scholarly journals Low Temperature Strain Rate Sensitivity of Titanium Alloys

2016 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloise Vigié ◽  
Thalita de Paula ◽  
Martin Surand ◽  
Bernard Viguier
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Sustained Load ◽  
Dwell Fatigue ◽  
Wide Range

Titanium alloys are widely used in many industrial applications such as in aeronautics due to their combination of good mechanical properties, excellent corrosion resistance and low density. The mechanical behaviour of titanium alloys is known to exhibit a peculiar dependence on both deformation temperature and strain rate. Titanium alloys show significant room temperature creep and they are very sensitive to dwell fatigue and sustained load cracking. This behaviour is related to the viscosity of plastic deformation in titanium alloys, which can be represented by a strain rate sensitivity (SRS) parameter. The present study aims to compare the tensile behavior of two different titanium alloys, Ti-6Al-4V and β21S, which exhibit dissimilar microstructures. Results of tensile tests, performed under constant strain rate and including strain rate changes, are reported in terms of flow stress, ductility and SRS over a wide range of temperatures.

scholarly journals A Modified Eyring Equation for Modeling Yield and Flow Stresses of Metals at Strain Rates Ranging from 10−5to 5 × 104 s−1

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Othman
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Strain Rate Range ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Strain Rate

In several industrial applications, metallic structures are facing impact loads. Therefore, there is an important need for developing constitutive equations which take into account the strain rate sensitivity of their mechanical properties. The Johnson-Cook equation was widely used to model the strain rate sensitivity of metals. However, it implies that the yield and flow stresses are linearly increasing in terms of the logarithm of strain rate. This is only true up to a threshold strain rate. In this work, a three-constant constitutive equation, assuming an apparent activation volume which decreases as the strain rate increases, is applied here for some metals. It is shown that this equation fits well the experimental yield and flow stresses for a very wide range of strain rates, including quasi-static, high, and very high strain rates (from 10−5to 5 × 104 s−1). This is the first time that a constitutive equation is showed to be able to fit the yield stress over a so large strain rate range while using only three material constants.

The Background to Superplastic Forming and Opportunities Arising from New Developments

2020 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Terence G. Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Superplastic Flow ◽  
Dislocation Glide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Historical Developments

The occurrence of superplastic flow in metals has a long history but it is only over the last three or four decades that it was recognized that this process provides an opportunity for fabricating complex parts, especially curved panels, that may be used in a wide range of industrial applications. In practice, this use is dependent upon the high strain rate sensitivity of ~0.5 which is an inherent feature of true superplastic flow but in practice excellent forming may be achieved also through the use of metals deforming within the range of dislocation glide where the strain rate sensitivity is close to 0.3. New possibilities have arisen over the last two decades with the demonstrations that exceptionally refined microstructures, usually within the submicrometer or even the nanometer range, may be prepared from a wide range of commercial alloys through the application of severe plastic deformation in which the material is subjected to a very high strain without any significant changes in the overall dimensions of the sample. This presentation examines these historical developments and describes the new processing procedures that provide new opportunities within the field of superplastic forming.

Effect of Consolidation and Sintering Parameters on the Mechanical Responses of Nanocrystalline Al-Fe Alloy Processed by Mechanical Alloying

2015 ◽  
Vol 719-720 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Muneer Baig ◽  
Hany Rizk Ammar ◽  
Asiful Hossain Seikh ◽  
Mohammad Asif Alam ◽  
Jabair Ali Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Frequency Induction

In this investigation, bulk ultra-fine grained and nanocrystalline Al-2 wt.% Fe alloy was produced by mechanical alloying (MA). The powder was mechanically milled in an attritor for 3 hours and yielded an average crystal size of ~63 nm. The consolidation and sintering was performed using a high frequency induction sintering (HFIS) machine at a constant pressure of 50 MPa. The prepared bulk samples were subjected to uniaxial compressive loading over wide range of strain rates for large deformation. To evaluate the effect of sintering conditions and testing temperature on the strain rate sensitivity, strain rate jump experiments were performed at high temperature. The strain rate sensitivity of the processed alloy increased with an increase in temperature. The density of the bulk samples were found to be between 95 to 97%. The average Vickers micro hardness was found to be 132 Hv0.1.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of the Fracture Surface in the AW-6060 T6 Aluminium Alloy under a Wide Range of Loads

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Chybiński ◽  
Łukasz Polus ◽  
Maria Ratajczak ◽  
Piotr Sielicki
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study focused on the behaviour of the AW-6060 aluminium alloy in peak temper condition T6 under a wide range of loads: tensile loading, projectile and explosion. The alloy is used as a structural component of civil engineering structures exposed to static or dynamic loads. Therefore, it was crucial to determine the material’s behaviour at low and intermediate rates of deformation. Despite the fact that the evaluation of the strain rate sensitivity of the AW-6060 aluminium alloy has already been discussed in literature, the authors of this paper wished to further investigate this topic. They conducted tensile tests and confirmed the thesis that the AW-6060 T6 aluminium alloy has low strain rate sensitivity at room temperature. In addition, the fracture surfaces subjected to different loading (tensile loading, projectile and explosion) were investigated and compared using a scanning electron microscope, because the authors of this paper were trying to develop a new methodology for predicting how samples had been loaded before failure occurred based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. Projectile and explosion tests were performed mainly for the SEM observation of the fracture surfaces. These tests were unconventional and they represent the originality of this research. It was found that the type of loading had an impact on the fracture surface.

Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Concrete: Influence of Moisture Content

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 1661-1664
Author(s):  
Gao Lin ◽  
Dong Ming Yan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Hydraulic Testing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Compressive Tests

Understanding the behavior of concrete under dynamic loading conditions is an issue of great significance in earthquake engineering. Moisture content has an important influence on the strain-rate effect of concrete. In this study, both tensile and compressive experiments were carried out to investigate the rate-dependent behavior of concrete. Tensile experiments of dumbbell-shaped specimens were conducted on a MTS810 testing machine and compressive tests of cubic specimens were performed on a servo-hydraulic testing machine designed and manufactured at Dalian University of Technology, China. The strain rate varied in a wide range. The analytical formulations between the dynamic strength and strain rate were proposed for both compressive tests and tensile tests. It was concluded from the results that with the increasing strain rate, strengths of specimens with both moisture contents tended to increase and the increase seemed to be more remarkable for the saturated specimens; based on the experimental observation, a better explanation for the dynamic behavior is presented.

A Study on Rate Sensitivity of Impedance in TRIP Steel during Deformation at Various Strain Rate under Two Kinds of Deformation Mode

2014 ◽  
Vol 566 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Daiki Inoshita ◽  
Takeshi Iwamoto
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Trip Steel ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Deformation Mode ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Trip Steels ◽  
Material Testing Machine

TRIP steel possesses excellent mechanical properties dominated by strain-induced martensitic transformation (SIMT). For automotive industries, if TRIP steel can be applied to shock absorption members, it can be considered that the weight of automobile can be reduced. However, the strain rate sensitivity of TRIP steels has not been fully understood because the strain rate sensitivity and the deformation mode dependency of SIMT are still unclear. Therefore, it is important to reveal these sensitivity and dependency for confirming a reliability of TRIP steel. Therefore, in this study, it is attempted to estimate the amount of produced martensite in TRIP steel by measuring the inductance of TRIP steel. The specimen made of TRIP steel is used as a core of a prototype coil manufactured in this study. Then, the compressive and tensile tests are conducted by using a material testing machine and a drop weight testing machine using the specimen inside the coil. The inductance of the coil with the deformed specimen are measured continuously during the tests.

The effect of minor element concentrations on the strain rate sensitivity and ductility of commercial purity aluminium sheet

1980 ◽  
Vol 295 (1413) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Plastic Instability ◽  
Alloy Sheet ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Commercial Purity ◽  
Aluminium Sheet

Minor element levels vary considerably in commercial purity ( ca .99.5 % Al) aluminium alloy sheet obtained from various sources. Minor elements may be present in solution or as second phase particles formed during solidification or subsequent processing. The present work is largely concerned with the effects of elements in solution on strain-rate sensitivity and ductility. Recent treatments of plastic instability in tensile tests incorporate the strain rate sensitivity and note its importance in determining the strain at which instability occurs (Ghosh 1977; Marciniak 1974). Tensile properties have been determined on a range of aluminium sheet samples. The results show that small increases in solute concentration can result in a change from positive (flow stress increasing with strain rate) to negative strain rate sensitivity. The rate sensitivity was found to be strain dependent and this had led to a reconsideration of the effect of strain rate sensitivity on ductility. The work suggests that it is not the absolute value of the rate sensitivity that determines its effect on the strain to plastic instability, but rather the sign of its variation with strain. If this is positive then the strain to instability exceeds that expected in the absence of rate sensitivity; if the slope is negative the opposite trend is observed.

Strain-Rate Sensitivity of Concrete: Influence of Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 453-456
Author(s):  
Dong Ming Yan ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Wide Range

Knowledge about the dynamic properties of concrete is vital to the design and safety evaluation of large-scale concrete structures subjected to seismic excitation. There are many factors affecting the dynamic properties of concrete such as moisture content and temperature. Though a lot of concrete structures have been designed to withstand low temperature, research on the strain-rate sensitivity of concrete under low temperature condition is still very limited so far. In this study, both tensile and compressive experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of temperature on the rate-dependent characteristics of concrete. Tensile experiments of dumbbell-shaped specimens were carried out on a MTS810 testing machine and compressive tests on cubic specimens were performed using a servo-hydraulic testing machine. Specimens at two types of temperature, room temperature 20oC and low temperature -30oC, were characterized. The strain rate varied over a wide range. It was concluded from the test data that the strengths of specimens at both types of temperature tended to increase as strain rate increased. Temperature had slight influence on the rate-sensitive behavior of concrete when concrete specimens were dry; however, test on saturated specimens indicated that the role of temperature on the mechanical behavior of concrete subject to dynamic loading was very significant. This phenomenon may be attributed to the state of free water in concrete.

Hot Deformation Behaviour of Low Alloyed Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2794-2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Poletti ◽  
S. Großeiber ◽  
Sergiu Ilie ◽  
Hans Peter Degischer
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Hot Deformation ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Alloyed Steel ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Low Alloyed Steel

Hot deformation of a continuously cast low alloyed steel is studied by means of hot compression and tensile tests carried out after austenitization between 700–790 °C at 3x10-4– 0.3 s-1of strain rate. The ferrite transformation at the applied cooling rate was determined at 710°C by means of dilatometry. The compressive flow data obtained by using a Gleeble®1500 machine are evaluated to obtain the strain rate sensitivity and the processing maps using different models. The tensile data are used to determine the ductility of the material with different deformation parameters. A new calculation method is used for the instability parameter derived from the dynamic materials model. The strain rate sensitivity does not predict any instability but all the others instability parameters do, including the new one. Pores are formed at the prior austenitic grain boundaries at low strain rates, causing a decay of ductility in the tensile samples. A minimum in the ductility was observed for low strain rates at 750°C. Low strain rates and low temperatures increase the formation of more ferrite than without deformation at the corresponding heat treatments without deformation. In these conditions, the deformation is concentrated in the softer ferrite phase. Low power efficiency was calculated at high strain rates, where no dynamic recrystallization takes place. The domains with similar efficiency of power dissipation are correlated to deformation induced ferrite formation and ferrite recovery. These domains vary with the increasing strain.

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