The Use of Sol-Gel Method for Obtaining Fire-Resistant Elastic Coatings on Cotton Fabrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1038 ◽  
pp. 468-479
Author(s):  
Olga Skorodumova ◽  
Olena Tarakhno ◽  
Olena Chebotaryova ◽  
Oleg Bezuglov ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Emen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Silica Coatings ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Main Factors

Based on the generalization of research results on the processes of obtaining SiO2 sols using tetraethoxysilane and ethyl silicates, the main factors influencing the elasticity of silica coatings on cotton fabrics and their fire-retardant properties are considered. The possibility of forming covalent bonds between the functional groups of cellulose, gel coating and flame retardant layer is considered, which explains the strong fixation of a thin layer of coating on the fibers of the fabric and improve its fire protection. The use of the developed compositions for fire-retardant elastic coatings based on ethyl silicate allows to increase the time of complete burning of cotton from 30s (untreated fabric) to 600s (treated with binary coating).

scholarly journals Fire Protection of Building Constructions with the Use of Fire-Retardant Intumescent Compositions

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Tatiana Eremina ◽  
Dmitry Korolchenko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Thermal Analysis Data ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Modifying Additive

The influence of basic components of intumescent paint on fire protection properties is studied. The resulting changes in properties are assessed by the intumescence coefficient and thermal analysis data. Influence of the binder polymer composition on fire protection properties under the same conditions was evaluated, quantitatively using the example of fire-retardant water-dispersion paint; the best result was obtained in the formulation based on vinyl acetate copolymers. The brands of ammonium polyphosphate (PFA) from different manufacturers were investigated under the same conditions. The results of the thermal analysis and testing of the physicochemical properties of the samples on various PFAs are presented, with conclusions about their influence on the fire-retardant properties of the paint. The results of the thermal analysis of the influence of orthophosphoric acid, as a modifying additive, on the fire-retardant properties of the paint are presented.

Intumescent Type Fire Retardant Epoxy Coating

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 605-609
Author(s):  
L. Pestereva ◽  
N. Shakirov ◽  
Оlga G. Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Coating ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Intumescent Coatings ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties

This article discusses one of the methods of fire protection, namely, the coating of metal structures with fire retardant paints. Intumescent coatings are currently the most widely used. Fire retardant coatings based on epoxy paints have high performance characteristics and are promising. As the foaming component, the system of ammonium polyphosphate - pentaerythritol - melamine (in a ratio of 2: 1: 1) was selected. The fire retardant properties of the developed material were investigated. Coatings on the base of the developed fire retardant paint allow us to increase own level of fire resistance of metal constructions up to three (90 minutes).

scholarly journals Antipyrene composition for fire prorotection of cellulose-containing material

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sirko ◽  
◽  
E. Starysh ◽  
N. Tsireny ◽  
O. Tsapcko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Properties Of Materials

The article presents the results of research on the creation of flame retardant composition for fire protection of cellulose-containing materials. The analysis was performed of flame retardant compositions for impregnation of cellulose-based materials. Phosphorus-based compounds have been shown to be most effective in providing fire protection in the solid phase and during decomposition. They are able to decompose when heated to form phosphoric acid, which inhibits direct oxidation and greatly reduces the spread of fire. Also, noteworthy are compositions based on salts and acids of phosphorus and nitrogen. The mechanism of action of these compositions is aimed at reducing the amount of heat during combustion and becomes insufficient for self-combustion. It was also found that during ignition fire-retardant compositions interact with the components of cellulose, which forms residual phosphorus and nitrogen, resulting in increased efficiency of fire-retardant action. Fire-retardant impregnating compositions are aqueous solutions of flame retardants. The materials are impregnated in a container with a flame retardant solution or sprayed on the surface of the material with an industrial spray. This method is simple and effective, but the result is short-lived. More effective is the method of introducing flame retardant at the molecular level into the fiber structure. One of the important methods is to restore the fire-retardant properties of materials during their operation and products from them.

scholarly journals Sol-Gel and Layer-by-Layer Coatings for Flame-Retardant Cotton Fabrics: Recent Advances

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Malucelli
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Recent Advances

Surface-engineered coatings for the fire protection of cotton are being increasing used thanks to the ease of application of the coatings and their effectiveness in preventing flame propagation and improving resistance to irradiative heat flux exposure. Two main approaches have been extensively investigated, namely sol-gel derived coatings and layer-by-layer assemblies. These approaches are both capable of providing treated fabrics with outstanding flame-retardant features. Notwithstanding, according to the composition of the sol-gel recipes and the type of deposited layers, it is possible to design multifunctional (for example hydrophobic and electrically conductive) treatments. This review aims at discussing recent advances with respect to both strategies, highlighting current limitations, open challenges, and possible advances.

Study of the Behavior of the Fire-Retardant Seals Under Thermal Exposure

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
T.A. Budykina ◽  
◽  
E.B. Anosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Loads ◽  
Temperature Heating

The results are presented concerning the experimental studies of the behavior of fire-retardant seals produced by the Ogneza group of companies under thermal exposure up to 1000 °C, obtained by the method of synchronous thermal analysis (thermogravimetry together with the differential scanning calorimetry). Incombustible properties of the M-СORE (NG) seal were confirmed, which showed a decrease in the mass of the material when heated to 1000 °C by 11%, which is due to the mineral composition of the sample (a silica-based material). High thermal stability was shown by the fire-fighting seal M-CORE, the decrease in the mass of the sample of which, after reaching a temperature of 555 °C, stops at 37 %, which indicates the formation of an ash residue. Thermal sealing tape LTU, as a result of the temperature heating starting from a mark of 192 °C, uniformly was losing mass up to a total value of 82 %. The experiment established the sealant swelling. According to the experimental data obtained, the samples M-CORE (NG) confirmed the fire-retardant properties declared by the manufacturer. For the selection of heat-resistant materials that can withstand significant temperature loads during the operation of units and mechanisms, for electrical and thermal insulation, for fire protection of air ducts, equipment, structures, the advantages, and reliability of these seals are obvious. The results of the study (the temperature of the beginning of an intensive decrease in mass, the temperature of the onset of thermal effects accompanying a decrease in mass, the behavior of materials under thermal exposure) can be considered when designing heat and electrical insulation, fire protection of production processes, as well as when determining the level of fire risk of the production facilities.

Formation of Fire Retardant Properties in Elastic Silica Coatings for Textile Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 1006 ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Olga Skorodumova ◽  
Olena Tarakhno ◽  
Olena Chebotaryova ◽  
Yuliana Hapon ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Emen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Express Method ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Silica Coatings ◽  
Fire Retardant Properties ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The influence of the degree of homogeneity of the SiO2 sol on the duration of the induction period and the quality of fire-resistant coatings on textile materials was studied. The prospects of using IR spectroscopy as an express method for studying the phase composition of a gel coating, the degree of completion of the hydrolysis of an organosilicon component, and adjusting the parameters for obtaining a high-quality fire-resistant binary coating of a sol SiO2 - flame retardant system are shown.

scholarly journals Study on the Large Deformation Characteristics and Disaster Mechanism of a Thin-Layer Soft-Rock Tunnel

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiulian Zhang ◽  
Manchao He ◽  
Fengnian Wang ◽  
Gan Li ◽  
Shengxin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors

In view of the large deformation of thin-layer soft rock in the No. 2 inclined shaft of the Muzhailing Tunnel, we performed an experimental investigation on the mineral composition, physical characteristics, and uniaxial compressive strength of the surrounding rock of the tunnel. The characteristics of the large deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel were analyzed, and the main factors influencing the deformation of the tunnel were revealed. The influence of various factors on the large deformation of the surrounding rock was analyzed using the 3DEC-Trigon discrete element numerical simulation method. The results show that (1) the deformation of the surrounding rock of the tunnel has remarkable asymmetry, the deformation of the initial support of the tunnel is significant, and the buried depth of the area where the maximum deformation of the tunnel exceeded 1 m is greater than 500 m; (2) the main factors influencing the deformation of a thin-layer slate tunnel include joint inclination, buried depth, water absorption, and softening of the surrounding rock; and (3) the maximum deformation of the surrounding rock is observed for a joint angle of 45°, at which the buried depth is directly proportional to the deformation and failure of the tunnel. Furthermore, after the surrounding rock was softened by water absorption, the floor of the tunnel, the left shoulder socket, and the right side of the tunnel are deformed greatly. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the study of similar deformation control methods and supporting measures for tunnels excavated in thin-layer soft rock.

Reproduction potential-based differentiation of Russian regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304-1319
Author(s):  
M.V. Moroshkina
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Development ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Research Period

Subject. This article examines the issues related to changes in reproduction capacity and heterogeneity of the development of Russian regions. Objectives. The article aims to assess regional differentiation and investigate the main factors influencing the uneven development of the areas. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of comparative and correlation analyses. Results. The article identifies groups of leading and lagging Russian regions and assesses the possibility of convergence of Russian regions according to the analyzed indicators, such as GRP, GRP per capita, and the output of industry. Conclusions. The results obtained can be used when preparing strategic policy documents, spatial development programmes and concepts. The observed heterogeneity suggests that the regions maintain their positions throughout the research period.

Polymer composites as sensing materials for liquid organic solvents – preliminary results

e-Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Frackowiak ◽  
Monika Maciejewska ◽  
Andrzej Szczurek ◽  
Marek Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Volumetric Fraction ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Main Factors

AbstractCarbon black-filled polymer composites were investigated as sensing materials for organic liquids. Polypropylene and polystyrene which were selected as matrices and various amounts of carbon black were considered as the main factors influencing sensitivity of the composites in view of the percolation theory. Disposable filaments were produced of these materials. Change in their electrical resistivity was measured upon immersion in benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and their mixtures. It has been found that studied materials were sensitive to the composition of liquid mixtures of organic solvent. Relationships between the filament response and volumetric fraction of the components were presented. The studied materials have shown promising sensing properties, which suggest their applicability for identification and quantification of multicomponent organic liquids.

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