Biocontrol Delivery System of Trichoderma harzianum Formulated in Graphite and Silica Nano Particles to Control Rhizoctonia solani on Tomato Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Hersanti ◽  
Lilian Rizkie ◽  
Santi Suryani ◽  
Luciana Djaya ◽  
I Made Joni
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
In Vitro Treatment

This paper reports the performance of a graphite and silica nanoparticles-based delivery system for T. harzianum in controlling the in vitro growth of R. solani and damping-off disease on tomato plants. The in vitro and in vivo experiments were arranged in the randomized complete block design. The in vitro treatment was a dual culture of R. solani and T. harzianum in the various components of formulation on PDA, i.e., T. harzianum + 5 wt.% graphite, T. harzianum + 1wt.% silica NPs., T. harzianum + 5 wt.% graphite + 1 wt.% silica nanoparticles, T. harzianum, 5 wt.% graphite, 1 wt.% silica nanoparticles, fungicide (mancozeb), and a control. The in vivo treatment included the application of T. harzianum in the same compositions as the in vitro treatment, except that there were two controls i.e., inoculated and noninoculated tomato plants with R. solani. T. harzianum by soaking tomato seeds in the formulation suspensions before planting. The results showed that all formulation compositions were able to inhibit the in vitro growth of R. solani. The inhibitions of the colony growth of R. solani caused by formulated and non-formulated T. harzianum were the same. This proved that graphite and silica NPs did not resist to the ability of T. harzianum in controlling R. solani, indicated that the formulation was promising to develop. However, the inhibition of damping-off disease incidence on tomato plants caused by formulated T. harzianum was the same as the non-formulated one only on day 7 after treatments. On days 14, 21, and 28, the inhibitions were lower than the non-formulated ones. It was suggested to reapply the formulation of T. harzianum in the soil at planting and several days after.

scholarly journals Native Trichoderma grown on oat grains controls damping-off and enhances height in soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dinnys Roese ◽  
Gloria Soriano Vidal ◽  
Erica Camila Zielinski ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Agrosilvopastoral Systems

ABSTRACT Trichoderma is a biological control agent used to improve the resistance to diseases, which may also estimulate plant growth. Commercial products with Trichoderma are available in different countries, but most of them are based on conidial suspension. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of native Trichoderma populations collected from different production systems and applied to the soil by using two methods: conidial suspension and inoculated oat grains. The efficiency of native Trichoderma populations collected from conventional crop and agropastoral and agrosilvopastoral systems in a long-term field experiment was evaluated. The populations efficiencies were evaluated by in vivo tests that assessed the control of soybean damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani, plant height and soil colonization with the antagonist. In vitro tests, such as dual culture and assessment of volatile and non-volatile compounds, were conducted to study the mode of action of the populations. Some native Trichoderma populations were as efficient as those from a commercial product in all tests. Compared to conidial suspension, Trichoderma spp. inoculated through oat grains promoted a greater damping-off control, higher plants and more colony-forming units per gram of soil after 3 months of application. Native populations performed equally well or even better than the commercial strain, and the use of a substrate that supports the Trichoderma growth was more efficient than the conidial suspension method.

scholarly journals Ability of Trichoderma harzianum in the Formulation with Carbon Fiber and Silica Nano Particles to Control Damping Off (Sclerotium rolfsii) on Soybean Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Iman Ilahiyyat ◽  
◽  
Hersanti Hersanti ◽  
Luciana Djaya ◽  
Sri Hartati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Soybean Plants

Sclerotium rolfsii is one of the soil-borne pathogens that cause damping-off and stem rot on soybean plants. One effort to control damping-off, which is environmentally friendly, is by using biological agents. Antagonistic microorganism that has been studied intensively and has a great potential to control soil-borne diseases is Trichoderma harzianum. The objectives of this research were to comprehend the ability of T. harzianum in a formulation with carbon fiber 80 mesh and silica nanoparticles (NPs.) and to determine the concentration of silica NPs. in the formulation that suppresses the in vitro growth of S. rolfsii and control the damping-off on soybean plants. The experiment was conducted in two phases. The first phase was in vitro experiment, arranged in a completely randomized design with 11 treatments and 3 replications. The second phase was in vivo test by using randomized complete block design, with 11 treatments and 3 replications. The in-vitro test showed that each treatment with T. harzianum in the formulation of silica NPs. and carbon fiber 80 mesh in various concentrations was able to suppress the S. rolfsii growth by 58.76- 80.92%. The treatment of single T. harzianum caused the highest suppression on S. rolfsii up to 80.92%. While the results of the in vivo test showed that the highest percentage of damping-off suppression was on the treatment of T. harzianum only, with 60% suppression.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of Pythium Damping-Off on Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) with Selected Fungal and Rhizobacterial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Sabrine Mannai ◽  
Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine ◽  
Bouzid Nasraoui ◽  
Mejda Daami-Remadi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Pythium Ultimum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Dual Culture Assay ◽  
Emergence Percentage

Pythium ultimum is a common soilborne pathogen causing serious losses of pepper seedlings in nurseries and few weeks post-planting. Two pepper associated-P. ultimum isolates (P1 and P2) were shown pathogenic to pepper cv. Altar causing post-emergence damping-off with P2 isolate being the most aggressive. Fungal and bacterial antagonists have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo for their ability to suppress P. ultimum. In dual culture assay, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Gliocladium virens inhibited pathogen radial growth by 18.54, 17.52 and 15.24%, respectively, relative to control, while none of the tested bacteria was shown able to significantly inhibit pathogen growth. However, drastic changes in pathogen hyphae expressed as strong lysis, the formation of mycelial cords and mycoparasitism have been observed. Pepper seeds treated with fungal antagonists’ conidial suspensions showed 60, 50 and 60% less pre-emergence damping-off infections, respectively, compared to the positive control. When tested as root dipping, only G. virens resulted in 40% reduced post-emergence damping-off. An improved seedlings fresh weight, by 79.31 and 76%, was respectively induced by G. virens-, and T. viride-based treatments while an increment of 27.58, 25.33 and 22.22 % was recorded following treatments with G. virens, T. viride and T. harzianum, relative to the positive control. The majority of tested bacterial isolates, applied as a seed treatment, had significantly improved the emergence percentage of inoculated seedlings as compared to control with Burkholderia glathei isolate 35 being the most efficient. When applied as root dipping, reduction of post-emergence damping-off ranged between 40 and 100% with Pseudomonas aureofaciens isolate 314 being the most effective agent. Seedlings treated with P. aureofaciens (314) and Bacillus pumilus (420) showed 35.38 and 28.51% higher heights, respectively. Plant weight was enhanced by 73.06, 61.18, 77.39, 61.8 and 67.93% over control following treatments with P. aureofaciens isolates 314 and 31, Bacillus pumilus 420, P. fluorescens and P. putida 227.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Minyak Cengkeh untuk Mengendalikan Patogen Terbawa Benih Secara In Vitro dan In Vivo pada Benih Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
Neza Puspita ◽  
Syamsuddin Syamsuddin ◽  
Tjut Chamzurni
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Tomato Seeds

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan konsentrasi minyak cengkeh untuk mengendalikan patogen terbawa benih pada benih tomat secara in vitro dan in vivo. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan November 2017 di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor yang petama yaitu konsentrasi minyak cengkeh (C) yang terdiri atas 6 taraf yaitu 0,000%, 0,010%, 0,015%, 0,020%, 0,025%, 0,030%. Faktor kedua adalah jenis patogen (P) yang terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu Fusarium oxysporum dan Pythium sp. Dengan demikian terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan, sehingga didapatkan 36 satuan percobaan. Adapun parameter in vitro yang diamati adalah diameter koloni dan daya hambat patogen lalu parameter in vivo yang diamati adalah pre emergence damping off, post emergence damping off, keparahan penyakit dan tinggi tanaman tomat.  Hasil penelitian menujukkan konsentrasi minyak cengkeh perpengaruh terhadap diameter koloni, daya hambat patogen, pre emergence damping off, post emergence damping off, keparahan penyakit dan tinggi tanaman tomat. Perbedaan jenis patogen yang digunakan berpengaruh terhadap diameter koloni, daya hambat patogen, keparahan penyakit dan tinggi tanaman, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase pre emergence damping off dan persentase post emergence damping off. Konsentrasi minyak cengkeh yang terbaik untuk mengendalikan patogen terbawa benih baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo adalah 0,020%. Jenis patogen yang lebih dapat dikendalikan secara in vitro adalah F. oxysporum dan jenis patogen yang lebih dapat dikendalikan secara in vivo adalah Phytium sp.The Effectiveness Clove Oil to Control Seed Borne Pathogens In Vitro and In Vivo on Tomato Seeds (Lycopersicum esculentum)Abstrack. This study aims to determine the effect of clove oil concentration treatment to control seed borne pathogens on tomato seeds in vitro and in vivo. The research was conducted from August until November 2017 at the Technology and Seed Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. The design used was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) factorial pattern consisting of two factors. The first factor is the concentration of clove oil (C) which consists of 6 levels, that were 0.000%, 0.010%, 0.015%, 0.020%, 0.025%, 0.030%. The second factor is the type of pathogen (P) which consists of 2 levels, that were Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium sp. There were 12 combinations of treatments with 3 replicated, so that obtained 36 units experiment. The in vitro observed variables were diameter of the colony, pathogen inhibitory activity and in vivo observed variables were pre emergence damping off, post emergence damping off, disease severity and tomato plants height. The results showed that the concentration of clove oil had a significant effect on diameter of the colony, pathogen inhibitory activity, pre emergence damping off, post emergence damping off, disease severity and tomato plants height. The difference type of pathogen had a significant effect on the diameter of the colony, pathogen inhibition, disease severity and tomato plant height, but had no significant effect on the percentage of pre emergence damping off and the percentage of post emergence damping off. The best concentration of clove oil to control seed borne pathogens both in vitro and in vivo is 0.020%. The type of pathogen that can be more controlled in vitro is F. oxysporum and the type of pathogen that can be more controlled in vivo is Phytium sp.

Effect of in Vivo Oxidized Cellulose on in Vitro Growth of Human Respiratory Mucosa and Sub-mucosa During Endoscopic Skull Base Approaches

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezequiel Goldschmidt ◽  
Jorge Rasmussen ◽  
Joseph Chabot ◽  
Monica Loressi ◽  
Marcelo Ielpi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Respiratory Mucosa

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

A Novel Intravaginal Delivery System for Itraconazole: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dobaria ◽  
R. Mashru ◽  
A. Badhan ◽  
A. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Intravaginal Delivery

scholarly journals Development of Triamcinolone Acetonide-Loaded Microemulsion as a Prospective Ophthalmic Delivery System for Treatment of Uveitis: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Alaa Mahran ◽  
Sayed Ismail ◽  
Ayat A. Allam
Keyword(s):  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Subconjunctival Injection ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Ophthalmic Delivery

Treatment of uveitis (i.e., inflammation of the uvea) is challenging due to lack of convenient ophthalmic dosage forms. This work is aimed to determine the efficiency of triamcinolone acetonide (TA)-loaded microemulsion as an ophthalmic delivery system for the treatment of uveitis. Water titration method was used to construct different pseudo-ternary phase diagrams. Twelve microemulsion formulations were prepared using oleic acid, Cremophor EL, and propylene glycol. Among all tested formulations, Formulation F3, composed of oil: surfactant-co-surfactant (1:1): water (15:35:50% w/w, respectively), was found to be stable and showed acceptable pH, viscosity, conductivity, droplet size (211 ± 1.4 nm), and zeta potential (−25 ± 1.7 mV) and almost complete in vitro drug release within 24 h. The in vivo performance of the optimized formulation was evaluated in experimentally uveitis-induced rabbit model and compared with a commercial TA suspension (i.e., Kenacort®-A) either topically or by subconjunctival injection. Ocular inflammation was evaluated by clinical examination, white blood cell count, protein content measurement, and histopathological examination. The developed TA-loaded microemulsion showed superior therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of uveitis with high patient compliance compared to commercial suspension. Hence, it could be considered as a potential ocular treatment option in controlling of uveitis.

scholarly journals Bacillus megaterium-Mediated Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Antifungal Activity against Rhizoctonia solani in Faba Bean Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Amr H. Hashem ◽  
Amer M. Abdelaziz ◽  
Ahmed A. Askar ◽  
Hossam M. Fouda ◽  
Ahmed M. A. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Rhizoctonia root-rot disease causes severe economic losses in a wide range of crops, including Vicia faba worldwide. Currently, biosynthesized nanoparticles have become super-growth promoters as well as antifungal agents. In this study, biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been examined as growth promoters as well as antifungal agents against Rhizoctonia solani RCMB 031001 in vitro and in vivo. Se-NPs were synthesized biologically by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 55000 and characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. TEM and DLS images showed that Se-NPs are mono-dispersed spheres with a mean diameter of 41.2 nm. Se-NPs improved healthy Vicia faba cv. Giza 716 seed germination, morphological, metabolic indicators, and yield. Furthermore, Se-NPs exhibited influential antifungal activity against R. solani in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibition and minimum fungicidal concentrations of Se-NPs were 0.0625 and 1 mM, respectively. Moreover, Se-NPs were able to decrease the pre-and post-emergence of R. solani damping-off and minimize the severity of root rot disease. The most effective treatment method is found when soaking and spraying were used with each other followed by spraying and then soaking individually. Likewise, Se-NPs improve morphological and metabolic indicators and yield significantly compared with infected control. In conclusion, biosynthesized Se-NPs by B. megaterium ATCC 55000 are a promising and effective agent against R. solani damping-off and root rot diseases in Vicia faba as well as plant growth inducer.

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