Plastic Packaging Material Value Conservation and Evident of the Consumers’ Acceptance

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel ◽  
Dadang Isnandar ◽  
Andreanos Jeremia
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Plastic Pellets

Virgin plastic pellets are widely used as raw materials in flexible plastic packaging which generate abundant postconsumer plastic waste. The widespread use of recycled plastic pellets as raw materials will reduce plastic waste generation significantly. However, substitution of virgin materials need high quality of recycled plastic pellets which produced from good quality of plastic waste. Design for material value conservation in this case study was a trial implementation of design principles of plastic bag in order to minimize its value degradation of plastic waste, and therefore increase its acceptance by plastic recycling industries. A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Lisrel 8.8 software used as tool of analysis in evaluating consumer acceptance of the two types of design paradigm, current design and material value conservation based design. The results indicated that consumers accepted both type of packaging. With final standard factor loading, the proposed design indicated slightly better correlation coefficients: 0.46 for Ease of Information Delivery and 0.74 for Informational Content variables, better than current design with 0.44 and 0.73 coefficients. Widespread implementation of design for material value conservation will save virgin plastic consumption for plastic packaging production, reduce plastic waste generation as well as support material resource conservation in a better condition of environment. The social and economic benefit will also be obtained as multiplier effect of material value conservation.

Impact of Plastic Labelling, Coloring and Printing on Material Value Conservation in the Products of Secondary Recycling

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel ◽  
Jimmy Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Printing Ink ◽  
Plastic Pellets

Flexible plastic packaging which rejected or with low acceptance as raw materials for secondary recycling need relevant evidence and explanation of its cause, and then, need a systemic solution on how to increase the acceptance level. Coloring and printing on flexible plastic packaging were predicted as the significant source of impurity that reduces the value of plastic material at the end of packaging life cycle. Otherwise, optimum use of label or sticker as printing media for informational and promotional purpose on the packaging proposed as a key solution in material value conservation. The existing practices which focused on how to manage abundant plastic waste generation, replaced by a new paradigm which focused on how avoid waste generation by conserving the material value systematically. This research revealed that flexible plastic packaging materials with no color pigment and no printing ink were suitable for secondary recycling to produce high quality of recycled plastic pellets and leverage the selling price. Therefore, labelling on the surface of packaging that protect purity of the material can be considered as one of methods in the implementation of material value conservation on flexible plastic packaging. Another benefits of the implementation of material value conservation are to improve the utilization of virgin plastic and its recycled plastic pellets as raw materials with better quality.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Commercial Recycled Polypropylene from Plastic Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Utami Handayani ◽  
Muhamad Fahrudin ◽  
Wiji Mangestiyono ◽  
Alaya Fadlu Hadi Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Stress ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Pellets

In Indonesia increasing the use of plastic will increase plastic waste because waste management in Indonesia is still poor. Plastics can be recycled and used to make plastic bags, toys and various household utensils, but their use is still very limited. This limitation is because the strength of recycled plastic is not as good as virgin plastic pellets, so the resulting product tends to be brittle. This study aims to determine the mechanical properties of plastics made from recycled polypropylene plastic. Five specimens are made according to the ASTM D 638 type II standard. The results show that yield strength is 16.357±2.65 MPa, elastic modulus 295,926 ± 41,97 MPa and ultimate tensile stress 19,701±1,261 MPa. The yield stress of recycled polypropylene has a lower value than the yield stress on recycled polypropylene studied by Abdelhaleem et.al or Barbosa et.al which is around 21 MPa[7][5]. This difference is possible due to the different quality of raw materials and processing.

Repetitive Implementation of Material Value Conservation and its Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Plastic Recycling Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Rahmat Nurcahyo ◽  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel ◽  
Wakhid L. Ikhsan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
Contaminated Waste ◽  
American Society ◽  
Plastic Pellets

Impurity and contaminated waste of flexible plastic packaging will not be viable as raw materials for secondary recycling. This problem could be avoided by repetitive implementation of material value conservation through material purity protection since the product design activities up to the end of packaging life cycle. This paradigm also creates new sequential life cycles of products rather than once when only virgin materials were used as raw materials. With repetitive implementation of material value conservation and serial testing in a polymer laboratory, a type of virgin plastic pellet recycled up to the 8th stage of secondary recycling, and then the mechanical properties of materials tested according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. This research revealed that flexible plastic packaging materials that managed by Material Value Conservation (MVC) implementations were suitable for secondary recycling in producing the viable quality of recycled plastic pellets in mechanical properties measures, and leverage the potential of virgin plastic pellets utilization. Because of MVC implementations protected the purity of materials intensively, and then increased the value of recycled plastic pellets as raw materials for the new life cycle of plastic products.

scholarly journals Bali Bebas Sampah Plastik (menuju “Clean and Green Island”)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Ekapria Dharana Kubontubuh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Green Island

Waste becomes an environmental problem in Bali and requires attention immediately. Plastic waste is the second largest component in waste generation in Bali, which very harmful to health and threatens Bali tourism. Plastic waste production in Bali reaches 268 tons every day and only 29.4% of plastic waste is disposed of to landfills. While 44.5% of plastic waste is not processed so that pollutes the environment especially the river and the sea. The Bali Provincial Government realize the dangers of plastic waste and tried to limit generations by issuing regulations that limit the generation of plastic waste. Due to the regulation, it is expected to reduce the generation of plastic waste up to 60-70% so that it can improve environmental quality and have a positive impact on the quality of life and public health as well as Bali tourism. One important point is that being free from plastic will lead Bali into a clean and green island. 

Optical Properties Improvement of Recycled Polypropylene with Material Value Conservation Schemes Using Virgin Plastic Blends

2021 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 199-205
Author(s):  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel ◽  
Husen Nasrullah
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
New Products ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Astm Method ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Recycled Plastics ◽  
American Society ◽  
Plastic Pellets

Repetitive implementation of material value conservation (MVC) in plastic packaging may lead to good quality plastic waste and high acceptance for secondary recycling. This makes the obtained recycled plastic pellets has good quality and can be used as an alternative raw material for new products. However, treatments and processing in the recycling processes can lead to the degradation of material properties and disrupt the recycled plastics life cycle to be used for new products with high specifications. Recycled plastics are certainly cheaper than virgin plastics, but they have low properties, contaminated, and are only used for low-value products. Therefore, a solution is needed for this problem. This study proposed mixing recycled and virgin plastic pellets to improve recycled plastics whose optical properties have been subjected to quality degradation. A series of tests were carried out on specimens and tested according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) method. The optical properties tested were transparency, gloss, and colour. This study revealed that optical properties had an increasing trend along with the large number of virgin plastic pellets added to the blends. The optimal composition was found in the 50:50 composition of virgin-recycled plastic pellets to the 70:30 composition of virgin-recycled plastic pellets. These findings can be useful in improving the optical properties of recycled plastics. In addition, the widespread implementation of MVC can improve the quality of plastic waste and strengthen its acceptance for secondary recycling.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Plastic Waste Handling in Semarang City - Indonesia: Estimated Generation and Existing Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 07008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andarani Pertiwi ◽  
S.M. Puspandiyah Kiky ◽  
Budiawan Wiwik ◽  
Purwaningsib Ratna ◽  
P. Samadikun Budi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Sound Management

An environmentally sound management of plastic waste in Semarang City is necessary due to increasing plastic waste generation; limited capacity of Jatibarang Final Disposal; dangers of open burning of plastic waste; pollution of water resources both surface water and sea water; and limited amount of raw materials for the manufacture of plastic resin. This study aims to present the assessment of plastic waste management from collection to final disposal as well as its estimated generation. A field study was conducted to identify the material flow of plastic waste, particularly PET bottles. To estimate the potential generation of plastic waste, a top-down approach was used. The volume of plastic waste in Semarang reached 16.28% of the total municipal waste, in which the highest part of inorganic waste. The total estimated plastic waste generation in Semarang City, particularly from households, was 1012.486 m3/day. There is an urgent need for improving the plastic management in Semarang due to existing low recycling rate.

Material Value Conservation: Development of Design Criteria for Rigid Plastic Packaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel ◽  
Muhammad Habiburrahman ◽  
Palito J. Endthen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Printing Ink

Inappropriate plastic packaging design with excessive use of color and printing ink affected to the high cost of sorting, separation and cleaning, and low acceptance level of plastic waste for secondary recycling. This research proposed design for material value conservation which elaborated with a set of design criteria for rigid plastic packaging production as key solution in avoiding value degradation of the plastic waste. The existing design criteria of products have various approach which affected on how to manage abundant plastic waste with no or very low value of materials that has been generated by daily consumption of plastic packaging. Otherwise, the proposed design criteria conserve the material value systematically which make the post use materials of plastic packaging more financially feasible as raw materials in plastic recycling industry. Widespread implementation of the new design criteria in industry will generate broader impact and more benefits in economic, social and environment, especially for countries or regions with high density of people and high consumption rate of conserved products.

Effect of Repetitive Recycling on the Optical Properties of Polypropylene Based on Material Value Conservation Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 1032 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fachrizal ◽  
Tiara Verita Yastica ◽  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
American Society ◽  
Plastic Pellets

Good quality of plastic packaging waste has the potential to be recycled, as it can be used as raw material for the next packaging products. Recycling is preeminent due to the grave necessity of decreasing plastic production rate, especially for packaging industries which are known to use more plastic compared to other sectors. Material value conservation is a new paradigm which can be implemented through a new category of design for recycling in order to avoid value degradation. Implementations of this paradigm has produced better quality processed plastic waste with higher selling price. Applied with this paradigm, recycled plastic pellets can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its mechanical properties, even after the 8th stage of recycling. This study aims to reveal the effect of repetitive recycling on the optical properties of polypropylene with implementation of material value conservation paradigm, to strengthen previous evidence of the implementation of the material value conservation paradigm on plastic packaging whether repetitive recycling plastic packaging can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its optical properties. Optical properties observed in this research were based on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards, which are consisted of colour (ASTM D2244), gloss (ASTM D2457) and transparency (ASTM D1746). The result of this study indicated that even after the 8th stage of recycling, plastic pellet of polypropylene still can be a viable alternative as raw material based on its optical properties, with more attention on transparency property.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Plastic Waste: Removal of Colorants from HDPE Using Biosolvents

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Ana M. Ferreira ◽  
Isa Sucena ◽  
Vanessa Otero ◽  
Eva Mariasole Angelin ◽  
Maria João Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plastic Matrix ◽  
Recycled Material

Plastics recycling remains a challenge due to the relatively low quality of the recycled material, since most of the developed recycling processes cannot deal with the additives present in the plastic matrix, so the recycled products end up in lower-grade applications. The application of volatile organic solvents for additives removal is the preferred choice. In this study, pretreatment of plastic packaging waste to remove additives using biosolvents was investigated. The plastic waste used was high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with blue and orange colorants (pigment and/or dye). The first step was to identify the type of colorants present in the HDPE, and we found that both plastics presented only one colorant that was actually a pigment. Then, limonene, a renewable solvent, was used to solubilize HDPE. After HDPE dissolution, a wide range of alcohols (mono-, di-, and tri-alcohols) was evaluated as antisolvents in order to selectively precipitate the polymer and maximize its purity. The use of limonene as solvent for plastic dissolution, in combination with poly-alcohols with an intermediate alkyl chain length and a large number of hydroxyl (OH) groups, was found to work best as an antisolvent (1,2,3-propanetriol and 1,2,4-butanetriol), leading to a removal of up to 94% and 100% of the blue and orange pigments, respectively. Finally, three cycles of extraction were carried out, proving the capability of the solvent and antisolvent to be recovered and reused, ensuring the economic viability and sustainability of the process. This pretreatment provides a secondary source of raw materials and revenue for the recycling process, which may lead to an increase in the quality of recycled polymers, contributing to the development of an economical and sustainable recycling process.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Efficiency from Industry of Plastic Waste Recycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 06015
Author(s):  
Vita Rosmiati ◽  
Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Pellets

The high use of plastic products is currently causing uncontrolled accumulation of plastic waste so that an effort is needed to minimize the negative impacts caused to the environment. One of the appropriate efforts in processing plastic waste is recycling to produce a variety of useful products. Each stage of the process in managing plastic waste recycling starts from collecting raw materials to producing a new product for consumers requiring energy that can be calculated and analyzed for their impact on the environment using the LCA method. From this study can be concluded that the plastic recycling industry as one of the efforts in reducing the generation of plastic waste to the environment consists of 3 (three) main stages, namely the stages of enumeration, the distribution of raw materials and the stages of production of plastic pellets. The environmental burden analyzed includes the production process of recycling plastic waste to produce an output in the form of 1 ton of plastic where the total GHG emissions generated are 2.36E + 03 kg CO2 eq, with details of the potential contribution to global warming of 1.30E + 02 kg CO2 eq at the stage enumeration, 3.52E + 01 kg CO2 eq at the distribution stage and 2.15E + 00 kg CO2 eq at the plastic pellets production stage. The efficiency of plastic seed products in this study showed a good result, where the NEV and NER values of the recycled plastic pellets products were 39664.1 MJ and 2.11 MJ.

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