Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of Cu-20Ni-20Mn Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 850 ◽  
pp. 773-777
Author(s):  
Wei Bin Xie ◽  
Qiang Song Wang ◽  
Guo Liang Xie ◽  
Xu Jun Mi ◽  
Dong Mei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Microstructure Evolution ◽  
Hot Forging ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Solution Treated

The influence of solution treatment on microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of Cu-20Ni-20Mn alloy was investigated by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and hardness test. The results revealed that both solution temperature and holding time had effect on the grain growth behavior. The grain growth activation energy was determined by grain size of Cu-20Ni-20Mn alloy for different heat treatment temperatures and periods. With increasing temperature of solution treatment, the second phase is gradually dissolved into the Cu-rich matrix, and the lattice parameter of the matrix solution treated at 1173K for 0.5 h was about 3.668 Å. The hardness of the solution-treated alloy was lower than that of hot forging, and the hardness value decreased with the increase of solution temperature, which may be attributed to grain size. The hardening ability, corresponding to the Hall-Petch relationship, decreased linearly with D-1/2.

Effect of Solution Treatment on Second Phase Dissolution for an Al-9.2Zn-2.0Mg-1.9Cu Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 321-326
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Liu ◽  
Kai Wen ◽  
Xi Wu Li ◽  
Zhi Hui Li ◽  
Li Zhen Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Phase Dissolution ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
The Matrix

The second phase dissolution of Al-9.2Zn-2.0Mg-1.9Cu alloy conducted by various temperatures of 2h was researched with the help of optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electrical conductivity and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The results gave rise to the second phase existence of Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 and Fe-containing phases in the as-extruded alloy. When the alloy solution treated with a temperature varied from 450°C to 470°C, a small quantity of Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase still existed in the alloy while its content exhibited a decrement trend with the solution temperature rose. For the alloy solution treated at a temperature of 475°C, Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase dissolved into the matrix completely while Fe-containing phase still remained. The electrical conductivity of quenched alloy decrease with the solution temperature increase and reached a minimum value at 470°C, and then rose slightly for the solution temperature of 475°C.

scholarly journals The Formation of 14H-LPSO in Mg–9Gd–2Y–2Zn–0.5Zr Alloy during Heat Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5758
Author(s):  
Yunfang Liu ◽  
Yaqin Yang ◽  
Ming Yi ◽  
Jianmin Yu ◽  
Baocheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Lpso Phase

There is a new long-period stacking ordered structure in Mg–RE–Zn magnesium alloys, namely the LPSO phase, which can effectively improve the yield strength, elongation, and corrosion resistance of Mg alloys. According to different types of Mg–RE–Zn alloy systems, two transformation modes are involved in the heat treatment transformation process. The first is the alloy without LPSO phase in the as-cast alloy, and the MgxRE phase changes to 14H-LPSO phase. The second is the alloy containing LPSO phase in the as-cast state, and the 14H-LPSO phase is obtained by the transformations of 6H, 18R, and 24R. The effects of different solution parameters on the second phase of Mg–9Gd–2Y–2Zn–0.5Zr alloy were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The precipitation mechanism of 14H-LPSO phase during solution treatment was further clarified. At a solution time of 13 h, the grain size increased rapidly initially and then decreased slightly with increasing solution temperature. The analysis of the volume fraction of the second phase and lattice constant showed that Gd and Y elements in the alloy precipitated from the matrix and formed 14H-LPSO phase after solution treatment at 490 °C for 13 h. At this time, the hardness of the alloy reached the maximum of 74.6 HV. After solution treatment at 500 °C for 13 h, the solid solution degree of the alloy increases, and the grain size and hardness of the alloy remain basically unchanged.

Effect of Solution Temperature on Grain Size in a Mg-4Y-3Nd-3Dy-0.5Zr Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Jun Ying Yi ◽  
Zhi Liang Ning ◽  
Dian Wei Yang ◽  
Hong Xue Zhang ◽  
Hai Chao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Eutectic Phase ◽  
Solution Time ◽  
Growth Exponent ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Fine Dispersion ◽  
Average Grain Size

The effects of solution treatment on the grain size and microstructures of an Mg-4Y-3Nd-3Nd-0.5Zr alloy were investigated. Grain size increased slowly when treated at 500 oC and 525 oC, showing that the hindering effect of eutectic phase on grain growth can be ignored. The fitting relationship equations for average grain size vs. solution timehare=49.92t0.15and=45.44t0.15, respectively. When the solution temperature was increased to 550 oC, the fine dispersion phases was dissolved gradually, leading to a rapidly increase in grain size. The fitting relationship equations for vs.his=39.69t049.The grain growth exponent n at 550 oC is far higher than those at 500 oC and 525 oC.

Main Alloying Influence on Second Phase Dissolution during Solution Treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Liu ◽  
Kai Wen ◽  
Wei Cai Ren ◽  
Xi Wu Li ◽  
Yong An Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Phase Dissolution ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Residual Phase ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Second Phases

Second phase dissolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys during solution treatment was closely associated with the content of main alloying elements. In present work, the phase characteristics of several Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with various main alloying contents were investigated, and the second phase dissolution of these alloys during solution treatment was analyzed. The results showed that the extrusion alloys possessed abundant second phases, mainly including Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase and Fe-rich particles. The DSC analysis proved that the larger endothermic peak corresponded to the alloy with larger main alloying content, and the XRD spectrogram also backed up the advantage of Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase. After solution treated at 450°C, the residual phases remained in the alloys and the quantity of them were positively correlated with the main alloying content. With the increase of solution temperature, the electrical conductivity of the alloys showed a decremental trend, while the alloys with relatively low main alloying contents exhibited an inversion at the solution temperature of 475°C. The SEM observation demonstrated that no Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase was observed in the alloys with relatively low main alloying contents while seldom still remained in the alloy with high main alloying content after solution treated at 470°C. After solution treated at 475°C, Mg(Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase completely dissolved into the matrix for the alloy with high main alloying content. The statistics of residual phase quantity also proved this.

scholarly journals Kinetics of grain growth in Ti-2.7Al-5.7Fe-6Mo-6V alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
T.D. Mutava ◽  
L.A. Cornish ◽  
I. Sigalas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Beta Transus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Kinetics Of

The metastable (?Ti) alloy Ti-2.7Al-5.7Fe-6Mo-6V (wt%) was produced by semi-centrifugal casting of blended elemental powders. The phases were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and overall composition was measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The beta transus was determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and optical microscopy. The cast alloys were annealed at different temperatures under argon, up to 900oC, where they were in the solution-treated state, and the solution-treated alloys were aged between 400oC and 600oC. The kinetics of grain growth during heat treatment of the as-cast and solution-treated alloys was investigated by metallography, using the grain intercept method. Grain growth depended on whether the matrix was (?Ti) or (?Ti), and on the competing precipitate dissolution, or nucleation and growth processes. The as-cast alloy had a mean grain size of 19 ? 7?m, which increased to 63 ? 21?m after heat treating at 500?C for 2h. The alloy was duplex between 590?C and 800?C, and completely (?Ti) above 800?C. After solution treatment, the mean grain size was 40 ? 16 ?m, which was smaller than at the lower heat treatment temperatures. Following solution treatment, the mean grain size increased with increasing ageing temperature, up to 66 ? 22?m after 2h at 600?C. The growth exponents were lower than the 0.5 for normal grain growth in both cases, and there was an incubation period at 300?C and 400?C when the alloy was not solution-treated. Minimal grain growth was observed close to the beta transus.

scholarly journals Study on Ultra-High Temperature Contact Solution Treatment of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloys

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Wenming Jin ◽  
Jianhao Yu ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Hongjie Jia ◽  
Mingwen Ren
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Solution Time ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Total Strength ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Short Heating Time

Contact solution treatment (CST) of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys can shorten solution time to within 40 s in comparison with 1800 s with traditional solution treatment using a heating furnace. Heating temperature is the key factor in solution treatment. Considering the short heating time of CST, the ultra-high solution temperature over 500 °C of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys was studied in this work. The effects of solution temperatures on the microstructures and the mechanical properties were investigated. The evolution of the second phases was explored and the strengthening mechanisms were also quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that solution time could be reduced to 10 s with the solution temperature of 535 °C due to the increasing dissolution rate of the second phase and the tensile strength of the aged specimen could reach 545 MPa. Precipitation strengthening was the main strengthening mechanism, accounting for 75.4% of the total strength. Over-burning of grain boundaries occurred when the solution temperature increased to 555 °C, leading to the deterioration of the strength.

Effect of Solution Treatment on Microstructures and Hardness of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 937 ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Quan An Li ◽  
Lei Lei Chen ◽  
Wen Chuang Liu ◽  
Xing Yuan Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Zr Alloy

The influence of the solution treatment (at the temperature of 500-520°C for 4-12 h) on microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy was investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Vickers hardness measurement. The as-cast alloy contains a microstructure consisting of α-Mg matrix, Mg5Gd phase and Mg24Y5phase. With increasing solution temperature and time, the quantity of the primary particles (Mg5Gd and Mg24Y5) in the alloy continually decreased, and the degree of recrystallization gradually increased, which result in the gradual decrease of the Vickers hardness of the solution-treated alloys.

Effect of Rare Earth (RE) La on Solid Solution of Second Phase Particle and Austenite Grain Growth in Steel Containing High Niobium

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 2869-2874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhong Song ◽  
Qi Fang ◽  
Hui Ping Ren ◽  
Zi Li Jin ◽  
Hui Chang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Phase Particle ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Austenite Grain ◽  
Austenite Grain Growth ◽  
Soaking Temperature

The solid solution of the second phase particle and austenite grain growth behavior of the high niobium-containing RE steel was studied by mathematical calculation and extraction replica technique. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Rare Earth La on austenite grain growth and propose an empirical equation for predicting the austenite grain size of RE steel. Austenite grain grows in an exponential law with the increase of heating temperature, while approximately in a parabolic law with the increase of holding time. Results show that the RE steel has good anti-coarsening ability at elevated temperatures. When soaking temperature is lower than 1250°C , AGS and growth rate are small for high niobium steel, but soaking temperature is lower than 1220°C , AGS and growth rate are small for RE steel. RE La can promote solid solution of second-phase particles Nb(C, N), the solution temperature decrease 30°C than high niobium steel.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Aging Effect on the Microstructure of Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.3C Alloy: Experimental Characterization and Computational Thermodynamics

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab Zangeneh ◽  
Ersoy Erisir ◽  
Mahmoud Abbasi ◽  
Ali Ramazani
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Sample Solution ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Solution Treated ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Lamellar Type

In the current research, we studied the role of the solution treatment and aging on the microstructure of a Co–28Cr–5Mo–0.3C alloy. We used metallographic observations, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hardness measurements for the evaluations. We also made a comparison between the phase equilibrium calculated with Thermo-Calc, using TCFE8 and TCNI8 thermodynamic databases and experimental findings. The experimental results showed that the transformation of the metastable FCC phase to the HCP phase during aging was extremely sensitive to the solution treatment prior to aging. The effect of the increase in the solution temperature and time was detectable through promotion of the martensitic transformation during quenching in which HCP1 (straight bands) and HCP2 (lamellar-type constitution) phases had developed. In contrast, a low solution temperature and time caused most of the primary carbides to remain in an undissolved condition in the matrix; therefore, during aging, no sign of the FCC to HCP1 (straight bands) phase transformation could be observed. However, we observed the formation of the HCP2 phase (lamellar-type constitution) at the grain boundaries. In addition, the X-ray diffraction pattern indicated that the sample solution treated at lower temperatures and shorter times had a stronger martensitic transformation during aging compared to the sample solution treated at higher temperatures and longer times. Hardness measurements confirmed the results. Thermodynamical calculations showed that an agreement existed between the experiments and calculations. We also discuss the results from the TCFE8 and TCNI8 databases.

Solution Treatment Process of Haynes 230 Cylindrical Blank Used for Hot Flow Spinning

2018 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Ze Yu Li ◽  
Gang Feng Xiao ◽  
Qin Xiang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Cylindrical Blank ◽  
Haynes 230 ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Spinning Process

Hot flow spinning is one of the most effective methods to manufacture the cylindrical parts of nickel-based superalloy. However, crack occurs easily in the hot flow spinning process of Haynes230 alloy when the cylindrical blanks are obtained by forging and wire-electrode cutting billet due to the severe segregation of carbides existed in the microstructure of the Haynes230 forging billet. The solution treatment process of Haynes230 blank is put forward to obtain the cylindrical blank with homogeneous and fine grained microstructure used for hot flow spinning. The influence of solution treatment process on the microstructure and hardness of Haynes 230 was investigated; and the relationship between grain size and solution temperature was analyzed. The results show that the grain size of Haynes230 alloy increases with the increasing of solution temperature and the holding time. The abnormal growth of grains occurs under excessively high solution temperature and long holding time. The grain growth activation energy of Haynes230 is about 296.0kJ/mol. The hardness of Haynes230 alloy decreases with the increasing of solution temperature, but negligibly changes with the holding time. The severe segregation of carbides can be eliminated and the cylindrical blank with homogeneous and fine grained microstructure used for hot flow spinning of Haynes230 alloy can be obtained after solution treatment at 1230°C for 60 min heat preservation.

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