scholarly journals Monitoring of Changes in Bridge Response Using Weigh-In-Motion Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 569-570 ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Daniel Cantero ◽  
Arturo González ◽  
Biswajit Basu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Damage Indicator ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Bridge Weigh In Motion

Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) and Bridge Weigh-In-Motion (B-WIM) are systems that allow obtaining the axle weights of road vehicles in motion, at normal traffic speeds. While WIM employs sensors embedded in the road pavement, B-WIM use the strain recordings of a bridge to infer the traversing vehicle axle weights. Both systems have been heavily improved over the past decades, and commercial versions are currently in operation. The two main applications of these systems are: (1) to assess the traffic loading on the infrastructure, and (2) to enforce the maximum weight limits. This paper suggests a novel application of these two systems to identify changes in bridge stiffness. It requires the bridge to be instrumented with a B-WIM system and a WIM system nearby. The principle is to use both systems to evaluate the gross weight of vehicles passing over the bridge and correlate their predictions. Changes in correlation of the predicted axle weights over time will indicate either structural damage or faulty sensor. A finite element model of a coupled vehicle-bridge system with different damage scenarios is used to test the approach numerically. Vehicle mechanical properties and speeds are randomly sampled within a Monte Carlo simulation. Results show how correlation changes as damage increases and how this correlation can be employed as a damage indicator.

Structural Nonlinear Damage Detection Method Using AR/ARCH Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (08) ◽  
pp. 1750083 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Cheng ◽  
H. Y. Guo ◽  
Y. S. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Arch Model ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Damage Indicator ◽  
Shear Building

Structural health monitoring (SHM) has received increasing attention in the research community over the past two decades. Most of the relevant research focuses on linear structural damage detection. However, the majority of the damage in civil engineering structures is nonlinear, such as fatigue cracks that open and close under dynamic loading. In this study, a new hybrid AR/ARCH model in the field of economics and a proposed damage indicator (DI) which is the second-order variance indicator (SOVI) based on the model have been used for detecting structural nonlinear damage. The data from an experimental three-storey structure and a simulated eight-storey shear building structure model have been used to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm and SOVI. In addition, a traditional linear DI: cepstral metric indicator (CMI) has also been used to diagnose the nonlinear damage. The results of the CMI and SOVI were compared and it is found that there are advantages in using the SOVI in the field of nonlinear structural damage.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study for Using Piezoelectric-Based Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) System on Public Roadway

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haocheng Xiong ◽  
Yinning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Vehicle Loading ◽  
System P ◽  
Pavement Damage

Weigh-in-Motion system has been the primary selection of U.S. government agencies as the weighing enforcement for decades to protect the road pavement. In recent years, the number of trucks has increased by about 40% and in 2017, they travel 25% more annually than in 2016. The lack of the budget has slowed down the expansion of weighing enforcement to catch up with the growing workload of vehicle weighing. Unsupervised pavement section suffers more pavement damage and increased repairing cost. In this work, a piezoelectric material based WIM system (P-WIM) is developed. Such a system consists of several piezoelectric material disks that are capable of generating characteristic voltage output from passing vehicles. The axle loading of the vehicle can be determined by analyzing the voltage generated from the P-WIM. Compared to traditional WIM system, P-WIM requires nearly zero maintenance and costs 80% less on capital investment and less labor and effort to integrate. To evaluate the feasibility of this technology to serve as weighing enforcement on public roadways, prototype P-WIMs are fabricated and installed at a weigh station. The vehicle loading information provided by the weigh station is used to determine the force transmission percentage of the installed P-WIMs, which is an important parameter to determine the vehicles’ axle loading by generated voltage.

scholarly journals Charged System Search Algorithm Utilized for Structural Damage Detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Tabrizian ◽  
Gholamreza Ghodrati Amiri ◽  
Morteza Hossein Ali Beigy
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Damage Mechanics ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Charged System Search ◽  
Charged System

This paper presents damage detection and assessment methodology based on the changes in dynamic parameters of a structural system. The method is applied at an element level using a finite element model. According to continuum damage mechanics, damage is represented by a reduction factor of the element stiffness. A recently developed metaheuristic optimization algorithm known as the charged system search (CSS) is utilized for locating and quantifying the damaged areas of the structure. In order to demonstrate the abilities of this method, three examples are included comprising of a 10-elements cantilever beam, a Bowstring plane truss, and a 39-element three-story three-bay plane frame. The possible damage types in structures by considering several damage scenarios and using incomplete modal data are modeled. Finally, results are obtained from the CSS algorithm by detecting damage in these structures and compared to the results of the PSOPC algorithm. In addition, the effect of noise is shown in the results of the CSS algorithm by suitable diagrams. As is illustrated, this method has acceptable results in the structural detection damage with low computational time.

scholarly journals A New Damage Detection Method: Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Tabrizian ◽  
Ehsan Afshari ◽  
Gholamreza Ghodrati Amiri ◽  
Morteza Hossein Ali Beigy ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Pourhoseini Nejad
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimizer ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Damage Location ◽  
Big Crunch

The present paper aims to explore damage assessment methodology based on the changes in dynamic parameters properties of vibration of a structural system. The finite-element model is used to apply at an element level. Reduction of the element stiffness is considered for structural damage. A procedure for locating and quantifying damaged areas of the structure based on the innovative Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) optimization method is developed for continuous variable optimization. For verifying the method a number of damage scenarios for simulated structures have been considered. For the purpose of damage location and severity assessment the approach is applied in three examples by using complete and incomplete modal data. The effect of noise on the accuracy of the results is investigated in some cases. A great unbraced frame with a lot of damaged element is considered to prove the ability of proposed method. More over BB-BC optimization method in damage detection is compared with particle swarm optimizer with passive congregation (PSOPC) algorithm. This work shows that BB-BC optimization method is a feasible methodology to detect damage location and severity while introducing numerous advantages compared to referred method.

Experimental investigation on multi-objective multi-type sensor optimal placement for structural damage detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 882-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Fu Lin ◽  
You-Lin Xu ◽  
Sheng Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Optimal Sensor Placement ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
The Finite Element Model

An optimal sensor placement with multiple types of sensors could provide informative data of a structure to facilitate its structural damage detection. A response covariance-based multi-objective multi-type sensor optimal placement method has been thus developed. To validate this method, an experimental investigation was designed and performed in terms of a nine-bay three-dimensional frame structure, and the experimental details and results are presented in this article. The frame structure was first built, and a finite element model of the frame structure was constructed and updated. The proposed method was then applied to the finite element model to find the optimal sensor placement configuration. The multi-type sensors were then installed on the frame structure according to the determined optimal sensor numbers and positions. Different damage scenarios were then generated on the frame structure. These damage scenarios covered single and multiple damage cases occurring at different locations with different damage severities. A series of experiments, including the optimal and non-optimal sensor placements, were finally carried out, and the measurement data were used together with the finite element model to identify damage quantitatively. The identification results show that the optimal multi-type sensor placement determined by the proposed method could provide accurate damage localization and satisfactory damage quantitation and that the optimal sensor placement yielded better damage identification than the non-optimal sensor placement.

scholarly journals A Combined Modal Correlation Criterion for Structural Damage Identification with Noisy Modal Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manolis Georgioudakis ◽  
Vagelis Plevris
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Damage Identification ◽  
Model Updating ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Modal Data ◽  
Structural Damage Identification

Structural damage identification is a scientific field that has attracted a lot of interest in the scientific community during the recent years. There have been many studies intending to find a reliable method to identify damage in structural elements both in location and extent. Most damage identification methods are based on the changes of dynamic characteristics and static responses, but the incompleteness of the test data is a great obstacle for both. In this paper, a structural damage identification method based on the finite element model updating is proposed, in order to provide the location and the extent of structural damage using incomplete modal data of a damaged structure. The structural damage identification problem is treated as an unconstrained optimization problem which is solved using the differential evolution search algorithm. The objective function used in the optimization process is based on a combination of two modal correlation criteria, providing a measure of consistency and correlation between estimations of mode shape vectors. The performance and robustness of the proposed approach are evaluated with two numerical examples: a simply supported concrete beam and a concrete frame under several damage scenarios. The obtained results exhibit high efficiency of the proposed approach for accurately identifying the location and extent of structural damage.

scholarly journals Wavelet-Based Optimum Identification of Vehicle Axles Using Bridge Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7485
Author(s):  
Hua Zhao ◽  
Chengjun Tan ◽  
Eugene J. OBrien ◽  
Nasim Uddin ◽  
Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Correlation Factor ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
The Road ◽  
Bridge Health Monitoring ◽  
Axle Detection ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Bridge Weigh In Motion ◽  
Health Monitoring Systems ◽  
On The Road

Accurate vehicle configurations (vehicle speed, number of axles, and axle spacing) are commonly required in bridge health monitoring systems and are prerequisites in bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM) systems. Using the ‘nothing on the road’ principle, this data is found using axle detecting sensors, usually strain gauges, placed at particular locations on the underside of the bridge. To improve axle detection in the measured signals, this paper proposes a wavelet transform and Shannon entropy with a correlation factor. The proposed approach is first verified by numerical simulation and is then tested in two field trials. The fidelity of the proposed approach is investigated including noise in the measurement, multiple presence, different vehicle velocities, different types of vehicle and in real traffic flow.

scholarly journals Laboratory Study of the Use of Additional Reacted and Activated Rubber (RAR) Materials on Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course (AC-WC) Mix

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Bayu Tirta Leksana Purnomo ◽  
Latif Budi Suparman ◽  
Agus Taufik Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Under Construction

<em>The development of infrastructure in Indonesia was increasing. The government focuses on boosting infrastructure development to create long-term economic growth. Therefore, a qualified infrastructure was a standard of an advanced rapidly economy. One of them is under construction was road and toll road infrastructure. As a result of the development was the occurrence of the increasing volume of vehicles on the road. Due to this resulting in an increased load reposition and also increased vehicle load on the road, it was then combined with a wet tropical climate or humid warm areas in Indonesia that have high rainfall and temperatures that can reach 38<sup>o</sup>C, resulting in structural damage such as cracks, rutting, stripping, and pothole. Performance from pavement also declined faster than the estimated plan. Roads in Indonesia mostly use the type of concrete asphalt mixture. Characteristics for concrete asphalt prioritize stability. In fact, the most important thing was the stability and durability of the road. Various ways can be done to overcome the road damage and acquire the ideal characteristics such as the use of added materials to Hot Mix Asphalt. To improve the performance of pavement characteristics, the use of added materials was expected to overcome problems that are affected by temperature, weather, increased vehicle volume, and increased traffic load. The added materials are to enhance Reacted and Activated Rubber (RAR) which was a developed crumb rubber to increase durability and keep the level of road pavement stability.</em>

scholarly journals A direct method to detect and localise damage using longitudinal data of ends-of-span rotations under live traffic loading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Ferguson ◽  
David Hester ◽  
Roger Woods
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Rotation Measurement ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Direct Rotation ◽  
Bridge Weigh In Motion

AbstractExisting work on rotation-based bridge monitoring has focused on indirect methods, such as bridge weigh-in-motion or influence line approaches. However, these approaches require increased instrumentation complexity, and require calibration, necessitating bridge closures. In this paper, we explore the potential of using rotation measurements to create a more practical and cost-effective monitoring system. To this end, we present a damage detection method which directly analyses bridge rotation data measured under live, free-flow traffic loading. We show how the Earth Mover’s Distance, typically used in statistics and image processing, can be applied directly on end-of-span rotation measurement data to achieve effective damage detection and localisation. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the approach’s robustness to the confounding effects of temperature variation and traffic diversity (vehicle type, loading, and velocity). The direct rotation measurement approach is applied to data from an in-service short-span bridge to demonstrate the technique’s capability with free-flow traffic loading.

Effects of side slope on low-volume road pavement performance: a full-scale assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Korkiala-Tanttu ◽  
Andrew Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Element Model ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Geometric Factor ◽  
The Road ◽  
Side Slope ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Stability Method ◽  
Low Volume

The study concerns the full-scale testing of some low-volume road pavements using the heavy vehicle simulator (HVS) Nordic. The road structures were built with different angle side slopes and then trafficked to determine their performance. Performance was assessed in terms of rutting development and in terms of a geotechnical wedge stability method. A geometric factor has been introduced to describe the effect of side slope on the rate of rutting development. The geometric factor describes an average, structurally independent increase in the rate of rutting, which depends on the steepness of slope and on the distance to the edge of the construction but not on the load. To achieve the analysis, a finite element model of the road structures was established using appropriate resilient moduli values. These values were obtained after a comparison of values obtained from in situ measurements, back-calculated from in situ loading tests and laboratory tests, which differed appreciably.

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