Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructural Evolution of 13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Yu Ma ◽  
Yin Sheng He ◽  
Kwon Yeong Lee ◽  
Kee Sam Shin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Tempering Treatment ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Optimum Heat Treatment

13Cr martensitic stainless steels are widely used in gas industry, which are usually manufactured by quenching-tempering treatment. Microstructural study of 13Cr steel through various heat treatments was carried out for determining the optimum parameters for industry manufacture. After quenching treatment at 975 °C for 20 min, precipitation-free martensitic structures were formed. During tempering, recovery of martensite through grain boundaries migration and dislocations annihilation was found to soften the steel. In addition, transformation of needle-like Cr7C3 carbides to the irregular shaped Cr23C6 carbides was observed when tempering temperature is above 710 °C. The phase transformation induced precipitation strengthening is discussed. The optimum heat treatment parameters of 13Cr steel for avoiding over tempering and the precipitation hardening are found.

The Effects of Quenching and Tempering Treatment on the Hardness and Microstructures of a Cold Work Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-294
Author(s):  
László Tóth ◽  
Réka Fábián
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Chromium Steel ◽  
Primary Carbide ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Tempering Treatment ◽  
Primary Carbides

The X153CrMoV12 ledeburitic chromium steel characteristically has high abrasive wear resistance, due to their high carbon and high chromium contents with a large volume of carbides in the microstructure. This steel quality has high compression strength, excellent deep hardenability and toughness properties, dimensional stability during heat treatment, high resistance to softening at elevated temperatures. The higher hardness of cryogenic treated samples in comparison with conventional quenched samples mean lower quantity of retained austenite as at samples quenched to room temperature and tempered in similar condition. In the microstructure of samples were observed that the primary carbide did not dissolve at 1070°C and their net structure have not been changed during to heat treatment. During to tempering at high temperature the primary carbides have become more and more rounded. After low tempering temperature in martensite were observed some small rounded carbides also, increasing the tempering temperature the quantity of finely dispersed carbides increased, which result higher hardness. The important issues in heat treatment of this steels are the reduction or elimination of retained austenite due to cryogenic treatment.

Optimum heat treatment conditions for PAN-based oxidized electrospun nonwovens

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Iuan Su ◽  
Zong-Ying Jiang ◽  
Ching-Hsiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Optimum Heat Treatment

Casting and Heat Treatment of Turbocharger Impellers Thixocast from Alloy 201

2012 ◽  
Vol 192-193 ◽  
pp. 556-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Stephen Midson ◽  
Chang Wei Ming ◽  
Helen V. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treatment Condition ◽  
Hot Tearing ◽  
Alloy Casting ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Optimum Heat Treatment

Commercial semi-solid cast impellers are produced from Al-Si-Cu alloys heat treated to the T6 temper. The study described in this paper involved the identification of casting and heat treatment parameters to produce semi-solid processed turbocharger impellers from a silicon-free, higher strength 201 alloy. Casting parameters were identified which minimized hot tearing in the alloy 201 impellers. A series of heat treatment studies were performed to determine optimum heat treatment parameters. The T71 temper was identified as the preferred heat treatment condition to produce high strength as well as superior elongation. The results from mechanical property measurements conducted on the T71 heat treated impellers are reported. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also used to characterize the microstructure of alloy 201 impellers before and after heat treatment, and representative microstructures are presented.

scholarly journals Optimum heat treatment to enhance the weak-linkresponse of Y123 nanowires prepared by SolutionBlow Spinning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Caffer ◽  
Davi Chaves ◽  
Alexsander Lourenço Pessoa ◽  
Claudio Luiz Carvalho ◽  
Wilson Aires Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Optimum Heat Treatment

CRUCIBLE 17Cr-4Ni SUPER-X

Alloy Digest ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Specialty Metals

Abstract CRUCIBLE 17Cr-4Ni SUPER-X is a precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel which develops high strength and hardness after relatively simple heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-521. Producer or source: Crucible Specialty Metals Division, Colt Industries.

Failure Analysis and Study on Heat Treatment Process of Grate Bars Used in Sintering Trolley

2014 ◽  
Vol 1061-1062 ◽  
pp. 454-459
Author(s):  
An Min Li ◽  
Ding Ma ◽  
Qi Feng Zheng ◽  
Ruo Huai Chen ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Residual Austenite ◽  
Shrinkage Porosity ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Fracture Characteristics ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Optimum Heat Treatment

The as-cast grate bar structure used in sintering trolley is primarily comprised of austenite and eutectic (eutectic austenite and eutectic carbide).The austenite is dendrite, while the carbides are reticular and chrysanthemum-like. The failed grate bar structure primarily consists of ferrite, carbide, martensite and residual austenite; cavity shrinkage and shrinkage porosity exist in the structure, and the fracture exhibits typical cleavage fracture characteristics. The primary means of failure are abrasion and fracture. The secondary carbides precipitated in the sample (quenching (1050°C+2.5h)+ tempering (390°C+2.5h)) and the other one (quenching (1050°C+2.5h)+ tempering (420°C+2.5h) ) are dispersed and refined. Compared with the as-cast one, their relative abrasion resistance performances respectively are 0.8645 and 0.8752.The values of hardness and impact toughness of the samples heat-treated are greater than those of the as-cast grate bar. The optimum heat treatment process is as follows: quenching (1050°C,2.5h) + tempering (390°C~420°C,2.5h)

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatments on Microstructural Evolution and Tensile Properties of 15Cr12MoVWN Ferritic/Martensitic Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Tingwei Ma ◽  
Xianchao Hao ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Martensitic Steel ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Lath Width ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Martensitic Lath ◽  
Optimum Heat Treatment

In this study, the phase transformation temperature of 15Cr12MoVWN ferritic/martensitic steel was determined by differential scanning calorimetry to provide a theoretical basis for the design of a heat treatment process. An orthogonal design experiment was performed to investigate the relationship between microstructure and heat treatment parameters, i.e., normalizing temperature, cooling method and tempering temperature by evaluating the room-temperature and elevated-temperature tensile properties, and the optimum heat treatment parameters were determined. It is shown that the optimized heat treatment process was composed of normalizing at 1050 °C followed by air cooling to room temperature and tempering at 700 °C. Under the optimum heat treatment condition, the room-temperature tensile properties were 1014 MPa (UTS), 810.5 MPa (YS) and 18.8% (elongation), while the values are 577.5 MPa (UTS), 469 MPa (YS) and 39.8% (elongation) tested at 550 °C. The microstructural examination shows that the strengthening contributions from microstructural factors were the martensitic lath width, dislocations, M23C6, MX and grain boundaries of prior austenite grain (PAG) in a descending order. The main factors influencing the tensile strength of 15Cr12MoVWN steel were the martensitic lath width and dislocations.

Optimum Heat Treatment of Extrusion Die Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyad Zahid Qamar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Extrusion Dies ◽  
Extrusion Die ◽  
Die Set ◽  
Optimum Heat

Commercial hot extrusion is a billet-by-billet cyclic process, with high thermal and mechanical stresses generated in the die set. The die is a costly piece of equipment, and its long service life is essential for profitable operation. Extrusion dies primarily fail by fracture, wear, and plastic deformation. To avoid early failure, it is essential to have an optimum combination of toughness and hardness in the die. This combination can be achieved through a judicious mix of heat treatment and surface hardening. Experiments were conducted to determine mechanical properties of H13 steel after various heat treatment sequences. Heat treatment strategy is described in detail, and effect of different tempering temperatures on fracture toughness and hardness of the tool steel is reported. Changes in mechanical properties are also related to the variation in microstructure. For use in commercial hot extrusion dies, optimum tempering temperature for H13 steel was found to be near 525-600oC, for the best combination of toughness and hardness.

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