Effect of Corn Starch and Potato Starch as the Pore Forming Agent to the Structure of Porous Cordierite

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
Hasmaliza Mohamad ◽  
Yu Min Lim
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Porous Cordierite

Porous cordierite is an advanced ceramic which is popular for its interesting properties such as excellent thermal stability, high refractoriness and low dielectric constant. In this study, samples have been prepared by the mixture of aluminium nitrate nonahydrate, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), ethanol and nitric acid through sol-gel route. Corn and potato starch were used as pore forming agent. The amount of pore forming agent added was varied according to their weight percent (5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt% and 20wt%). The solution was then dried in oven at 90°C before sintered at 1350°C. Particle size analyzer was used to characterize the properties of pore forming agents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were done on the produced samples. XRD results proved that all the samples produced were pure α-cordierite without the presence of other impurity or pore forming agent. From SEM results, samples using potato starch as the pore forming agent have pore size larger than corn starch due to the larger particle size of potato starch. Majority of the samples show interconnectivity among pores. The pore shape produced by potato starch is in prolate shape whereas for corn starch is in polyhedral shape.

scholarly journals Structure and Property Investigation of Composite ZnO/SnO2Nanocrystalline Particles after High-Pressure Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Zhenya ◽  
Deng Yundi ◽  
Zhang Weiying
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Photocatalytic Property ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Pressure Treatment ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
High Pressure Treatment ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Transmission Electron

Composite ZnO/SnO2nanocrystalline particles (ZnO/SnO2) were synthesized by sol-gel method and with treatment of high pressure at 6 GPa. The crystallinity and the particle size of the prepared samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The results indicated that all the samples had the good crystallinity, and the particle size of ZnO and ZnO/SnO2decreased after high-pressure treatment. The infrared (IR) spectra showed that the distance of crystal lattice was shortened after high-pressure treatment, and the size distribution became more uneven afterSnO2doping. With the high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), we got some morphology information and evidence to support the IR and XRD analysis results. The results of ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectra showed that ZnO/SnO2might improve the photocatalytic property of the samples after high-pressure treatment.

Effect of Cobalt Content on the Structural Properties of Zirconia Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Indah Ciptasari ◽  
Adri Nora ◽  
Lutviasari Nuraini ◽  
Lusiana ◽  
Nono Darsono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method

Zirconia (ZrO2) powders doped with cobalt were prepared by sol-gel method using inorganic salt of zirconium (IV) chloride (ZrCl4) as precursor. The amount of cobalt was varied in the range of 4–16% weight percent to study the effect to structural properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggested the resulting phases were zirconium oxide (Baddeleyite) with monoclinic crystal system along with cobalt oxide as secondary phase. The increasing cobalt content caused the XRD peaks to shift into lower angle due to substitution of Zr atom to smaller Co atom in crystal lattice. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed the samples with higher Co content had smoother surface. Generally, the microstructures of Co doped zirconia powders consisted of large agglomerates with small particles on the surface.

Influence of Citric Acid on the Formation of Hydroxyapatite Powders by Using Ca(NO3)2-P2O5 Ethanol Solution System

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 1248-1252
Author(s):  
Qing Chang ◽  
Hong Qiang Ru ◽  
Liang Yu ◽  
Ji Guang Li
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution System ◽  
Ca Addition ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this study, nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) powders were synthesized via a simple sol-gel method using Ca(NO3)2•4H2O and P2O5 as starting materials. Two different precursors, with and without citric acid (CA), were prepared. The transformation process of HA from precursors, purity and particle size of the obtained HA powders were evaluated. HA derived from the precursor with CA showed a different transformation process from that without CA. It was observed that the content of CaO as an unavoidable major impurity was reduced due to the addition of CA. In the calcined powders from the CA-free precursor, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed an intense CaO peak. For the calcined powders from the CA-addition precursor, XRD analysis showed a very weak CaO peak. It was also found that the synthesized HA powders from precursor with CA were finer than those without CA. The mechanism of the influence of CA on the formation, purity and particle size distribution of HA powders was discussed.

Porous Cordierite Synthesized Using Corn Starch

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hasmaliza ◽  
Yu Min Lim ◽  
Ibrahim Norfadhilah
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sintered Sample ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Closed Porosity ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
Polyhedral Shape ◽  
Porous Cordierite ◽  
Interconnected Pores

Cordierite (2MgO.2Al2O3.5SiO2) is an advanced ceramic which is popular for its high melting temperature and high resistance to thermal, chemical and corrosion and also low dielectric constant. The use of various structure of cordierite especially porous structure became more popular where its properties can be tailored by controlling the open and closed porosity, cell size distribution and cell morphology. In this study, porous cordierite was synthesized using sol gel method with addition of corn starch (5wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt% and 20 wt %) as pore forming agent. Characterizations have done using scanning electron microscope (SEM) show that the corn starch used is polyhedral shape with pore size between 6-7 μm. Whereas SEM analysis on sintered sample shows that the porosity obtained ranging from 13 to 46 % with interconnected pores.

scholarly journals Investigating the Physical Properties of Sintered Alumina in the Presence of MgO Nanopowder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Dadkhah ◽  
Abdollah Saboori ◽  
Majid Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Transmission Electron

Magnesium oxide nanopowder is synthesized using magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and oxalic acid as precursors via the sol-gel method. In order to investigate the effect of magnesia nanopowders on the physical properties of sintered alumina, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt% of MgO are added to alumina. The prepared specimens were sintered at 1570°C for 4 hours under an inert atmosphere. The morphology and size of nanopowders were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Structural analysis was investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Outcomes show that by increasing the percentage of MgO, spinel phase (MgAl2O4) has been formed in the structure of alumina. During the sintering process, spinel phase diffused through the grain boundaries and pinned the grain boundaries which led to decrease in grain sizes. So, by decreasing the grain size, the physical properties of sintered alumina have improved.

Formation Mechanisms of Sol-Gel Derived Cordierite

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
E. Tkalcec ◽  
H. Ivankovic ◽  
J. Macan ◽  
A. Hriberski
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Gel Technique

Gels with cordierite stoichiometry, Mg2Al4Si5O18, were prepared by sol-gel technique using three different starting aluminum sources: nano-sized γ-Al2O3, aluminium nitrate nonahydrate and Al-sec-butoxide, as aluminum sources, using tetraetoxysilane (TEOS) and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate in all three gels as sources for silicon and magnesium. The influence of Al-precursors on formation mechanism and sintering behavior of gels was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dilatometry. Gels calcined at 700°C were characterized by different specific surface area, pore sizes and different crystallization sequences. For gel with nano-sized γ-Al2O3 α-cordierite was formed at 1220°C through intermediate MgAl2O4 phase. If aluminum was introduced as Al-sec-butoxide μ-cordierite crystallized in two steps (760 and 1070°C) and the transformation μ-cordierite→α-cordierite occurred at 1250°C. When Al(NO3)3·9H2O was introduced as intermediate phase crystallized MgAl2O4 at ~870°C and μ- cordierite at ~950°C. Both phases reacted with amorphous silica forming α-cordierite at ~1210°C. Compacts prepared from gels with aluminum-nitrates and Al-sec-butoxide, respectively, sintered between 700 and 1000°C, whereas the gel derived from γ-Al2O3 sintered in two steps; between 700- 1000°C and 1010 and 1250°C.

Properties of Nanocrystalline Nickel Particles in Ni-Si0 2 Composites

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 581-588
Author(s):  
G. Ennas ◽  
A. Falquri ◽  
G. Piccaluga ◽  
S. Solinas ◽  
D. Gatteschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Nickel Particle ◽  
Nickel Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Nickel Particles

Nickel-Silica nanocomposites with a nickel content equal to 10, 15, 20 wt% have been prepared by a sol-gel method starting from ethanolic solutions of tetraethoxysilane and nickel nitrate hexahydrate. After selation the samples were reduced in H-> flow at selected temperature (450 °C < T < 600 °C). The morphological, structural and magnetic properties were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), wide and small angle X-ray scattering (WAXS, SAXS), magnetic susceptibility in zero field cooled and field cooled mode (ZFC and FC), and magnetic hysteresis loop. Nanometric nickel particles are observed in all the investigated samples. TEM, WAXS and SAXS techniques indicate that the average nickel particle size grows slightly but almost regularly with the nickel concentration. TEM results moreover indicate that also the width of the particle size distribution, which can be simulated by log-normal functions, follows this trend. All the sample treated in hydrogen show superparamagnetic behaviour. The magnetisation falls to reach saturation up to highest measuring field of 70 kOe even at 3 K, while the observed coercivity Hc is much higher than the theoretical bulk one. Some uncertainty in the complete interpretation of the sequence of magnetic measurements is attributed to a progressive oxidation of the samples when these are air exposed.

Modified Sol-Gel Production of Nano SDC20 Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 938 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
S. Ramesh ◽  
K.C. James Raju ◽  
C. Vishnuvardhan Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The production of high purity samarium doped ceria (SDC20, Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ) nanopowders by modified sol-gel process using maltose and pectin as organic precursors. Around, 6 nm particle size can be obtained after calcination of the as synthesized (pre dried) gel at 500 °C for 2 h. Rietveld refinement of Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirms the cubic structure with single phase. Chemical composition of SDC20 is in good agreement with EDX measurements. TEM and XRD analysis indicate the influence of sintering temperature on particle size, which increases with increasing temperature. This modified sol-gel process is a non-toxic and environmentally friendly for large-scale production of high purity nanopowders.

scholarly journals Modification in Structural, Morphological, Magnetic and Ferroelectric Properties of Calcium-Doped Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Nushrat Naushin ◽  
Sadi Md Shahriar ◽  
Oishy Roy ◽  
Ahmed Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Bismuth Ferrite ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current Characteristics ◽  
Limiting Value

The structural, morphological, magnetic and ferroelectric properties of calcium (Ca) doped bismuth ferrite (BFO) synthesized using a sol-gel method were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis followed by Rietveld refinement revealed the lattice distortion of BFO after doping with 6% and 8% Ca. This also led to the reduction in particle size by creating oxygen vacancies, which was observed from the surface morphology using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The Magnetic properties exhibited some enhancements in saturation magnetization when the particle size was near a limiting value. The reduction in the coercive magnetic field with the increase in dopant concentration was also evident from the M-H hysteresis loop measured by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The Ferroelectric P-E hysteresis loop exhibited an increased symmetry in the hysteresis loop and increase in the polarization with the increase in %Ca. The 8% Ca doped BFO exhibited an incomplete saturation in the hysteresis loop and was evident to exhibit leakage current characteristics. Journal of Engineering Science 11(1), 2020, 123-131

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-doped titania nanomaterials of homogeneous particle size

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Diyana Zainal ◽  
Hadi Nur ◽  
Lee Siew Ling
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Homogeneous Particle ◽  
Tio2 Nanomaterials ◽  
Doped Titania

Modification of sol-gel method was used to synthesize homogeneous particle size nitrogen-doped titania (N-TiO2) nanomaterials using tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) as N source. XRD analysis showed that these N-TiO2 (1-5 % N concentration) crystallined in anatase structure. The crystallinity of the samples decreased with increasing of N content. The calculation using Scherrer equation showed that the particle size of the synthesized N-TiO2 ranged 15.02 - 26.85 nm, strongly suggesting attainment of nanomaterials. DR UV-Vis results indicated that the band gap energy of 5% N doped TiO2 was only 2.58 eV, implying the sample could be a potential photocatalyst under visible light irradiation.  Homogeneous particle size of the synthesized nanomaterials was evidenced through FESEM images. Meanwhile, the EDX analysis confirmed the homogenous distribution of elements Ti, N and O in 5% N doped titania sample. 

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