scholarly journals Processes of heat and mass transfer during drying of red beetroot

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Zhanna Petrova ◽  
◽  
Kateryna Samoilenko ◽  
Vitaly Vishnevsky
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Drying Process

Red beetroot is the main raw material which has a high content of betanine with antioxidant properties. An important emphasis in the processing of antioxidant raw materials by drying is to reduce energy consumption for the dehydration process, the maximum preservation of biologically active substances, and to reduce the cost of the final product. Drying is a complex and energy-intensive process. Therefore, to optimize energy consumption during drying and selection of rational modes of dehydration, it is necessary to apply the calculated analysis of heat and mass transfer on the basis of adequate mathematical models. Calculated and experimental results are compared. In general, the comparison of the results of numerical modeling of convection drying processes of the red beetroot sample with the experimental results showed their rather satisfactory qualitative agreement. The calculation model can be used to approximate the characteristics of the drying process of red beetroot, in particular the time required for drying. The obtained results of calorimetric studies allow stating that with correctly selected compositions, not only the components of native raw materials are stabilized, but also the drying process is intensified with the reduction of energy consumption to process.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER DURING CONVECTIVE DRYING OF COLLOID CAPILLARY-POROUS MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Slobodianiuk ◽  
◽  
Kateryna Samoilenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The article presents a reasonable analysis and relevance of the study of the drying process of vegetable raw materials (colloidal capillary-porous materials). Drying is an energy-intensive industrial process that is defined from a technological point of view: on the one hand by heat and moisture exchange between the body surface and the environment, on the other hand by heating the body and transferring moisture inside it due to the form of moisture. One of the most effective ways to increase the shelf life of food is to dry it to equilibrium humidity. Very important are the technological parameters of the drying regimes, which, when used rationally, are able to preserve the biochemical properties and nutrients of the raw material at a high level in the obtained dry product. The study of dehydration of vegetable raw materials is widely practiced around the world, especially in countries such as Germany, France, USA, Argentina, Hungary, Brazil, Poland, Korea, China, Malaysia. However, the obtained processed products lose their biologically active components and nutrients, and the processing process is energy consuming. Therefore, the problem is relevant and needs an effective solution. In this paper, the kinetics of the drying process, thermogravimetric studies and a mathematical model for colloidal capillary-porous materials of plant origin were analyzed. According to the results of the highlighted research, the process of convective drying of colloidal capillary-porous materials was intensified above 21% due to the use of innovative step regimes. The developed beet-rhubarb composition is a colloidal capillary-porous material that stabilizes and protects at the biochemical level betanin of the beet from the effects of temperature during convective drying, has in comparison with the components of the composition lower heat of dehydration and increased thermal-stability. Prolonged high-temperature exposure causes instant complete destruction of sugars, proteins and other nutrients components. Derivatographic studies have confirmed that the use of the temperature range of 100 ° C in a stepwise mode of 100/60 ° C for the developed soybean-spinach composition is safe for biologically active substances and it is justified by experimental temperature curves. Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer during convective drying of crushed beets and crushed soybeans using the known model by A.V. Lykov satisfactorily describes the process and can be used to model the convection drying of colloidal capillary-porous materials.

Target Kappa Number for AS/AQ Pulping of Wheat Straw

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1431-1436
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Katsuya Nagata
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Transition Point ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pulp Yield

Alkaline sulfite/anthraquinone (AS/AQ) pulping of wheat straw under different conditions was conducted in this study. A transition point of kappa number at approximately 6.5 was observed based on all experimental results. This transition point can be regarded as the phase transfer point in AS/AQ pulping from bulk to residual delignification. Effective delignification without great lost of pulp yield can be achieved before kappa number was below this transition point during AS/AQ pulping of wheat straw. It is found that the ratio of cooking liquid to solid should not be lower than 6, if good mass transfer of chemicals and lignin dissolving is needed. As the ratio of Na2SO3 to NaOH dosage ranged from 0.4 to 2.4, low proportion of Na2SO3 allows effective delignification while no serious degradation of carbohydrate. Moreover, similar to kraft pulping, addition of AQ in the range of 0.05% to 0.25% is useful to remove lignin and protect the carbohydrate during AS/AQ pulping. Finally, although the transition point of kappa number may be changed while different raw material used for same pulping process or different pulping process for same raw materials, it is of interest and important for mill practice.

scholarly journals Development of a method for producing a healthy drink based on fermented beet juice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3(61)) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Natalia Stetsenko ◽  
Iryna Goyko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Health Products

The object of research is a method of producing a fermented drink from natural raw materials, the consumption of which will provide the human body with probiotics, prebiotics, vitamins and antioxidants. The work used general scientific research methods, in particular, analysis and synthesis, as well as physicochemical methods for determining the composition and properties of raw materials and the finished product. Beetroot and its juice are insufficiently used in the food and processing industries, therefore this particular type of raw material has great reserves and prospects for creating health products. The work is aimed at improving the method of obtaining fermented beet juice enriched with ginger extract. For the production of the drink, the root crops of the Cylindra variety were chosen, which had a high content of dry substances and sugars, and were also characterized by a better storage capacity with minimal losses of biologically active substances. It has been established that when obtaining juice, it is advisable to process crushed pectolytic beets with the enzyme preparation Fructocyme MA-X-Press (manufacturer Russia). This makes it possible to increase the juice yield by 14.9 %, the amount of dry matter by 2.1 % and the sugar content by 1.7 %. To ferment the juice used bacterial preparations of lacto- and bifidobacteria in the amount of 5 % by weight of raw materials. The fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 37 °C for 24 hours. It was found that when using the preparation of B. longum bifidobacteria, which have good stability in an acidic medium, a higher fermentation rate is achieved. To enrich the drink with substances with antioxidant properties, ginger root extract was used. The health-improving effect of the fermented drink is due to the use of exclusively natural plant materials and the use of probiotic cultures of microorganisms in the technological process, which improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and are factors that stimulate the immune system.

scholarly journals Chromato-mass spectroscopy of tinctures of Valeriana officinalis aerial part

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
V. M. Odyntsova ◽  
V. I. Kokitko ◽  
V. H. Korniievska ◽  
Yu. I. Korniievskyi ◽  
Ye. O. Karpun
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Valeriana Officinalis

Underground Valerian roots (Vаlеrіаnае radix) are officinal raw materials. More than 1000 compounds were detected in Valeriana officinalis L. s.l., of which no less than 500 natural substances of organic and inorganic origin were identified, among them – carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, enzymes, phenolic compounds, essential oil, iridoids, alkaloids, steroids. The aerial part of Valerian is a source of various flavonoids with pronounced antioxidant properties and specific pharmacotherapeutic activity. The aim of the research is to determine, by means of gas chromatography, component composition of Valerian tinctures, made of the aerial part of V. tuberosa L., V. stolonifera Czern (Kantserivska balka, Zaporizhzhia region, Ukraine) and V. officinalis L. (Łódź, Bydgoszcz, Poland). Materials and methods. Tincture samples of the aerial part of wild species V. tuberosa L., V. stolonifera Czern (Kantserivska balka, Zaporizhzhia region), and V. officinalis L. (the experimental site of ZSMU; Łódź and Bydgoszcz in Poland) were selected for experimental studies according to the traditional production recipe for making tinctures (1 : 5). Component composition of the tinctures was studied using a 7890B gas chromatograph with a 5977B mass spectrometer detector. Results. By means of chromato-mass spectrometry, component composition of the Valerian tinctures has been identified, namely: in the tincture prepared from the aerial part of V. officinalis (Łódź, Poland) 54 components have been identified, V. tuberosa – 50; V. stolonifera – 46 and V. officinalis (Bydgoszcz, Poland) – 30. The chromatogram analysis of four Valerian tinctures helped to identify 118 components, 5 of which were present in all studied tinctures; 12 components were present in three tinctures; 22 components have been found in two tinctures. It should be noted that 10 components have been found in the tinctures in large quantities, their content ranging from 10.91 % to 30.02 %. Conclusions. Analyzing the obtained data of the GC, it can be seen that Valerian tinctures differ both in quantitative and qualitative composition. From the aerial part of Valeriana officinalis, prepared in Łódź and Bydgoszcz in Poland, 17 components coincide. In the tinctures, prepared from herbs collected in Ukraine, 10 components coincide. The highest content of Butanoic acid, 3-methyl – from 4.01 % to 16.78 %; 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z)- – from 0.47 % to 7.09 %; Dihydroxyacetone – from 0.37 % to 5.69 % and Quinic acid – from 0.30 % to 4.66 % in all four tinctures by peak areas and retention time should be marked. In three tinctures Cyclododecane, 1,5,9-tris(acetoxy)- has been identified in amount of 30.56 % to 14.56 %. The obtained results confirm the expediency of using the aerial part of Valeriana officinalis as raw material with a large commodity yield and various contents of biologically active substances for further pharmacognostic researches for the purpose of creation of new medicines and phytopreparations

scholarly journals Modeling the extraction process of medicinal raw materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
I.А. Khabarov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Zhurov ◽  
А.N. Zhabayeva ◽  
S.М. Adekenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Target Component ◽  
Extraction Processes

The review considers 26 mathematical models of the process of biologically active substances extraction from medicinal plant raw materials, taking into account factors affecting the extraction process: diffusion coefficient, particle size, layer porosity, extractant feed rate, raw material grinding method, pressure, temperature and duration of extraction, individual characteristics of raw materials (content of the target component) and technological equipment. In general, these models fall into four important groups: empirical models, models based on heat transfer analogies, a shrinking core model, and models based on differential mass bal-ance. Here were described problems that occur in the selection of mathematical models, first of all, associated with the imperfect behavior of the flows of extraction liquids, and the inhomogeneous cross-section of the extraction apparatus. It was shown that first of all the extraction process modeling requires mathematical models to describe the mass transfer inside solid particles. It is also important to take into account the solubility of the target substances when simulating. It is shown that for describing the extraction processes, the optimal models are Naik and Lentz, Esquivel, diffusion, H. Sovová mass transfer, damaged and undamaged cells for calculating the main factors of extraction processes.

scholarly journals Effective Condensing Dehumidification in a Rotary-Spray Honey Dehydrator

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Marcin Morawski ◽  
Marcin Malec ◽  
Beata Niezgoda-Żelasko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Dehydration Process ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Cooling Unit

This paper presents a mathematical model of the heat and mass transfer processes for a rotary-spray honey dehydrator with a heat pump and a closed air circuit. An analytical calculation model, based on the energy balance equations of the dehydrator and heat pump, was used to model the transient dehydration process of honey in a dehydrator. The presented article includes a different approach to modelling both the dryer and the heat pump assisting the drying process. The novel quality of this study lies in the use of original equations to determine the heat and mass transfer coefficients between honey and air and using an actual model of a cooling unit to model the honey dehydration process. The experimentally verified calculation algorithm enables an analysis of the effects of air flow rate, mixer rotation speed, and cooling unit power on the efficiency of the drying process. The dehydrator calculation model was used to minimize the drying time by selecting the optimal evaporative temperature values of the cooling unit. For fixed mixer speed and air flow rates, optimal values of evaporation temperatures allow for 8–13% reduction in honey drying time and an increase in the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) by 4–32%.

scholarly journals Modeling and simulation of heat and mass transfer in an Ethiopian fresh injera drying process

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e06201
Author(s):  
Alamrew B. Solomon ◽  
Solomon W. Fanta ◽  
Mulugeta A. Delele ◽  
Maarten Vanierschot
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Drying Process

scholarly journals Crushed Bricks: Demolition Waste as a Sustainable Raw Material for Geopolymers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7572
Author(s):  
Gigliola D’Angelo ◽  
Marina Fumo ◽  
Mercedes del Rio Merino ◽  
Ilaria Capasso ◽  
Assunta Campanile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Crushed Brick

Demolition activity plays an important role in the total energy consumption of the construction industry in the European Union. The indiscriminate use of non-renewable raw materials, energy consumption, and unsustainable design has led to a redefinition of the criteria to ensure environmental protection. This article introduces an experimental plan that determines the viability of a new type of construction material, obtained from crushed brick waste, to be introduced into the construction market. The potential of crushed brick waste as a raw material in the production of building precast products, obtained by curing a geopolymeric blend at 60 °C for 3 days, has been exploited. Geopolymers represent an important alternative in reducing emissions and energy consumption, whilst, at the same time, achieving a considerable mechanical performance. The results obtained from this study show that the geopolymers produced from crushed brick were characterized by good properties in terms of open porosity, water absorption, mechanical strength, and surface resistance values when compared to building materials produced using traditional technologies.

CFD-based structure optimization of plate bundle in plate-fin heat exchanger considering flow and heat transfer performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Li ◽  
Haiqing Si ◽  
Jingxuan Qiu ◽  
Yingying Shen ◽  
Peihong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Heat Transfer Efficiency

Abstract The plate-fin heat exchanger has been widely applied in the field of air separation and aerospace due to its high specific surface area of heat transfer. However, the low heat transfer efficiency of its plate bundles has also attracted more attention. It is of great significance to optimize the structure of plate-fin heat exchanger to improve its heat transfer efficiency. The plate bundle was studied by combining numerical simulation with experiment. Firstly, according to the heat and mass transfer theory, the plate bundle calculation model of plate-fin heat exchanger was established, and the accuracy of the UDF (User-Defined Functions) for describing the mass and heat transfer was verified. Then, the influences of fin structure parameters on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of channel were discussed, including the height, spacing, thickness and length of fins. Finally the influence of various factors on the flow field performance under different flow states was integrated to complete the optimal design of the plate bundle.

Method of Ginkgo biloba Drying and Drying Machine Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 722-726
Author(s):  
Jun Ming Hou ◽  
De Xu Yang ◽  
Ke Jia Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Medical Industry ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Heat Transmission ◽  
Electrically Conducting

In this paper the drying process of ginkgo biloba is discussed. The process combined effect of convective Heat and mass transfer on hydromagnetic electrically conducting viscous, how to improve the ability of drying is an important problem. The heat transmission for drying process is discussed. The parameter of drying process is determined. The ginkgo biloba drying machine is developed and the key part of drying machine is designed. The whole drying machine is developed, which can enhance the ability of medical industry. The study can help the Optimization of drying process and the level of the ginkgo biloba drying.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document