Evaluation of Bentonite Clay Type in the Chocobofe Zinc Adsorption in Finite Bath System

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
J.V. do N. Silva ◽  
Janaína Rafaella Scheibler ◽  
M.G.F. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Smectite Clays ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Adsorption Of Nitrogen ◽  
Percentage Removal

In this work the smectite clays Chocobofe from the state of Paraíba was investigated to evaluate their affinity and capacity for removal of zinc using a finite bath system. The clay was characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Infrared Spectroscopy in the Region (IV) and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and Physical Adsorption of Nitrogen (BET method). A 22 factorial design was conducted with three center points in a finite bath system to determine the percentage removal (% Rem) and removability (qeq) of the clay. Values of 83.35 to 98.83% and the percentage removal from 3.83 to 4.24 mg / g removal were achieved in experiments, indicating that the use of clay Chocobofe appears as a promising alternative to remove of Zn2+

Potential Evaluation of Gray Clay as Adsorbent of Heavy Metals Zinc (II) and Lead (II)

2014 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 622-627
Author(s):  
Wellington Siqueira Lima ◽  
José Vanderley Nascimento Silva ◽  
Aline Cadigna Lima Patrício ◽  
Guilherme Costa Oliveira ◽  
Meiry Glaúcia Freire Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Of Nitrogen ◽  
Potential Evaluation ◽  
Good Percentage

The problems caused by contamination of heavy metals generate a growing need to implement technologies to reduce or eliminate them. This work aims to evaluate the potential of gray clay, the process of removal of zinc and lead from synthetic effluents in finite bath system. The clay was characterized by: X-ray diffraction, X-ray Spectroscopy Energy Dispersive and Physical Adsorption of Nitrogen. The tests were performed finite bath following a 22 factorial design, with the variables: pH and initial concentrations of metal. The clays were evaluated for their removal capacity and rate of metal removal. After the characterization and evaluation, it was found that the gray clay comprises clay of the groups of kaolinite and mica. The results of the factorial design shown that the adsorption of the metals zinc and lead can be developed with good percentage of removal.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Natural and HDTMA-Br Modified Dijah-Monkin Bentonite Clay: FTIR, XRF, XRD and SEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2010-2018
Author(s):  
Olukayode Gideon Oloyede ◽  
◽  
Umar Omeiza Aroke ◽  
Saidat Olanipekun Giwa ◽  
Alexander Asanja Jock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Basal Spacing ◽  
Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
North East ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, Dijah-Monkin bentonite clay was modified with a cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA-Br) at the level of twice the cation exchange capacity (CEC). This process results in the development of hydrophobic organoclay with an improved adsorption capacity. The clay obtained from Zing LGA Taraba State, North-East Nigeria, was beneficiated and pulverised to a particle size of 125 µm. The modification was performed without acid activation to prevent damages to the clay’s crystal structure. The organoclay was characterised for chemical composition, functional groups, mineralogical and surface morphology using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The XRD showed an increase in the basal spacing from 15.681Å to 17.758 Å, while the XRF revealed a 5.35% concentration of Br on the modified clay, indicating successful intercalation. The FTIR spectra also revealed the appearance of symmetric and asymmetric stretching bands at 2847.7cm-1 and 2914.8cm-1, respectively, as a consequence of the modification, resulting in more sites for adsorption.

Synthesis of Ni-Mo-W Sulfide Nanorods as Catalyst for Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6406-6413 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Paraguay-Delgado ◽  
R. García-Alamilla ◽  
J. A. Lumbreras ◽  
E. Cizniega ◽  
G. Alonso-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Precursor ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Adsorption Of Nitrogen ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron

Two trimetallic sulfurs, MoWNiS and MoWSNi, were synthesized to be used as a catalyst in hydrodesulfurization reactions. The mixed oxide mesoporous nanostructured MoO3-WO3 with an Mo:W atomic ratio of 1:1 was used as the precursor. The first catalyst was prepared by impregnating nickel in the oxide precursor and then subsequent sulfiding with an H2S/H2 mix at 400 °C for 2 hours. The second catalyst was prepared by sulfiding the precursor and then impregnating the nickel, and finally reducing the material with a H2/N2 at 350 °C. In both catalysts the Mo:W:Ni atomic ratio was maintained at 1:1:0.5. The materials obtained were characterized by physical adsorption of nitrogen, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the materials obtained were evaluated by a dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfuration reaction. The diffraction patterns show that both materials are polycrystalline and mainly of MoS2 and WS2 phases.

Adsorption Removal of Ni(II) from Aqueous Solution by Raw and Acid-Activated Kaolinite

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2269-2272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Yong Wei ◽  
Xu Hong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Langmuir Model ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Removal ◽  
Adsorption Data

X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen physical adsorption, potentiometric titrations and batch adsorption experiments were employed to characterize the crystal structure, micromorphologies and surface properties of raw kaolinite (RKao) and acid-activated kaolinite (AAKao). Compared to RKao, the particle size of AAKao became smaller, but the specific surface area (SSA), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and surface negative charge at pH 5.5 increased. The adsorption capacity (qmax) for Ni (II) of RKao and AAKao was 3.25 mg/g and 5.09 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption data for Ni (II) by RKao and AAKao could be fitted by Langmuir model (R2 =0.991 and 0.989, respectively).

scholarly journals Influence of the purification of bentonite clay from new deposits in the state of Paraíba-Brazil for use in water-based drilling fluids

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (372) ◽  
pp. 538-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. S. Pereira ◽  
V. C. Silva ◽  
J. F. Duarte Neto ◽  
G. A. Neves ◽  
H. C. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
The State ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Filtration Properties

Abstract Bentonite clay is used all around the world as an additive in drilling fluids. However, impurities present in this material can compromise the compatibility of the clay-fluid system. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of the purification of bentonite samples from new deposits in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, in order to make them usable in water-based drilling fluids. The samples were first purified by centrifugation, and their characteristics were determined using the following techniques: laser granulometry, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, cation exchange capacity, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis. After these determinations, the polycationic clay samples were made sodic through the addition of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in the proportion of 125 meq/100 g of dry clay. The rheological and filtration properties (apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and filtrate volume) were then tested. The results showed that the purification process was efficient for removing accessory minerals such as quartz, iron, and carbonates. With regard to rheological and filtration properties, the results following centrifugation showed that the material can be suitable for use in water-based drilling fluids.

scholarly journals Multi-metals column adsorption of lead(II), cadmium(II) and manganese(II) onto natural bentonite clay

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2232-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jock Asanja Alexander ◽  
Abdulsalam Surajudeen ◽  
El-Nafaty Usman Aliyu ◽  
Aroke Umar Omeiza ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Column Adsorption ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The present work was aimed at evaluating the multi-metals column adsorption of lead(II), cadmium(II) and manganese(II) ions onto natural bentonite. The bentonite clay adsorbent was characterized for physical and chemical properties using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and cation exchange capacity. The column performance was evaluated using adsorbent bed height of 5.0 cm, with varying influent concentrations (10 mg/L and 50 mg/L) and flow rates (1.4 mL/min and 2.4 mL/min). The result shows that the breakthrough time for all metal ions ranged from 50 to 480 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at initial concentration of 10 mg/L and flow rate of 1.4 mL/min, with 2.22 mg/g of lead(II), 1.71 mg/g of cadmium(II) and 0.37 mg/g of manganese(II). The order of metal ions removal by natural bentonite is lead(II) > cadmium(II) > manganese(II). The sorption performance and the dynamic behaviour of the column were predicted using Adams–Bohart, Thomas, and Yoon–Nelson models. The linear regression analysis demonstrated that the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models fitted well with the column adsorption data for all metal ions. The natural bentonite was effective for the treatment of wastewater laden with multi-metals, and the process parameters obtained from this work can be used at the industrial scale.

Structural and Thermomechanical Evaluation of Bionanocomposites Obtained from Biodegradable Polymers with a Organoclay

2014 ◽  
Vol 775-776 ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Costa da Silva ◽  
Sara Verusca de Oliveira ◽  
Edcleide Maria Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Smectite Clays ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Heat Deflection Temperature ◽  
Salt Systems

In this study bionanocomposites were prepared from biodegradable polymer matrices such as poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and PBAT/PLA blend commercially known as Ecovio®, with abundant smectite clays in Paraíba and modified (OMMT) with Praepagen quaternary ammonium salt. Systems with PLA and with the blends of PBAT/PLA were prepared with addition of bentonite clay at a concentration of 3wt.%. in a twin screw corrotational extruder. The systems containing PLA/OMMT and blend of PBAT/PLA/OMMT were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT). From the diffractograms of bionanocomposites PLA/OMMT and PBAT/PLA/ OMMT it was observed a probably microcomposite structure. It was also observed that the HDT of PBA/PLA/OMMT and the blend of PBAT/PLA bionanocomposites was lower in relation to pure PLA and its PLA/OMMT bionanocomposite.

scholarly journals Influence of reactivity and mineralogical composition on instability due to the disintegration of shales from Paraíba and Ceará States, Brazil

Cerâmica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (375) ◽  
pp. 400-406
Author(s):  
C. A. Leal ◽  
M. N. C. Brunet ◽  
L. V. Amorim ◽  
H. L. Lira ◽  
F. C. C. Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Abstract This work aimed to correlate the reactivity and mineralogical composition of shales to their disintegration. To accomplish this, five samples of shale from Rio do Peixe Basin and Araripe Basin, located in the Brazilian States of Paraíba and Ceará, respectively, were characterized. A sample of industrialized bentonite clay was used as a reference to provide a comparison. Characterization was performed through cation exchange capacity, particle size analysis, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffraction. Disintegration tests were performed according to the American Petroleum Institute standards in the presence of deionized water, aqueous potassium citrate solution, and drilling fluid. The results suggested that samples presenting no reactive clay mineral content may be unstable and the higher the reactivity of the samples to aqueous fluids does not necessarily imply a higher level of disintegration. This demonstrated that different mechanisms not associated with clay swelling may assume greater or lesser relevance on the instability of a formation.

Ball-Milled Graphite-Tin Composite Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery

2012 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Rana ◽  
Anjan Sil ◽  
Subrata Ray
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Composite Anode ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Initial Discharge ◽  
Lithium Ion Cell

Lithium alloying compounds as an anode materials have been a focused for high capacity lithium ion battery due to their highenergy capacity and safety characteristics. Here we report on the preparation of graphite-tin composite by using ball-milling in liquid media. The composite material has been characterized by scanning electron microscope, energy depressive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra. The lithium-ion cell made from graphite-tin composite presented initial discharge capacity of 1065 mAh/g and charge capacity 538 mAh/g, which becomes 528 mAh/g in the second cycle. The composite of graphite-tin with higher capacity compared to pristine graphite is a promising alternative anode material for lithium-ion battery.

A Novel Hydroxyapatite Carrier for Enrichment of Hydrocarbon Degradation Bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1914-1917
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Zhen Yi Zhang ◽  
Xiao Shan Ning ◽  
Guang He Li
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bacterial Enrichment ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, a novel and highly efficient hydroxyapatite (HA) carrier for cultivating hydrocarbon degradation bacteria (HDB) is introduced. The HA particles synthesized through a sol-gel method and different heat treatments were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET method. The microbial amount and activities of HDB cultivated on HA carriers were quantitatively investigated in order to assess their enriching capabilities. The results showed that HA synthesized at 550°C and the one without calcination could enrich HDB 3 and 2 magnitude orders more than the activated carbon, respectively. Mechanisms of bacterial enrichment on HA and activated carbon were also studied, and it is believed that the high bioactivity and the surface morphology of HA were responsible for the efficient reproduction of HDB. It is concluded that HA is a potential candidate to replace the conventionally used activated carbon as a novel carrier applied in the filed of bioremediation for oil contaminated soil.

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