Arc Envelope Grinding of Non-Axisymmetric Aspheric Surface Using Equal-Envelope Height

2006 ◽  
Vol 532-533 ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Xie ◽  
Wei Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Curve Surface ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Aspheric Surface ◽  
Tool Paths ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Generate Curve ◽  
Grinding Efficiency

An arc envelope grinding method for non-axisymmetric aspheric surface was proposed in order to achieve the mould core used for the precision injection molding of optic reflector. In grinding, the arc-shaped diamond grinding wheel trued on CNC grinder was used to envelope workpiece and generate curve surface, and the spacing distance between tool paths is controlled by the equal-envelope height between wheel and workpiece. In this paper, arc envelope grinding principle was investigated in connection with wheel coordinate calculation and tool path number. The theoretical analysis and grinding experiment showed that arc envelope grinding may improve form grinding efficiency especially for large curvature and smoothness of ground surface and a smooth curve surface can be produced when the equal-envelope height is less than a certain value.

Study on the Behavior of the Cast-Iron Bonded Grinding Wheel to Machining Properties of Hard and Brittle Materials

2007 ◽  
Vol 24-25 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
S.L. Ma ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Cong Rong Zhu ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
H.C. Ye
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Different Grain Size ◽  
Grinding Efficiency ◽  
Machining Properties

Tungsten carbide which is a hard and brittle material was ground by cast-iron bonded diamond wheel with ELID (Electrolytic In-Process Dressing) technique, for the purpose of getting high efficiency, super-precision machining. Three kinds of cast-iron bonded diamond wheels with different grain size were adopted to get different grinding efficiency and surface quality of workpieces. The grinding properties of cast-iron bonded grinding wheels with different grain size and the ground surface quality of tungsten carbide are discussed in this paper. The experiment results indicate that, under the same feeding amount, the grinding efficiency of the wheel with bigger grain size is higher, and it could make the dimension accuracy of the workpiece controllable, but the wheel with smaller grain size could get better ground surface quality. The two grinding phases are decided by the ratio between the size of abrasive grain and the thickness of the oxide layer on the grinding wheel.

A Practical Study on the Surface Integrity of High-Speed Cylindrical Grinding of SiC

2012 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Jia Ming Ni ◽  
Bei Zhi Li ◽  
Jing Zhu Pang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Integrity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Force Model ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Speed Grinding ◽  
Machining Rate ◽  
Grinding Efficiency

In order to reconcile the contradiction between the ceramic grinding efficiency and surface integrity, high-speed grinding with diamond grinding wheel is supposed to be a solution. In this paper, first of all, a normal grinding force model is proposed based on the consideration of the material property and the grinding process parameters. It can be seen that an elevated grinding wheel velocity in combination of a higher workpiece speed can increase the machining rate while maintaining the desired surface integrity. After a series of grinding tests, a comprehensive measurement has been done to study the surface damage by the surface roughness, the microscope profile and the X-ray diffraction. In particular, the effect of the grinding parameters on the ground surface are analyzed and reported.

ELID Grinding Characteristics and Surface Analysis for Micro Fabrication of Advanced Ceramics

2007 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Katahira ◽  
Hitoshi Ohmori
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Spherical Lens ◽  
Elid Grinding ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Centerless Grinding ◽  
Ground Surface Roughness

The present paper describes the highly efficient and precise ELID grinding method and presents a discussion on the ELID grinding process and the grinding characteristics of several kinds of ceramic materials. The following conclusions are obtained; (1) Good ground surface roughness and accuracy are achieved using the #4000 metal-bonded grinding wheel in through-feed centerless grinding for ZrO2 optical fiber ferrules. (2) Efficient and precise grinding of spherical lens molds with cup wheels using the ELID CG-grinding process was proposed and tested in the present study. (3) The ELID grinding method can be used to fabricate machined surfaces exhibiting desirable characteristics for hard AlN ceramics. The ELID ground AlN demonstrated a surface hardness and sliding characteristics that were superior to those of the polished series. These advantages may be attributable to the diffusion phenomenon of the oxygen element produced by the ELID grinding.

Development of Parallel Grinding System of Aspheric Optics

2007 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
L.J. Li ◽  
Fei Hu Zhang ◽  
S. Dong
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Aspheric Surface ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Aspheric Optics ◽  
Profile Accuracy ◽  
Grinding System ◽  
Parallel Grinding

The roughness and profiles accuracy of aspheric surface are two key factors affecting the resolution and other characteristics of optical instruments. In this paper a new grinding system-parallel grinding system was built, and an CNC system controlled by PMAC (programmable multi-axis controller) was developed, the parallel grinding system can realize Arc Envelope Grinding Method (AEGM) only through controlling 2-axis and the wear of wheel was diminished, the tool path calculation was simplified. Using this system, the roughness and profile accuracy of aspheric surface are improved.

Grinding Performance of Permeated Grinding Wheel

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Bin Hu ◽  
Ming Ming Ma
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Solid Lubricant ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Temperature ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Wheel Surface ◽  
Lubrication Film ◽  
Grinding Efficiency

The permeated grinding wheel was a new kind of grinding wheel, which was permeated by the chemical additives and solid lubricant into the interior gaps of the grinding wheel. Therefore, the grinding wheel can form a lubrication film on the surface of the grinding wheel. This grinding wheel has some good features, such as lower grinding temperature, smaller grinding force, higher life of the grinding wheel, and can prevent the adhesion of chip onto the grinding wheel surface. The experimental results indicate that the ground surface quality and grinding efficiency have been remarkably improved for more hard-to-cut materials.

Research on the Roughness Model of Aspheric Surface with Parallel Grinding Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 472-475 ◽  
pp. 2338-2343
Author(s):  
L.J Li ◽  
W.T Bai ◽  
W Sun ◽  
Fei Hu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Aspheric Surface ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Proportional Relation ◽  
Roughness Model ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Parallel Grinding

This paper deals with the roughness forming mechanics of aspheric surface, and based on the subsequent abrasive blade theory, which will form the final ground surface, the mathematical model of maximal valley height of ground surface during aspheric parallel grinding was established. Through simulation study, the influences of grain size, the speed of wheel and workpieces on the aspheric surface roughness were analyzed, and furthermore, through test, the proportional relation between the maximal valley height and the roughness was found.

Study on Edge Contact Area and Surface Integrity of Workpiece in Point Grinding Process

2009 ◽  
Vol 407-408 ◽  
pp. 577-581
Author(s):  
Shi Chao Xiu ◽  
Zhi Jie Geng ◽  
Guang Qi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Edge Contact ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Theoretic Foundations

During cylindrical grinding process, the geometric configuration and size of the edge contact area between the grinding wheel and workpiece have the heavy effects on the workpiece surface integrity. In consideration of the differences between the point grinding and the conventional high speed cylindrical grinding, the geometric and mathematic models of the edge contact area in point grinding were established. Based on the models, the numerical simulation for the edge contact area was performed. By means of the point grinding experiment, the effect mechanism of the edge contact area on the ground surface integrity was investigated. These will offer the applied theoretic foundations for optimizing the point grinding angles, depth of cut, wheel and workpiece speed, geometrical configuration and size of CBN wheel and some other grinding parameters in point grinding process.

scholarly journals Study on the Effect of Grinding Pressure on Material Removal Behavior Performed on a Self-Designed Passive Grinding Simulator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4128
Author(s):  
Peng-Zhan Liu ◽  
Wen-Jun Zou ◽  
Jin Peng ◽  
Xu-Dong Song ◽  
Fu-Ren Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Grinding Temperature ◽  
Grinding Efficiency

Passive grinding is a new rail grinding strategy. In this work, the influence of grinding pressure on the removal behaviors of rail material in passive grinding was investigated by using a self-designed passive grinding simulator. Meanwhile, the surface morphology of the rail and grinding wheel were observed, and the grinding force and temperature were measured during the experiment. Results show that the increase of grinding pressure leads to the rise of rail removal rate, i.e., grinding efficiency, surface roughness, residual stress, grinding force and grinding temperature. Inversely, the enhancement of grinding pressure and grinding force will reduce the grinding ratio, which indicates that service life of grinding wheel decreases. The debris presents dissimilar morphology under different grinding pressure, which reflects the distinction in grinding process. Therefore, for rail passive grinding, the appropriate grinding pressure should be selected to balance the grinding quality and the use of grinding wheel.

Calculation of Effective Ground Depth of Cut by Means of Grinding Process Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takazo Yamada ◽  
Michael N. Morgan ◽  
Hwa Soo Lee ◽  
Kohichi Miura
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Wheel Wear ◽  
Elastic Deformations ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Grinding Machine

In order to obtain the effective depth of cut on the ground surface, a new grinding process model taking into account thermal expansions of the grinding wheel and the workpiece, elastic deformations of the grinding machine, the grinding wheel and the workpiece and the wheel wear was proposed. Using proposed model, the effective depth of cut was calculated using measured results of the applied depth of cut and the normal grinding force.

scholarly journals Performance of Norton Quantum Grinding Wheels

2016 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Neslušan ◽  
Jitka Baďurová ◽  
Anna Mičietová ◽  
Maria Čiliková
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Grinding Forces ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Surface Burn ◽  
Conventional Grinding

This paper deals with cutting ability of progressive Norton Quantum grinding wheel during grinding roll bearing steel 100Cr6 of hardness 61 HRC. Cutting ability of this wheel is compared with conventional grinding wheel and based on measurement of grinding forces as well as surface roughness. Results of experiments show that Norton Quantum grinding wheels are capable of long term grinding cycles at high removal rates without unacceptable occurrence of grinding chatter and surface burn whereas application of conventional wheel can produce excessive vibration and remarkable temper colouring of ground surface. Moreover, while Norton Quantum grinding wheel gives nearly constant grinding forces and surface roughness within ground length at higher removal rates, conventional grinding wheel (as that reported in this study) does not.

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