scholarly journals Solution Heat Treatment, Forming and In-Die Quenching of a Commercial Sheet Magnesium Alloy into a Complex-Shaped Component: Experimentation and FE Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 596-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer El Fakir ◽  
S. Das ◽  
I. Stone ◽  
G. Scamans ◽  
Z. Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Die Quenching ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Set Up

Interest in lightweight materials, particularly magnesium alloys, has increased significantly with rising efficiency requirements in the automotive sector. Magnesium is the lightest available structural metal, with a density approximately 35% lower than that of aluminium. The potential is great for magnesium to become a primary material used in future low carbon vehicle structures; however, there are significant obstacles, namely low ductility and formability, particularly at room temperature. The aim of this work is to present the feasibility of using the solution Heat treatment, Forming, and in-die Quenching (HFQ) process to produce complex shapes from a sheet magnesium alloy, and to use the results to verify a simulation of the process developed using commercial FE software. Uniaxial tensile tests were initially conducted to establish the optimum parameters for forming the part. Stamping trials were then carried out using these parameters, and a simulation set up modelling the forming operation. It was shown that the HFQ process could be used to form a successful component from this alloy, and that a good match was achieved between the results of the forming experiments and the simulation.

Microstructural Effect and Material Homogenization of Thermal-Hydroforming Magnesium Alloy Tubes

2011 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Luen Chow Chan ◽  
Ting Fai Kong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Heat Treatment Condition ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Engineering Strain ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Metal Forming Process ◽  
Microstructural Effect

The microstrctural evolution pre and post heat treatment is critical to achieve a successful product for metal forming process. This paper aims to investigate the microstructual effect of the magnesium alloy tubes undergone various heat treatment conditions to achieve material homogenization. The heat treatment conditions under various periods of time (1, 2, 6, 12 and 30 hours) at 400 °C were employed to investigate the microstructural effect on hydroforming magnesium tubes. The greatly reduced impurity embedded in grain boundaries and more uniform grain sizes do indicate the improvement of material strength and ductility. To validate the conclusion, corresponding tensile tests at the different temperatures (20 °C and 200 °C) were carried out. The increased engineering strain in two directions (hoop and longitudinal) implies that the microstructural evolution is unquestionably useful to enhance the ductility of the magnesium tubes. Subsequently, the tubes after optimal heat treatment condition at 400 °C for 6 hours were used to further carry out the thermal hydroforming process for validation. The defect-free hydroformed tubes were produced under the same working condition, which is unable to be achieved for tubes without the heat-treatment process.

Yield Characteristics of a Twill Dutch Woven Wire Mesh Via Experiments and Numerical Modeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Kraft ◽  
Ali P. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
3D Numerical Modeling ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Woven Structures

Woven structures are steadily emerging as excellent reinforcing components in composite materials. Metallic woven meshes, unlike most woven fabrics, show high potential for strengthening via classical methods such as heat treatment. Development of strengthening processes for metallic woven materials, however, must account not only for behavior of the constituent wires, but also for the interactions between contacting wires. Yield behavior of a 325 × 2300 stainless steel 316L (SS316L) twill dutch woven wire mesh is analyzed via experimental data and 3D numerical modeling. The effects of short dwell-time heat treatment on the mechanical properties of this class of materials is investigated via uniaxial tensile tests in the main weave orientations. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to investigate the effects of heat treatment on contacting wire interaction, prompted by observations of reduced ductility in the macrostructure of the mesh. Finally, the finite element method (FEM) is used to simulate the accumulation of plastic deformation in the mesostructure of the mesh, investigating how this wire level plasticity ultimately affects global material yielding.

Precipitate and Age Hardening Response of As-Cast Mg-8Yb-0.5Zr Magnesium Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 399-401 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Wen Bin Yu ◽  
Zhi Qian Chen ◽  
Mang Zhang ◽  
Zhou Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Maximum Hardness

The precipitation hardening response of as-cast Mg-8Yb-0.5Zr magnesium alloy was investigated in the present work. The microstructure evolution of the alloy illustrated that Mg2Yb intermetallic phase was dissolved by solution heat treatment at 520°C for 12 hours. An apparent precipitation hardening response in Mg-8Yb-0.5Zr was discovered after artificial aging at 150°C, with maximum hardness increment of about 80 percent at the peak condition. It was found that the precipitates of the alloy were in the shape of two conjoined cosh and globe about 50 nm, and precipitated preferentially on grain boundaries and dislocations.

scholarly journals Numerical study of the solution heat treatment, forming, and in-die quenching (HFQ) process on AA5754

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer El Fakir ◽  
Liliang Wang ◽  
Daniel Balint ◽  
John P. Dear ◽  
Jianguo Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Die Quenching

Hydraulic Bulge Tests of Magnesium Tubes at Elevated Temperatures

2009 ◽  
Vol 83-86 ◽  
pp. 1135-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeong-Maw Hwang ◽  
H.C. Chuang ◽  
B.J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tube Hydroforming ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Biaxial Stress ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Hydraulic Bulge ◽  
Different Temperatures

Evaluation of the formability of tubes is an important issue in tube hydroforming processes. Since tubular materials during tube hydroforming are under a biaxial even triaxial stress state, other biaxial-stress-based testing methods are needed. In this paper, uniaxial tensile tests at different temperatures are firstly employed to evaluate the material properties of magnesium alloy AZ61 tubes. A hydraulic bulge warm forming machine, which is used for hydraulic bulge tests with a fixed tube length, is also designed and manufactured. Using this self-designed testing machine, experiments of bulge tests of magnesium alloy AZ61 tubes at elevated temperatures are carried out. From the experimental results, the bulge formability of the magnesium alloy tubes at different temperatures is discussed.

Investigation of the joinability of the high-strength aluminum alloy AA7075 in shear-clinching processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110679
Author(s):  
S Wiesenmayer ◽  
M Merklein
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
High Strength Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Strength Alloy ◽  
Heating Up

Shear-clinching has proven to be a suitable technology for joining of high-strength materials. However, the mechanical properties of the upper joining partner are limited due to the high strains, which occur during the process. Therefore, shear-clinching of the high-strength aluminum alloy AA7075 in the T6 temper is not possible. Yet, the mechanical properties of hardenable alloys of the 7000 series can be influenced by a heat treatment. Thus, within the scope of this work, the joinability of the high-strength alloy AA7075 in shear-clinching processes in dependance of its temper is investigated. The as fabricated state F, the artificially aged T6 temper, a paint baked state and the naturally aged T4 temper are compared to the fully solution annealed W temper as well as to a retrogression heat-treated state. For retrogression heat treatment, a laser is used as heat source, heating up the alloy for a short term in order to only partially dissolve precipitations. The resulting mechanical properties are determined with uniaxial tensile tests. Moreover, the influence of the mechanical properties of AA7075 on the shear-clinching process, the joint formation and the resulting joint strength is analyzed.

The Effect of Solution Heat Treatment and Natural Ageing on the Yield Characteristics of a 2024-O Aluminium Alloy

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. J. Ashbridge ◽  
A. G. Leacock ◽  
K. R. Gilmour ◽  
M. F. O’Donnell ◽  
D. McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biaxial Tension ◽  
Yield Criterion ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Age Hardening

Abstract Recent advances in computational technology have allowed engineers to conduct previously impractical analyses, particularly with the development of the Finite Element Method (FEM). In turn, this has led the sheet metal forming industry into an economy drive, with an increasing necessity for ‘first time’ forming operations and reduced scrap rates. The successful prediction of large-scale plastic deformation in a sheet component relies on the accuracy of the material model used, especially when anisotropic materials are considered. Some stretch formed or deep drawn forms are geometrically complex and may require several draws with inter-stage anneals and/or solution heat treatments to achieve full form, and the varying material properties create significant difficulties in the modelling of these forming processes. Current orthotropic yield criteria do not allow for any sense of time dependency and although the atomic effects of solution heat treatment and precipitation hardening are well understood, the macroscopic effects of deformation behaviour are not. A test program was developed to investigate the effects of an increasing age hardening time on an aerospace Alclad 2024-O material after a solution heat treatment. With access to industrial heat treatment equipment, extensive tensile tests were conducted at varying age hardening times and a test rig was manufactured to obtain balanced biaxial tension data. Through the subsequent analysis, a method of predicting the data needed to generate a materials model suitable for FEA was developed, based on a modified version of Hill’s 1990 non-quadratic yield criterion. This was used to generate yield loci for the various age hardening times and compared with the loci generated with the predicted loci. Evaluation of the accuracy of the new criterion, and hence the predictive method, was achieved through its implementation in a finite element code used to model a punch-stretch test. Modelled surface strains were then compared with those measured strains determined during an empirical validation test programme. With the knowledge that the analysis came from data predicted from a minimum of empirical tests, the predicted results were found to be in good agreement with the experimental values.

scholarly journals A novel technique for the assessment of mechanical properties of vascular tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1585-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan N. Sanders ◽  
Richard G. P. Lopata ◽  
Lambert C. A. van Breemen ◽  
Frans N. van de Vosse ◽  
Marcel C. M. Rutten
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Plaque Rupture ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Inflation Experiment ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Accurate estimation of mechanical properties of the different atherosclerotic plaque constituents is important in assessing plaque rupture risk. The aim of this study was to develop an experimental set-up to assess material properties of vascular tissue, while applying physiological loading and being able to capture heterogeneity. To do so, a ring-inflation experimental set-up was developed in which a transverse slice of an artery was loaded in the radial direction, while the displacement was estimated from images recorded by a high-speed video camera. The performance of the set-up was evaluated using seven rubber samples and validated with uniaxial tensile tests. For four healthy porcine carotid arteries, material properties were estimated using ultrasound strain imaging in whole-vessel-inflation experiments and compared to the properties estimated with the ring-inflation experiment. A 1D axisymmetric finite element model was used to estimate the material parameters from the measured pressures and diameters, using a neo-Hookean and Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden material model for the rubber and porcine samples, respectively. Reproducible results were obtained with the ring-inflation experiment for both rubber and porcine samples. Similar mean stiffness values were found in the ring-inflation and tensile tests for the rubber samples as 202 kPa and 206 kPa, respectively. Comparable results were obtained in vessel-inflation experiments using ultrasound and the proposed ring-inflation experiment. This inflation set-up is suitable for the assessment of material properties of healthy vascular tissue in vitro. It could also be used as part of a method for the assessment of heterogeneous material properties, such as in atherosclerotic plaques.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document