Preparation of Starch Polyacrylamide Graft Copolymer and its Application in Paper Packaging Material

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 1268-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Xiao Liu ◽  
Wen Cai Xu ◽  
Jin Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Breaking Length

The influences of concentration of initiator, reaction temperature, concentation of monomer and reaction time on the graft rate, the graft efficiency and the monomer conversion rate of starch polyacrylamide graft copolymer were studied by orthogonal trials, and the corresponding optimum conditions were investigated firstly. Then the synthesized starch polyacrylamide graft copolymer was used to treat waste water from the bleaching workshop of one papermaking mill. Finally the first pass retention of furnish to make paper packaging material and the influences of starch polyacrylamide graft copolymer on the mechanical properties of paper packaging material were investigated. It shows that the first pass retention of furnish to make paper packaging material with the increase of dosage of starch polyacrylamide graft copolymer. With the increase of dosage of starch polyacrylamide graft copolymer, the tensile strength, the breaking length of paper packaging material increase, but the tear strength and the folding endurance decrease.

Flexibility Modification of KGM Membranes by Maleic Anhydride

2009 ◽  
Vol 620-622 ◽  
pp. 627-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Xue Gang Luo ◽  
Xiao Yan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Konjac Glucomannan (KGM) was modified by maleic anhydride (MA). The influences of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of KGM films were investigated through orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the effects of pH, temperature and time of KGM swelling on tensile strength and folding endurance of modified KGM membranes were insignificant (F<F0.05). The quantity of MA affected slightly on the tensile strength (F<F0.05), but its effect on the folding endurance was significant (F>F0.01). Folding endurance and tensile strength of KGM membranes could be improved by proper addition of MA. The optimum conditions of KGM modification were that the mixture of KGM and MA was swelling at pH 4.0 and 60°C for 2 h, and then cast on a flat and dried at 50°C to give modified KGM membranes.

Preparation and Application of Starch-Acrylamide-Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride Graft Copolymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 403-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Xiao Liu ◽  
Jin Li Li ◽  
Wen Cai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Dimethyl Ammonium ◽  
Grafting Copolymerization ◽  
Packaging Paper ◽  
Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride

The starch-acrylamide-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride graft copolymer (St-AMDADMAC copolymer) was prepared firstly. Then the synthesized St-AM-DADMAC copolymer was analyzed by FTIR and SEM. Finally the synthesized St-AM-DADMAC copolymers were applied in making packaging paper, the first pass retention and the mechanical properties of the made packaging paper were determined. The FTIR of St-AM-DADMAC copolymer indicated that AM and DADMAC can be grafted in the chain of starch. The SEM of starch and St-AM-DADMAC copolymer indicated that the surface of starch had been changed obviously by grafting copolymerization. The first pass retention increased with the increase of degree of cationic of St- AM-DADMAC copolymer. When the dosage of St-AM-DADMAC copolymer was about 1% and the degree of cationic of St-AM-DADMAC copolymer was about 25.96%, the mechanical properties of the packaging paper were improved best.

Control of Mechanical Properties and Permeability of Electrospun Natural Rubber with Different Composite Systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 93-94 ◽  
pp. 619-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarawuth Sithornkul ◽  
Poonsub Threepopnatkul
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Vapour Permeability ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The electrospun natural rubber (NR) with two different components namely: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and carbon black (CB) have been extensively studied. The main objective was to investigate the mechanical properties and permeability dependency of NR/ABS and NR/CB as well as its contents. NR/CB was compounded by torque rheometer (Brabender) while ABS was dissolved with NR using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as its solvent. Sulfur was used as the vulcanizing agent in both systems. Mechanical properties were evaluated by universal testing machine and permeability was observed by water vapour permeability. The optimum conditions for electrospun NR/ABS and NR/CB non-woven mats were as follows: flow rate 30 ml/h, voltage 15 kV, collector distance 20 cm and collected on rotating circular plate at 1000 rpm. The results of mechanical properties showed that for electrospun NR/CB fiber membranes, the higher the CB loading it had, the lower its tensile strength and elongation it would be. Whilst electrospun NR/ABS fiber mats, the elongation behavior was affected by the ABS loading but not the tensile strength. For permeability, NR/CB was shown to possess relatively higher permeability than the NR/ABS non-woven mats.

scholarly journals Soda-anthraquinone pulping optimization of oil palm empty fruit bunch

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5012-5031
Author(s):  
Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan ◽  
Noorshashillawati Azura Mohammad ◽  
Mazlan Ibrahim ◽  
Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽  
Siti Noorbaini Sarmin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Central Composite

The influence of soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping conditions on paper properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches was studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). The alkali charge, NaOH (A), pulping temperature (T), and pulping time (t) ranged between 20 and 30%, 160 and 180 °C, and 60 and 120 minutes, respectively. The mechanical properties evaluated for the handsheets produced were the tensile index, tearing index, bursting index, folding endurance, zero-span tensile strength, and the optical properties (brightness and opacity). The effects of soda-AQ pulping conditions on oil palm empty fruit bunch paper were elucidated by the regression models obtained. The optimum pulping condition were at 27.3% alkali charge, 160 °C, and 60 min that produced paper properties with 26.8 N.m/g tensile index, 7.95 mN.m2/g tearing index, 5.32 kPa.m2/g bursting index, 1.70 log10 folding endurance, 46.2 N zero-span tensile strength, 51.8% brightness, and 95.8% opacity.

The Molding Technology of Manufacturing Waste Blend Fiber Composites by Mixed Hotpressing

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 699-702
Author(s):  
Li Hua Lv ◽  
Guang Jian Wan ◽  
Yong Ling Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Blend Fiber ◽  
Properties Of Composites

For the waste polyester/cotton/hemp blend fiber of largest abandoned number,this paper designed and optimized the molding technology of manufacturing waste blend waste composites by mixed hotpressing,and analyzed the mechanical properties of composites. Through the orthogonality experiment,the optimum conditions were given as follows:the ratio of waste blend fabrics 1:1,the Concentration of PP 60%,the temperature of hotpressing 185°C，the hotpressing pressure 12Mpa, the hotpressing time 5min. Under above conditions,the composites had the density 0.9326g/cm2,the tensile strength 45.37Mpa, the bending strength 48.31Mpa and the energy absorption of impact 15.32 KJ/m2.

The characterization of high-performance PAN-based carbon fibers developed by continuous carbonization and air oxidation

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1529-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tse-Hao Ko ◽  
Chien-Hung Li ◽  
Chung-Hua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Oxidized Carbon ◽  
Oxidation Behaviors

The properties of four kinds of Type II carbon fibers, which had been precarbonized at 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C, respectively, during two-stage continuous carbonization, were measured after being air oxidized for periods of 1 to 6 min at 550 °C. The effects of precarbonization temperature on mechanical properties, density, morphology, elemental composition, and microstructure of the carbon fibers during the air oxidation are discussed in this article. The precarbonization process strongly affected the surface properties and mechanical properties of the final oxidized carbon fibers. The carbon fibers developed from the different precarbonization temperatures all had different structures. The carbon fibers that had been precarbonized at 300 °C had a more ordered structure than other fibers after air oxidation. These carbon fibers also had a higher performance than the other fibers. Carbon fibers also showed different oxidation behaviors caused by differences in surface morphology resulting from each different precarbonization temperature. Optimum conditions not only improved the tensile strength and modulus, but also increased the density and oxygen content. Experimental results showed that the tensile strength of the carbon fibers precarbonized at 300 °C increased from 2.4 GPa to 4.3 GPa (80%) after 6 min oxidation at 550 °C.

A transparent polyurethane based on nanosilica in reinforcing papers

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Jin ◽  
Yingping Qi ◽  
Yongfeng Shen ◽  
Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Alkali Resistance ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Paper Fibers ◽  
Tearing Strength

AbstractPaper has been the most significant carrier of written information for many centuries. To prolong the life expectancy of papers, the polyurethane based on nanosilica was used to strengthen the paper fibers in this work. The relation between the mass concentration of polyurethane based on nanosilica and the specific properties of papers (e. g., folding endurance, tensile strength, tearing strength, whiteness and glossiness) were investigated. In addition, the effect of polyurethane based on nanosilica on the acid/alkali resistance and ageing resistance were studied. The results showed that polyurethane based on nanosilica could significantly improve the mechanical properties and ageing resistance of papers.

Microwave Synthesis and Application of Cationic Bagasse Hemicelluloses

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 730-735
Author(s):  
Hong Xiang Zhu ◽  
Yu Cai He ◽  
Xiao Bi Jing ◽  
Hak Lae Lee ◽  
Li Zi Li
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Microwave Synthesis ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Breaking Length ◽  
Microwave Time ◽  
Mechanical Strengths ◽  
Bagasse Pulp ◽  
Better Than

Novel microwave synthesis cationic hemicelluloses from sugarcane bagasse were obtained by quaternization with CHMAC using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst in microwave synthesis condition. The parameters including the dosage of hemicellulose/CHMAC, the microwave time and the microwave power were optimized and the extent of quaternization was measured by zeta potential. As paper additive, the effect of cationic hemicellulose on bleached bagasse was researched. Then pulp handsheet properties were studied. The results indicated that adding the cationic hemicellulose could increase paper mechanical strengths, and its effect was better than original bleached bagasse pulp. At the dosage of 0.8% on oven dried pulp, paper tensile index, tensile strength, breaking length, burst index and folding endurance can be increased by 43.79%, 36.95%, 33.11%, 17.35%, 33.33% respectively, much better than the paper without the cationic hemicellulose.

Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

Effect of silver nitrate on some mechanical properties of heat polymerizing acrylic resins

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Assiss. Prof. Dr. Sabiha Mahdi Mahdi ◽  
Dr. Firas Abd K. Abd K.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
The Difference

Aim: The aimed study was to evaluate the influence of silver nitrate on surfacehardness and tensile strength of acrylic resins.Materials and methods: A total of 60 specimens were made from heat polymerizingresins. Two mechanical tests were utilized (surface hardness and tensile strength)and 4 experimental groups according to the concentration of silver nitrate used.The specimens without the use of silver nitrate were considered as control. Fortensile strength, all specimens were subjected to force till fracture. For surfacehardness, the specimens were tested via a durometer hardness tester. Allspecimens data were analyzed via ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results: The addition of silver nitrate to acrylic resins reduced significantly thetensile strength. Statistically, highly significant differences were found among allgroups (P≤0.001). Also, the difference between control and experimental groupswas highly significant (P≤0.001). For surface hardness, the silver nitrate improvedthe surface hardness of acrylics. Highly significant differences were statisticallyobserved between control and 900 ppm group (P≤0.001); and among all groups(P≤0.001)with exception that no significant differences between control and150ppm; and between 150ppm and 900ppm groups(P>0.05).Conclusion: The addition of silver nitrate to acrylics reduced significantly the tensilestrength and improved slightly the surface hardness.

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