AB) hydrides have been employed as disposable hydrogen (H2) sources for fuel cell applications, due to their high hydrogen capacity. In this paper, ammonia borane (AB) complex with high purity was synthesized by chemical method, using the low cost raw materials of NaBH4, CO2, and NH3. The thermal dynamic for the synthesis process is analyzed. The phase composition for the obtained ammonia borane (AB) complex powders was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. The results suggest that, very high purity ammonia borane (AB) complex powders were obtained, which was quite in agreement with the standard index of ammonia borane.

scholarly journals Synthesis of ZnO-CdO Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
N. Sahu ◽  
◽  
R. K. Duchaniya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ZnO-CdO nanocomposite was prepared by sol-gel method by using their respective nitrates. It is a simple and low cost method to prepare nanocomposites. The drying temperature and drying period of prepared gel was varied during the synthesis process. The prepared samples were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) to get surface morphology, idea of getting particle of nanosized range so that further characterizations can be done, to study the optical property of synthesized nanocomposite and measure the band gap . The grain size determined by Scherrer’s formula was found to be between 30-50 nm.

scholarly journals Assessing the possibility of solidification and stabilization of pyrite cinder by using quicklime and fly ash

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Đurđa Kerkez ◽  
Dragana Tomašević Pilipović ◽  
Milena Bečelić‐Tomin ◽  
Nataša Slijepčević ◽  
Dunja Rađenović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Pyrite Cinder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Acidic Solutions ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Very High

The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using two low-cost binders,quicklime and fly ash for the solidification/stabilization (S/S) of pyrite cinder.Pyrite cinder, used in this study, represents a remnant from sulfuric acid productionin fertilizer factory IHP “Prahovo” A.D. (Serbia), and has a very high toxicmetal content. High contents and leachability of copper, lead and zinc make thiswaste material hazardous, representing an extraordinary risk to the environment.In order to determine the leaching behavior of the S/S mixtures, four single-stepleaching tests were performed, each one having a different sort of leaching fluid(deionized water, inorganic and organic acidic solutions). X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS)were implemented to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for immobilization ofCu, Pb and Zn. Overall, the test results indicated that S/S treatment using bothquicklime and fly ash was effective in immobilizing these metals, especially whenthere is a higher share of binder present. Treated waste can be safe for disposal andeven considered for “controlled utilization”. Furthermore, the use of fly ash for S/Streatment of pyrite cinder solves the disposal problems of two waste types, as it alsorepresents a secondary industrial product.

Preparation of Forsterite by Solid State Synthesis Process and its Dielectric Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Shi ◽  
Peng Cheng Du ◽  
Jing Xiao Liu ◽  
Ji Wei Wu ◽  
Chun Yuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Solid State Synthesis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Using basic magnesium carbonate (Mg(OH)2•4MgCO3•6H2O) and SiO2 as raw materials, forsterite (Mg2SiO4) was prepared by solid state synthesis process. The optimal process for synthesizing Mg2SiO4 was obtained by adjusting Mg/Si molar ratio and sintering temperature. The crystal phase of the obtained Mg2SiO4 powder was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that the single-phase Mg2SiO4 powder can be obtained when the mixtures with Mg/Si molar ratio of 2.05～2.01 were sintered at 1350°C for 3h in the air. The as-prepared Mg2SiO4 ceramic samples which were sintered at 1300～1360°C showed better dielectric properties with εr=7.4 and tanδ =7.5×10-4.

Preparation of α-Al2O3 Powder by Microwave Pyrolysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Chen ◽  
Bing Bing Fan ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Xiao Xuan Pian ◽  
Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Analyzer

A fast method of microwave pyrolysis was provided to prepare α-Al2O3 powders. Aluminum hydroxide and Aluminum ammonium sulfate doclecahydrate were used as raw materials to obtain α-aluminum oxide powder by microwave pyrolysis, respectively. Thermo-Gravimetric/Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG/DTA) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were employed to investigate pyrolysis process and the transformation of metastables Al2O3 in the process of heating different precursors. Meanwhile, Flied Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was applied to observe microstructure and grain growth, and the phase composition was characterized by XRD. The results indicated that the high purity α-Al2O3 was obtained which met the demands of market, and the sample obtained from aluminum hydroxide performed high purity, small particle size and, while the sample from ammonium aluminum sulfate showed lower purity and larger grain size.

Water Absorbency Study of the Low-Cost Composite--Eupatorium adenophorum-Graft-Acrylic Acid/Acrylamide

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2098-2105
Author(s):  
Hai Bo Wen ◽  
Xin Gao ◽  
Heng Zhang ◽  
Ke Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Eupatorium Adenophorum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

In this study Eupatorium adenophorum was evaluated as potential raw materials for Water-Absorbent Composite (WAC) synthesized with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) in aqueous medium. Factors, such as weight ratio of AA/AM to dry powdered Eupatorium adenophorum (DPEA), the amount of initiator and cross-linker, neutralization degree of AA, which influence water-absorbent capacity of WAC, were investigated. Additionally, the performances of WACs were appraised in term of water absorbency. The results showed that the nearly optimal WAC was obtained with absorbencies of 933 g/g in deionized water and 310 g/g in 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution. Furthermore, the optimum super-absorbent has been proved with expectant polymerization structures and the morphological features via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electric Microscopy (SEM).

Production Ceramic Crude Petroleum Filters from Local Raw Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
Huda Jabbar ◽  
Enas Muhi ◽  
Tahseen Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crude Petroleum ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
Palm Fronds ◽  
Different Content

Crude petroleum filters were prepared from low-cost materials based on kaolin powder and combustible materials as palm fronds powder which acts as pore creating agent. The samples with different content (10, 20, 30,40) wt% of palm fronds powder (P.F) were fabricated using a dry pressing method and fired at 1100 °C. Crude petroleum filters were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive analysis (EDS) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physical properties (linear shrinkage, apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent density), mechanical properties (compressive strength and diametrical strength ) and Metallic Content.

Scallion-Root-Shaped GaN Nanorods Grown by Two-Step Method and Study on their Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Yu Ping Cao ◽  
Hai Bo Sun
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Step Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Band Emission ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Step Growth

Two-step growth technology to successfully synthesize scallion-root-shaped GaN nanorods was presented in this paper. This growth method is applicable to continuous synthesis a large number of single-crystalline GaN nanorods with a high purity at a low cost. X-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are employed to characterize the structure, composition and morphology of as-grown GaN nanorods. The results show that the obtained nanorods are single-crystal GaN with hexagonal wurtzite structure and have a relatively high purity. The diameter of the nanorods is about 500nm with length up to several tens of micrometers. The representative photoluminescence spectra (PL) measured at room temperature exhibited a strong and broad emission peak at 388nm corresponding to the strong-band-emission in wurtzite GaN, indicating that the nanorods have a good emission property. The growth mechanism is also briefly discussed.

Defect-Mediated Conductivity Enhancements in Na3-xPn1-xWxS4 (Pn = P, Sb) using Aliovalent Substitutions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Fuchs ◽  
Sean Culver ◽  
Paul Till ◽  
Wolfgang Zeier
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Vacancy Concentration ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid State Batteries ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Very High

<p>The sodium-ion conducting family of Na<sub>3</sub><i>Pn</i>S<sub>4</sub>, with <i>Pn</i> = P, Sb, have gained interest for the use in solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity. However, significant improvements to the conductivity have been hampered by the lack of aliovalent dopants that can introduce vacancies into the structure. Inspired by the need for vacancy introduction into Na<sub>3</sub><i>Pn</i>S<sub>4</sub>, the solid solutions with WS<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> introduction are explored. The influence of the substitution with WS<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> for PS<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> and SbS<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, respectively, is monitored using a combination of X-ray diffraction, Raman and impedance spectroscopy. With increasing vacancy concentration improvements resulting in a very high ionic conductivity of 13 ± 3 mS·cm<sup>-1</sup> for Na<sub>2.9</sub>P<sub>0.9</sub>W<sub>0.1</sub>S<sub>4</sub> and 41 ± 8 mS·cm<sup>-1</sup> for Na<sub>2.9</sub>Sb<sub>0.9</sub>W<sub>0.1</sub>S<sub>4</sub> can be observed. This work acts as a stepping-stone towards further engineering of ionic conductors using vacancy-injection via aliovalent substituents.</p>

Defect-Mediated Conductivity Enhancements in Na3-xPn1-xWxS4 (Pn = P, Sb) using Aliovalent Substitutions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till Fuchs ◽  
Sean Culver ◽  
Paul Till ◽  
Wolfgang Zeier
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Vacancy Concentration ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solid State Batteries ◽  
Ion Conducting ◽  
Very High

<p>The sodium-ion conducting family of Na<sub>3</sub><i>Pn</i>S<sub>4</sub>, with <i>Pn</i> = P, Sb, have gained interest for the use in solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity. However, significant improvements to the conductivity have been hampered by the lack of aliovalent dopants that can introduce vacancies into the structure. Inspired by the need for vacancy introduction into Na<sub>3</sub><i>Pn</i>S<sub>4</sub>, the solid solutions with WS<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> introduction are explored. The influence of the substitution with WS<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> for PS<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> and SbS<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup>, respectively, is monitored using a combination of X-ray diffraction, Raman and impedance spectroscopy. With increasing vacancy concentration improvements resulting in a very high ionic conductivity of 13 ± 3 mS·cm<sup>-1</sup> for Na<sub>2.9</sub>P<sub>0.9</sub>W<sub>0.1</sub>S<sub>4</sub> and 41 ± 8 mS·cm<sup>-1</sup> for Na<sub>2.9</sub>Sb<sub>0.9</sub>W<sub>0.1</sub>S<sub>4</sub> can be observed. This work acts as a stepping-stone towards further engineering of ionic conductors using vacancy-injection via aliovalent substituents.</p>

scholarly journals Waste and Solar Energy: An Eco-Friendly Way for Glass Melting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Isabel Padilla ◽  
Maximina Romero ◽  
José I. Robla ◽  
Aurora López-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Glass Network ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In this work, concentrated solar energy (CSE) was applied to an energy-intensive process such as the vitrification of waste with the aim of manufacturing glasses. Different types of waste were used as raw materials: a hazardous waste from the aluminum industry as aluminum source; two residues from the food industry (eggshell and mussel shell) and dolomite ore as calcium source; quartz sand was also employed as glass network former. The use of CSE allowed obtaining glasses in the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system at exposure time as short as 15 min. The raw materials, their mixtures, and the resulting glasses were characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The feasibility of combining a renewable energy, as solar energy and different waste for the manufacture of glasses, would highly contribute to circular economy and environmental sustainability.

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