Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Strain-Induced Austenite-Ferrite Transformation and Post-Dynamic Kinetics in a Low Carbon Steel

2-D cellular automaton model was developed to simulate the dynamic strain-induced transformation (DSIT) from austenite (γ) to ferrite (α) and the post-dynamic kinetic behavior in a low carbon steel with the purpose of developing a methodology of mesoscopic computer simulation for an improved understanding of the formation of ultra-fine ferrite (UFF) in DSIT and the conservation of this microstructure during the post-deformation period. The predicted microstructure obtained after DSIT was compared with a quenched dual-phase steel. Its microstructure, consisting of fine-grained ferrite and fine islands of retained austenite dispersed in the matrix, were found to be in good agreement with the predictions. The simulated results indicate that the refinement of ferrite grains produced via DSIT can be interpreted in terms ofunsaturatednucleation andlimitedgrowth mechanisms. It is also revealed that continuing transformation from retained austenite to ferrite and the reverse transformation both could take place simultaneously during the post-deformation isothermal holding. A competition between them exists at the early stage of the post-dynamic transformation.

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Fabrication of Ultra-Fine Grained Plain Low Carbon Steel through Dynamic Strain Induced Transformation during Integrated Extrusion Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Journal of Advanced Materials In Engineering ◽

10.18869/acadpub.jame.34.4.73 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 73-85

Author(s):

H. Shokrvash ◽

A. Vajd ◽

M. Shaban Ghazani ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Dynamic Strain ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Angular Pressing

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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Low-Carbon Steel Treated by One-Step Quenching and Partitioning Process

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.202 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1082 ◽

pp. 202-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shu Yan ◽

Xiang Hua Liu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Microstructural Evolution ◽

Retained Austenite ◽

Uniform Elongation ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Total Elongation ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Quenching And Partitioning ◽

Partitioning Time

A low carbon steel was treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process, and a detailed characterization of the microstructural evolution and testing of mechanical properties were carried out. The resulted mechanical properties indicate that with the partitioning time increasing, the tensile strength decreases rapidly first and then remains stable, and the total elongation increases first then decreases. The investigated steel subjected to Q&P process exhibits excellent products of strength and elongation (17.8-20.6 GPa•%). The microstructural evolution of martensite matrix during the partitioning step was observed, and the morphology and content of retained austenite were characterized. The working hardening behavior of the samples was analyzed, and the retained austenite with higher carbon content contributes to the uniform elongation more effectively.

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Numerical simulation of dynamic strain-induced austenite–ferrite transformation in a low carbon steel

Acta Materialia ◽

10.1016/j.actamat.2009.03.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 2956-2968 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Chengwu Zheng ◽

Namin Xiao ◽

Luhan Hao ◽

Dianzhong Li ◽

Yiyi Li

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Dynamic Strain ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Ferrite Transformation

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The Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel in Simulated Geothermal Media

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch9851133 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 1133 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

BG Pound ◽

MH Abdurrahman ◽

MP Glucina ◽

GA Wright ◽

RM Sharp

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Corrosion Rate ◽

Stainless Steels ◽

Polarization Resistance ◽

Iron Sulfide ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Passive Films ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Corrosion Rates ◽

Good Agreement

The corrosion rates of low-carbon steel, and 304, 316 and 410/420 stainless steels in simulated geothermal media containing hydrogen sulfide have been measured by means of the polarization resistance technique. Good agreement was found between weight-loss and polarization resistance measurements of the corrosion rate for all the metals tested. Carbon steel formed a non-adherent film of mackinawite (Fe1 + xS). The lack of protection afforded to the steel by the film resulted in an approximately constant corrosion rate. The stainless steels also exhibited corrosion rates that were independent of time. However, the 410 and 420 alloys formed an adherent film consisting mainly of troilite ( FeS ) which provided only limited passivity. In contrast, the 304 and 316 alloys appeared to be essentially protected by a passive film which did not seem to involve an iron sulfide phase. However, all the stainless steels, particularly the 410 and 420 alloys, showed pitting, which indicated that some breakdown of the passive films occurred.

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Corrosion Behavior of Al-Si-Cr-Cu Bearing Low Carbon Steel in A Cyclic Dry/Wet Laboratory Test

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1017 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79-82 ◽

pp. 1017-1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hui Shu Zhang ◽

Dong Ping Zhan ◽

Song Lian Bai ◽

Zhou Hua Jiang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Rust Layer ◽

Electrochemical Behaviors ◽

Corrosion Rates ◽

The Matrix ◽

Corrosion Behaviors

The corrosion behaviors of Al-Si-Cr-Cu bearing low carbon steel and a reference steel Q235 were tested in a cyclic dry/wet environment containing 0.01mol/L NaHSO3 in laboratory. Rust layers were observed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and XRD. The electrochemical behaviors of the steels were studied on the polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that after 120h corrosion test, the annual corrosion rates of the designed steels reduce 42 % than Q235 at least. The corrosion products are generally iron oxyhydroxides and oxides such as FeOOH, γ-FeOOH, α-FeOOH, γ-Fe2O3, Fe3O4. The α-FeOOH possesses good stabilization mainly exits and can improve the corrosion resistance. There are the enrichments of Cu, Cr, Si and Al in the rust layer close to the matrix, which make the rust layer be more compact and protected. The corrosion currents of the two designed steels are lower than that of Q235, the corrosion potentials are higher than that of Q235 after Tafel fitting. The rust layer impedances of the designed steels are higher than that of Q235.

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The Initial Life and Short Crack Propagation Life for Low Carbon Steel Based on Dislocation Method

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1145.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1145 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Yuan Long Yang ◽

Qing Chun Meng ◽

Wei Ping Hu

Keyword(s):

Fatigue Life ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Crack Propagation ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Short Crack ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Grain Sizes ◽

Steel Material ◽

The Relationship ◽

Good Agreement

In the paper, the relationship between the grain size and fatigue life are studied. To specify the initial and short crack propagation life of low carbon steel material, three methods are used in the simulation. At first, the K. Tanaka’s model is introduced to calculate the fatigue life of a grain. Then, the Voronoi Diagram is used to generate the microstructure of grains. At last, a criteria to specify the short crack is proposed. Based on these methods, the numerical simulation is conducted. With the help of the process, the grain sizes are generated randomly in order to specify how grain sizes effect fatigue life. The computational results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the randomness of fatigue life is closely related to the randomness of grain sizes.

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Quantitative Description of External Force Induced Phase Transformation in Silicon–Manganese (Si–Mn) Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) Steels

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12223781 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 3781

Author(s):

Zhongping He ◽

Huachu Liu ◽

Zhenyu Zhu ◽

Weisen Zheng ◽

Yanlin He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Transformation ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Trip Steel ◽

Retained Austenite ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

High Strength ◽

High Plasticity ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Transformation Induced Plasticity ◽

Trip Steels

Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels with silicon–manganese (Si–Mn) as the main element have attracted a lot of attention and great interest from steel companies due to their low price, high strength, and high plasticity. Retained austenite is of primary importance as the source of high strength and high plasticity in Si–Mn TRIP steels. In this work, the cold rolled sheets of Si–Mn low carbon steel were treated with TRIP and Dual Phase (DP) treatment respectively. Then, the microstructure and composition of the Si–Mn low carbon steel were observed and tested. The static tensile test of TRIP steel and DP steel was carried out by a CMT5305 electronic universal testing machine. The self-built true stress–strain curve model of TRIP steel was verified. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the phase transformation energy of retained austenite and the work borne by austenite in the sample during static stretching were calculated. The work done by austenite was 14.5 J, which was negligible compared with the total work of 217.8 J. The phase transformation energy absorption of retained austenite in the sample was 9.12 J. The role of retained austenite in TRIP steel is the absorption of excess energy at the key place where the fracture will occur, thereby increasing the elongation, so that the ferrite and bainite in the TRIP steel can absorb energy for a longer time and withstand more energy.

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