Theoretical Substantiation of the Foam Concrete Strength Formation Laws

2020 ◽  
Vol 1011 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Lyubov Morgun ◽  
Vladimir Morgun ◽  
Alla Bogatina ◽  
Aleksei Revyakin

A detailed theoretical analysis of the processes occurring in foam concrete mixtures in the period between their laying in the mold and the phase transition “from viscous to solid” completion moment. The stages of the formation of inter-pore septa in foam concrete mixtures, depending on the material nature and shape of the solid dispersed particles of raw materials, are sequentially considered. It is shown that their shape affects the mass transfer rate and the density of inter-pore septa during the structure formation. The reasons for the fluctuations in the elasticity of foam films during the predominance period of viscous bonds between the components of the raw material are described. The gas inclusions factors of influence on the dispersion parameters and, as a consequence, the aggregative stability of foam mixtures, are ranked. The positive dispersed reinforcement effect on the mass transfer processes in mixtures and the hardened concrete strength is substantiated.

Author(s):  
А.В. АКУЛИЧ ◽  
Л.А. ГОСТИНЩИКОВА

Исследованы закономерности внешнего массообмена при сушке ягодного сырья для различных способов энергоподвода. Установлено, что ягоды при сушке подвержены значительной объемной (72–81%) и линейной (35–43%) усадке, которую необходимо учитывать при расчете коэффициентов массоотдачи. Объекты исследования – ягоды черники, красной и черной смородины. Проведены экспериментальные исследования по сушке ягодного сырья при конвективном и конвективном с ИК-излучением способах энергоподвода. Исследования проведены при скорости сушильного агента хса1,2 м/с и температуре tса 70°С. Получены критериальные уравнения внешнего массоообмена при сушке ягод для периода постоянной скорости, учитывающие объемную усадку. Определено, что при сушке с конвективным энергоподводом объемная усадка при одном и том же значении критерия Рейнольдса оказывает на 12–20% большее влияние на интенсивность массоообмена для красной смородины по сравнению с черникой и черной смородиной. При сушке с конвективным энергоподводом, ИК-излучением и предварительным прокалыванием объемная усадка наиболее существенно влияет на массообмен для черной смородины, протекающий в 1,5–1,8 раза интенсивнее по сравнению с черникой и красной смородиной. Полученные критериальные уравнения могут быть использованы при расчете и проектировании установок для сушки ягодного сырья. The laws of external mass transfer during drying of berry raw materials for various methods of energy supply are investigated. It is established that the berries during drying are subject to significant volumetric (72–81%) and surface (35–43%) shrinkage, which must be taken into account when calculating the mass transfer coefficients. The objects of the study were various berries: blueberries, red and black currants. Experimental studies have been carried out on the drying of selected berries both in the case of convective and convective methods with IR radiation. Investigations were carried out at a drying agent velocity хса1,2 m/s and its temperature tca70°С. The criterion equations of external mass transfer during drying of berries for a period of constant speed, taking into account the volume shrinkage, are obtained. It was determined that during drying with convective energy supply, volume shrinkage with the same value of the Reynolds criterion on 12–20% has a greater effect on the mass transfer rate for red currants. When drying with convective energy supply, IR radiation and preliminary piercing, the volume shrinkage most significantly affects the mass transfer for black currants, which is 1,5–1,8 times more intense than blueberries and red currants. The obtained criterial equations can be used in the calculation and design of berries dryers.


2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 573-577
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Morgun ◽  
Lyubov V. Morgun

The scientifically grounded and experimentally confirmed features of formation of stable foam concrete mixes in time are considered. It is shown that the formation of such gas-filled structures is possible only with water content, the value of which is sufficient for wetting the surface of all solid dispersed particles of raw materials, the formation of foam films and the processes of adsorption and chemical hydration of binder particles. It is proved that taking into account the value of the aeration potential of the foaming agent, it is possible to obtain stable foam concrete mixtures of a given density


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Zhanna Petrova ◽  
◽  
Kateryna Samoilenko ◽  
Vitaly Vishnevsky

Red beetroot is the main raw material which has a high content of betanine with antioxidant properties. An important emphasis in the processing of antioxidant raw materials by drying is to reduce energy consumption for the dehydration process, the maximum preservation of biologically active substances, and to reduce the cost of the final product. Drying is a complex and energy-intensive process. Therefore, to optimize energy consumption during drying and selection of rational modes of dehydration, it is necessary to apply the calculated analysis of heat and mass transfer on the basis of adequate mathematical models. Calculated and experimental results are compared. In general, the comparison of the results of numerical modeling of convection drying processes of the red beetroot sample with the experimental results showed their rather satisfactory qualitative agreement. The calculation model can be used to approximate the characteristics of the drying process of red beetroot, in particular the time required for drying. The obtained results of calorimetric studies allow stating that with correctly selected compositions, not only the components of native raw materials are stabilized, but also the drying process is intensified with the reduction of energy consumption to process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1043 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Tolya Khezhev ◽  
Aslan Kardanov ◽  
Eldar Bolotokov ◽  
Azamat Dottuyev ◽  
Ibrahim Mashfezh

The results of the studies on the creation of self-compacting fine-grained fiber-reinforced concrete based on run-of-crusher stone with the use of a polyfunctional additive D-5 are presented. Compositions of self-compacting fine-grained fiber-reinforced concrete with the use of basalt fiber have been developed, which significantly reduce cement consumption and improve the characteristics of fine-grained concrete mixture and concrete. Using a polyfunctional additive D-5in mixtures makes it possible to increase the strength properties of fine-grained fiber-reinforced concrete while improving the concrete mixtures’ rheological characteristics. Replacement of cement up to 10% of the mass by ash fraction d<0.14 min fine-grained concrete mixtures does not cause a noticeable decrease in the concrete strength properties. The developed self-compacting fine-grained fiber-reinforced concretes have increased strength properties and have a low-cost price due to the use of local raw materials and run-of-crusher stone.


2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1911-1915
Author(s):  
Bin Chen ◽  
Xi Jun Liu

Based on the test results of 448 sets of concrete mixtures (which have been divided into three groups), a concrete strength prediction model has been established using a stepwise regression method. The kinds and qualities of raw materials, which has a total comes to 17 factors, has been considered as the independent variables. It has been found that the forecast precision is not always improving along with the increase of independent variable number, so one or more factors may be "redundant" and should be reducted. A rough sets (RS) method has been adopted for the variable reduction, with different parameter combinations are tested. The results has shown that in each cases the forecast precision of the model are higher than the Bowromi formula’s. Some regularities for the parameters’ selections are existed, but not all the parameters can be given positively, so a trial process is still necessary.


2014 ◽  
Vol 578-579 ◽  
pp. 1240-1246
Author(s):  
Jin Hui Li ◽  
Ke Xin Liu ◽  
Liu Qing Tu ◽  
Yun Pang Jiao

As the complex structure, large size, hot climate, aggressive corrosive environment and high concrete strength grade for Super-large Section Precast Immersed Tube of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, crack control of concrete was difficult. On the basis of simulating analysis on thermal stress, temperature control design was carried out. Harmful crack could be effective controlled by series of treatment measures during construction period such as optimization of raw materials, preparation of low heat and shrinkage concrete, controlling concrete raw material temperature, mixing concrete with ice shavings and cooling water, setting up automatic maintenance system and automatic temperature monitoring system. From the monitoring results, the temperature monitoring results were consistent with the simulation data, and the maximum temperature and the temperature difference between concrete surface and internal concrete were met the requirement of temperature control standard. Moreover, the precast immersed tube didn’t appear harmful crack.


2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1431-1436
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Katsuya Nagata

Alkaline sulfite/anthraquinone (AS/AQ) pulping of wheat straw under different conditions was conducted in this study. A transition point of kappa number at approximately 6.5 was observed based on all experimental results. This transition point can be regarded as the phase transfer point in AS/AQ pulping from bulk to residual delignification. Effective delignification without great lost of pulp yield can be achieved before kappa number was below this transition point during AS/AQ pulping of wheat straw. It is found that the ratio of cooking liquid to solid should not be lower than 6, if good mass transfer of chemicals and lignin dissolving is needed. As the ratio of Na2SO3 to NaOH dosage ranged from 0.4 to 2.4, low proportion of Na2SO3 allows effective delignification while no serious degradation of carbohydrate. Moreover, similar to kraft pulping, addition of AQ in the range of 0.05% to 0.25% is useful to remove lignin and protect the carbohydrate during AS/AQ pulping. Finally, although the transition point of kappa number may be changed while different raw material used for same pulping process or different pulping process for same raw materials, it is of interest and important for mill practice.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Alexandre Teixeira de Souza ◽  
Maria Luiza Garcia Lopes Molina ◽  
Thaise Monique Iurrino

Nowadays, the cement industry faces several challenges, such as: fossil fuels reservation exhaustion, raw material scarcity, growing demand for building materials, as well as crescent environmental concerns, like air pollution and climate changes. The cement production is directly related to CO₂ emission, one of the main greenhouse gases. Therefore, this search’s objective is to demonstrate the biochar as a potential additive to replace cement in concrete, improving hydration due to its internal healing andnucleation effects. The biochar was prepared by bovine ruminal residue pyrolysis for 1 and 2% replacement of concrete cement. Immediate analyzes were also carried out to get information about biochar’s composition. It was observed in the compressive strength tests, a considerable increase in concrete strength with biochar’s partial replacement. During pyrolysis, the carbon from biomass raw material is sequestered in the chemical structure of the biochar produced that would be released into the atmosphere through decomposition or degradation of biomass. Using material produced by waste to partially substitute cement is an economic and sustainable strategy to achieve green concrete mixtures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1043 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Lubov Kastornykh ◽  
Mikhail Kholodnyak ◽  
Igor Osipchuk ◽  
Alexander Kaklyugin

The effect of the multifunctional supplement Linamix PCX and mineral fillers of microsilica and expanded clay dust on the characteristics of concrete mixtures pumped by concrete pumps is investigated. The evaluation of highly mobile and self-compacting concrete mixtures’ properties was carried out according to pumpability criteria that simulate the elastic-viscous structured system flow. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the hardened concrete were determined using standard and generally accepted methods. The ability of the modified concrete to resist tensile stresses was determined by the crack resistance coefficient. The water-reducing efficiency of the superplasticizer was evaluated by the specific consumption of cement per unit of concrete strength. The performed studies have established that the polyfunctional superplasticizer Linamix PCX is an effective modifier of concrete mixtures, rheologically compatible with cements of various material composition. A significant effect of the fine aggregate grain size composition on the properties of highly mobile concrete mixtures and the formation of the hardened concrete structure has been revealed. Evaluation of the modified concretes’ strength characteristics showed that it is rational to use the mixtures with Linamix superplasticizer PCX and microsilica, providing high strength concrete with a minimum specific consumption of cement for concreting massive monolithic structures in order to slow down heat generation during concrete hardening.


Author(s):  
Kiran Kumar Poloju ◽  
Abdullah Tahir

Ceramic wall tiles are used as building material in the field of construction. Manufacturing of ceramic tiles require different raw material like clay, potash, dolomite, feldspar, talc and different chemicals like sodium silicate, sodium tripoly, phosphate (STPP) in ceramic production. In the ceramic industry, about 15%-30% production goes as waste. These wastes poses a serious threat to the environment by polluting the habitant and agricultural lands. Therefore using of ceramic waste powder in concrete would benefit in many ways in saving energy & protecting the environment. The cost of deposition of ceramic waste in landfills will be saved. Raw materials and natural resources will be replaced. Which indirectly helps for reducing the greenhouse gas (co2).There is a large amount of carbon dioxide released in the cement production. In this research study the (OPC) cement has been replaced by ceramic waste powder accordingly in the range of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% 40%, & 50% by weight for M-25 grade concrete. The wastes employed came from ceramic industry which is in Rusayl (Muscat, Oman) industrial area. Based on experimental investigations concerning the compressive strength of concrete, the following observations are made: (a)    The Compressive Strength of M25 grade concrete increases when the replacement of cement with ceramic waste up to 30% by weight of cement and further replacement of cement with ceramic powder decreases the compressive strength.   (b)  Concrete on 30% replacement of cement with ceramic waste, compressive strength obtained is 26.77 N/mm2and vice-versa the cost of the concrete is reduced up to 13.27% in M25 grade and hence it becomes more economical without compromising concrete strength than the standard concrete. It becomes technically and economically feasible and viable. It is the possible alternative solution of safe disposal of ceramic waste. Reuse of this kind of waste has advantages economic and environmental, reduction in the number of natural spaces employed as refuse dumps. Indirectly, all the above contributes to a better quality of life for citizens and to introduce the concept of sustainability in the construction sector.


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